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Functioning of healthcare entities as learning organisations in Poland on the example of Podlaskie voivodeship
Get PDFThe article aims to present issues regarding learning organisations in the context of the functioning of healthcare entities as examples of such organisations in Poland. A literature review was conducted, and the research problem and two research questions were formulated for verification. The subject of the study is public healthcare entities functioning as learning organisations in Poland, using the example of the Podlaskie voivodeship. In order to gather literature for the article, the desk research method was used, using scientific databases: Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. The literature on the subject covers the years 2015–2023. Firstly, the literature was reviewed, defining a learning organisation. Next, methods and tools used in organisational learning were listed. Lastly, the validity of medical entities as learning organisations was discussed. The next part of the article presented therapeutic entities from Podlaskie voivodeship as learning organisations in 2016–2022. The general criteria of the “Learning Organization” Competition were presented, followed by a discussion on the awarded therapeutic entities. In the end, the limitations of the article were discussed, and conclusions and practical implications were formulated. It was emphasised that changing and responding to market trends is essential for modern health organisations to sustain themselves in a turbulent market. The ability to constantly improve knowledge and search for it is crucial here. Therefore, in healthcare entities such as learning organisations, constant access to knowledge, not strictly medical, is crucial for medical and administrative staff. Helpful in the pursuit of this knowledge accumulation are various methods and tools that support the organisational learning and experience process.The article aims to present issues regarding learning organisations in the context of the functioning of healthcare entities as examples of such organisations in Poland. A literature review was conducted, and the research problem and two research questions were formulated for verification. The subject of the study is public healthcare entities functioning as learning organisations in Poland, using the example of the Podlaskie voivodeship. In order to gather literature for the article, the desk research method was used, using scientific databases: Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. The literature on the subject covers the years 2015–2023. Firstly, the literature was reviewed, defining a learning organisation. Next, methods and tools used in organisational learning were listed. Lastly, the validity of medical entities as learning organisations was discussed. The next part of the article presented therapeutic entities from Podlaskie voivodeship as learning organisations in 2016–2022. The general criteria of the “Learning Organization” Competition were presented, followed by a discussion on the awarded therapeutic entities. In the end, the limitations of the article were discussed, and conclusions and practical implications were formulated. It was emphasised that changing and responding to market trends is essential for modern health organisations to sustain themselves in a turbulent market. The ability to constantly improve knowledge and search for it is crucial here. Therefore, in healthcare entities such as learning organisations, constant access to knowledge, not strictly medical, is crucial for medical and administrative staff. Helpful in the pursuit of this knowledge accumulation are various methods and tools that support the organisational learning and experience process
Medication use review as a service for pharmaceutical care: Conditions for implementation in pharmacy practice
Get PDFPharmaceutical care is an aggregated pharmaceutical service based on an innovative approach towards the patient’s pharmacotherapy process. It was introduced into the Polish pharmaceutical law system in 2008, but it was not until the end of 2020 that the list of activities included in this innovative health service was clarified. The delayed initiation of pharmaceutical care means that implementation procedures are lacking, making it difficult to fully implement it into pharmacy practice. The initiating service for pharmaceutical care in pharmacy practice is the medication use review (MUR), which, combined with the pharmacotherapy assessment, has the task of detecting and solving patients’ drug-related problems and thus ensuring safety in the pharmacotherapy process. Such important objectives for medication use review face organisational barriers that make its effective implementation difficult and practically impossible, limiting the scope of pharmaceutical care to the consultative aspect in practice. The aim of the article is to present the implementation conditions of medication use reviews in Polish pharmacy practice, which helped to identify the conditions for effective implementation of pharmaceutical care. Achieving the research objectives requires the use of a variety of research methods. To identify the conditions for effective implementation of medication use reviews, the method of analysis of legal acts was used. Apart from that, the analysis of literature and the method of examination