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Using digital tools in the context of female dominance in the real estate market
Get PDFFor society, women’s work is an important reserve necessary for the effective development of production. Negative trends related to female employment have a detrimental effect on the country’s demographic situation, as well as on social relations. Statistics show that it is women who experience the most problems in terms of career growth and professional development. The volume of job offers for women is characterized by a much narrower professional range, and the average salary level is lower. In addition, a woman’s chances of losing her job are always higher than those of men. However, the digital economy provides new employment opportunities for women. Working in real estate combined with digital tools increases female employment and equalizes income levels between men and women. The purpose of the article is to study the state of use of digital tools in the field of real estate, as an important component of increasing the efficiency of the work of real estate agency personnel.For society, women’s work is an important reserve necessary for the effective development of production. Negative trends related to female employment have a detrimental effect on the country’s demographic situation, as well as on social relations. Statistics show that it is women who experience the most problems in terms of career growth and professional development. The volume of job offers for women is characterized by a much narrower professional range, and the average salary level is lower. In addition, a woman’s chances of losing her job are always higher than those of men. However, the digital economy provides new employment opportunities for women. Working in real estate combined with digital tools increases female employment and equalizes income levels between men and women. The purpose of the article is to study the state of use of digital tools in the field of real estate, as an important component of increasing the efficiency of the work of real estate agency personnel
Początki kariery naukowej profesora Jana Wasilkowskiego
Get PDFThe article concerns the pre-war period in the scientific career of prof. Jan Wasilkowski. This period is associated with the University of Warsaw (from 1935, the Józef Pisudski University), where the scholar worked from the position of an assistant at the Civil Law Seminar (1924), through the habilitation and the degree of associate professor of private law (1929), then deputy professor civil law (1931) and finally associate professor (December 1936). As it turned out, the position of associate professor at the Józef Piłsudski University was not the first choice of the scholar who, in a letter to the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Enlightenment, first declared his willingness to be associated with his alma mater (the Jagiellonian University), where he studied and obtained a doctoral degree in 1923. However, by the decision of the Ministry, he took the position of an associate professor at the Józef Piłsudski University and after the war, as a full professor (1947), he reached the highest ranks of the legal world (Dean, Rector, First President of the Supreme Court, Chairman of the Codification Committee). However, the scholar’s pre-war career did not promise that he would become the most influential lawyer of the People’s Republic of Poland, because compared to younger scholars (e.g. Prof. Gwiazdomorski or Prof. Przybyszewski), he achieved the honors of professors and the corresponding reverences somewhat later
The origins and work of the Scottish Law Commission, and the problem of the codification of Scottish private law
Get PDFThe subject covered in the paper is the origins, structure and workings of the Scottish Law Commission created, along with its English counterpart, under the Law Commissions Act of 1965.
The author of the article outlines the course of conceptual and legislative work to constitute the new commission, the extent of its relationship with and dependence on public authorities, as well as the key differences between the legal position of the two commissions, symbolically highlighted by the English commission’s gaining a stronger mandate under the 2009 Law Commission Act.
The final part of the paper is devoted to an attempt to assess the achievements of the Commission to date, the reasons for the failure of the premise of the grand codification endeavour, and the successes that the Commission claim in terms of reforming specific institutions and branches of law
Ludzie niebezpieczni, ludzie powiązani? O Froncie Ludowym i środowisku lewicy literackiej na marginesie dokumentu polskiego Ministerstwa Spraw Wewnętrznych z 1936 roku
Get PDFThe presented document and the text constituting scholarly introduction to it reveal a fragment of the political reality of Poland and Europe in the mid-1930s. They say much about the political climate of the time, determined by the rise in popularity of fascism and the leftist mobilisation against it. The Popular Front, formed with the approval of the Communist International (Comintern), united the hitherto dispersed forces of social democrats and communists, and revitalised various cultural circles for a time. This could also be observed in Polish literature. The document produced by the Polish political police brings knowledge about how deeply left-wing literary circles were identified in the interwar period, and indirectly also informs about where the Polish government camp saw a real ideological enemy. It may be of interest to historians and political scientists as well as literary historians.Prezentowany dokument oraz naukowe wprowadzenie do niego odsłaniają fragment politycznej rzeczywistości Polski i Europy z połowy lat trzydziestych XX wieku. Można z nich wyczytać wiele informacji o ówczesnym klimacie politycznym wyznaczanym przez wzrost popularności faszyzmu oraz lewicową mobilizację skierowaną przeciwko niemu. Utworzony za zgodą Międzynarodówki Komunistycznej (Kominternu) Front Ludowy połączył skłócone dotąd siły socjaldemokratów i komunistów, stanowiąc na pewien czas również ożywczy bodziec dla różnych środowisk kulturalnych. Odczuwalny był on także w polskiej literaturze. Dokument wytworzony przez polską policję polityczną ukazuje, jak głęboko szło rozpoznanie lewicowych środowisk literackich w okresie międzywojennym, a pośrednio informuje również o tym, gdzie polski obóz rządowy upatrywał realnego wroga ideologicznego. Tekst może być ciekawy zarówno dla historyków i politologów, jak i dla historyków literatury
Zasady gry w „Serenghetti” Carlosa Reygadasa
No full textAt first glance, Mexican filmmaker Carlos Reygadas’ Serenghetti (2009) appears to be a documentary, capturing nothing more than an amateur women’s soccer match filmed in Santo Domingo Ocotitlán (Morelos, Mexico). Commentary on the film has focused on social issues such as urban development, anthropocentrism, and sport as spectacle. This essay, however, argues that Serenghetti is much more interested in examining the aesthetic dimension of cinema, or what Reygadas calls the film’s “fiction.” In some respects, Serenghetti recalls Douglas Gordon and Philippe Parreno’s Zidane: A 21st Century Portrait (2006), as both movies record complete soccer matches. But where Gordon and Parreno’s film engages, as Michael Fried contends, with the issue of absorption in contemporary art, this essay suggests that Reygadas’s film is concerned with contesting an anti-representational account of cinema, particularly the question of time, which has been central to how slow cinema scholarship has understood his work. Indeed, since his Cannes award-winning film Japón (2001), Reygadas’ films have been labeled as slow cinema—films that are understood less as a representation of time than as what Thiago de Luca calls “duration itself.” This essay proposes that through the concept of the soccer game, Serenghetti not only asserts itself as fiction but also, in doing so, provides a reading of cinematic time that challenges many political and aesthetic fantasies endorsed by contemporary cultural criticism.Na pierwszy rzut oka Serenghetti (2009) meksykańskiego reżysera Carlosa Reygadasa wydaje się filmem dokumentalnym, rejestrującym jedynie amatorski mecz piłki nożnej kobiet w Santo Domingo Ocotitlán (Morelos, Meksyk). Dotychczasowa recepcja filmu koncentrowała się na kwestiach społecznych, takich jak rozwój miast, antropocentryzm i sport jako widowisko. Niniejszy esej dowodzi jednak, że Serenghetti jest o wiele bardziej zainteresowany badaniem estetycznego wymiaru kina lub tego, co Reygadas nazywa „fikcją” filmu. Pod pewnymi względami Serenghetti przypomina film Zidane: Portret XXI wieku (2006) Douglasa Gordona i Philippe'a Parreno, ponieważ oba filmy rejestrują pełne mecze piłki nożnej. Jednak podczas gdy film Gordona i Parreno angażuje się, jak twierdzi Michael Fried, w kwestię absorpcji w sztuce współczesnej, niniejszy esej sugeruje, że film Reygadasa dąży do zakwestionowania antyreprezentacyjnego ujęcia kina, w szczególności kwestii czasu, która była kluczowa dla tego, jak badacze zajmujący się slow cinema rozumieli jego twórczość. Rzeczywiście, od czasu nagrodzonego w Cannes filmu Japón (2001)
Góry, Haiti i ucieczka z historii uniwersalnej
Get PDFThis essay is an introduction to a special issue of Theoretical Practice devoted to environmental histories of capitalism. Using the example of the Haitian revolution and the parallel European struggles against the mechanization of labor, the author shows how different types of socio-ecological arrangements strengthened or weakened the position of subordinated classes.Esej jest wprowadzeniem do numeru Praktyki Teoretycznej poświęconego środowiskowym historiom kapitalizmu. Na przykładzie rewolucji w Haiti i prowadzonych równolegle do tego wydarzenia europejskich walk z mechanizacją pracy autor pokazuje, jak różne rodzaje układów społeczno-ekologicznych wzmacniały lub osłabiały pozycję grup podporządkowanych
The church of the Wrocław Dominican Nuns in medieval times – decoration, furnishings and its functions
Get PDFThe aim of this article is to reconstruct and discuss the medieval decoration and furnishings of the Dominican Nuns’ Church in Wroclaw, which have survived in a residual state and are stored in dispersed form in the museum collections of Wroclaw, Warsaw and Torun. Particular attention was given to the fragments of the monumental wall painting decoration of the presbytery discovered in 1975, as well as relics of painting and sculpture, comprising: the wings of the polyptych with Marian scenes and representations of saints, and a painting of the Madonna in the Glory (National Museum in Wroclaw), a sculpture of St. Catherine attributed to the workshop of Jakob Beinhart (National Museum in Warsaw) and two wings with the Passion scenes (from the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw, on display at the District Museum in Torun).
The interpretation of the function and significance of the works in question, taking into account both the optics of the nuns and the perspective of the visiting faithful, both of whom were spiritually guided by the Dominican friars, was carried out not only in the context of the history of the Wroclaw convent, but also in relation to other nunneries. It is also a necessary measure given the fact that no trace of a library – which must have existed in the facilities inquestion – has yet been found
Strategiczna litygacja w czasie historycznego pożaru. Przypadek Polski po roku 2015
Get PDFThe article deals with the issue of strategic litigation in the time of historical dismay — a term which refers to the current time, characterized by, inter alia, the decline of a stable axiological framework for law-related practices in Polish society. First, I discuss strategic litigation and historical dismay. Then, the notion of political and legal culture as proposed by Paweł Jabłoński and Przemysław Kaczmarek is depicted and developed. I suggest supplementing the above-mentioned authors’ concept of the limits of juristic powers with an additional element: the primary choice relationship. Finally, I present conclusions on the impact of historical dismay on the limits of juristic powers and the peculiarity of strategic litigation. The problem of the further perspectives of liberalism is also addressed.Artykuł podejmuje problem strategicznej litygacji w czasie historycznego pożaru — czyli, jak będę próbował pokazać, w okresie obecnym, cechującym się między innymi utratą stabilnej podstawy aksjologicznej praktyk związanych z prawem w polskim społeczeństwie. Na wstępie charakteryzuję historyczny pożar oraz strategiczną litygację. Następnie nawiązuję do kategorii kultury polityczno-prawnej w rozumieniu Pawła Jabłońskiego i Przemysława Kaczmarka oraz proponuję uzupełnienie struktury granic władzy prawniczej wymienionych autorów o dodatkowy element: relację pierwotnego wyboru. Na koniec przedstawiam konkluzje dotyczące wpływu fenomenu historycznego pożaru na kwestię granic prawniczej władzy dyskrecjonalnej i specyfikę strategicznej litygacji. Poruszam także wątek dalszych perspektyw liberalizmu, którego pozycja została w ostatnich latach podważona
Dibujar lo indecible: La poliédrica presencia de la homosexualidad en la plástica poética de Federico García Lorca
Get PDFIn the body of Lorca’s graphic work there can be found multiple traces and ways of approaching homosexuality from various themes, tropes and plastic strategies in which the exhibition and the masked concealment of it coexist in a cross-connected form, without being able to express itself in a consistent and stable mode. Perhaps this is one of the most remarkable characteristics of his plastic work, although it has sometimes been overlooked when reducing the presence of homosexuality to a mere more direct and evident homoeroticism of some drawings of sailors or ephebic gypsies. This article aims to review an aspect that, despite being an increasingly contested approach, has not received global attention. Similarly, it is among its objectives to draw a first cartography of the various presences of homosexuality contained in the complex magma of his plastic work.En el corpus de la obra gráfica lorquiana nos encontramos con múltiples trazas y formas de abordar la homosexualidad desde diversas temáticas, tropos y estrategias plásticas en las que, de forma cruzada, cohabitan la exposición y la ocultación enmascarada de la misma, no llegando a expresarse de un modo coherente y estable. Quizás esta sea una de las características más destacables de su obra plástica, aunque a veces se haya pasado por alto al reducir la presencia de la homosexualidad al mero homoerotismo más directo y evidente de algunos dibujos de marineros o de efébicos gitanos. Este artículo pretende revisar un aspecto al que, a pesar de ser un enfoque cada vez más concitado, no se le ha prestado una atención global. De igual modo, está entre sus objetivos trazar una primera cartografía de las diversas presencias de la homosexualidad albergadas en el complejo magma de la obra plástica lorquiana