of documents were also implemented, which made it possible to determine whether the Polish pharmaceutical law system creates conditions for effective provision of this service in pharmacy practice. The method of observation (the mystery shopper) was also used to indicate the territorial (subjective scope) scope of the provision of medication use review and to identify barriers to their implementation in Polish organisational and legal realities. All the methods applied made it possible to determine to what extent pharmacist shortages in the pharmacy limit the implementation process. The results of the study were subjected to statistical analysis.Pharmaceutical care is an aggregated pharmaceutical service based on an innovative approach towards the patient’s pharmacotherapy process. It was introduced into the Polish pharmaceutical law system in 2008, but it was not until the end of 2020 that the list of activities included in this innovative health service was clarified. The delayed initiation of pharmaceutical care means that implementation procedures are lacking, making it difficult to fully implement it into pharmacy practice. The initiating service for pharmaceutical care in pharmacy practice is the medication use review (MUR), which, combined with the pharmacotherapy assessment, has the task of detecting and solving patients’ drug-related problems and thus ensuring safety in the pharmacotherapy process. Such important objectives for medication use review face organisational barriers that make its effective implementation difficult and practically impossible, limiting the scope of pharmaceutical care to the consultative aspect in practice. The aim of the article is to present the implementation conditions of medication use reviews in Polish pharmacy practice, which helped to identify the conditions for effective implementation of pharmaceutical care. Achieving the research objectives requires the use of a variety of research methods. To identify the conditions for effective implementation of medication use reviews, the method of analysis of legal acts was used. Apart from that, the analysis of literature and the method of examination of documents were also implemented, which made it possible to determine whether the Polish pharmaceutical law system creates conditions for effective provision of this service in pharmacy practice. The method of observation (the mystery shopper) was also used to indicate the territorial (subjective scope) scope of the provision of medication use review and to identify barriers to their implementation in Polish organisational and legal realities. All the methods applied made it possible to determine to what extent pharmacist shortages in the pharmacy limit the implementation process. The results of the study were subjected to statistical analysis
Działalność kodyfikacyjna Romualda Hubego
No full textRomuald Hube was one of the most prominent Polish legal historians of the 19th century. He was also a very active jurist who was a member of several governing authorities in the Kingdom of Poland. As a very distinguished lawyer, characterized by a loyalistic attitude towards the government of the Kingdom of Poland, he was appointed to a Commission whose goal was to codify Russian law and unify with it the law in force in the Kingdom of Poland. The most significant of these codifications the result of Romuald Hube’s work was the Code of Principal and Corrective Penalties issued for Russia in 1845, and in 1847 for Poland. The introduction of this Code, which was very critically received by the Polish society, brought down a wave of criticism on Romuald Hube, related not only to the legal solutions adopted in this Code itself, but above all to the role he played in the repressive policies of the Russian authorities against the Polish population. Romuald Hube’s participation in the creation of the Code still raises many controversies in Polish academic circles
„Na hałdach rosną ludzie”: literacka historia pogórniczych środowisk sprzymierzeńczych
Get PDFThe article outlines the issues of the environmental history of the heaps of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin based on literary sources by authors such as Gustaw Morcinek, Wilhelm Szewczyk, and Leon Wantuła, who, due to their biographical experiences, had full insight into the changes in post-mining environments. The main problem discussed is the literary possibilities of environmental history, as well as the issues of post-dependence of industrial and post-industrial environments, completely absent from the foreground history, but commemorated in private accounts. The heaps are analyzed here as a relict landscape, an ally environment, an enclave of unemployment and poverty, an icon of local heritage, and a marginal image.Artykuł zarysowuje problematykę historii środowiskowej hałd Górnośląskiego Zagłębia Węglowego na podstawie źródeł literackich takich autorów, jak Gustaw Morcinek, Wilhelm Szewczyk i Leon Wantuła, którzy ze względu na doświadczenia biograficzne mieli pełny wgląd w zmiany środowisk pogórniczych. Głównym dyskutowanym problemem są literackie możliwości historii środowiskowej, a także zagadnienia postzależności środowisk przemysłowych i poprzemysłowych, właściwie całkowicie nieobecnych w historii z pierwszego planu, ale upamiętnionych dokładnie w prywatnych relacjach. Hałdy są tu analizowane jako krajobraz dereliktowy, środowisko sprzymierzeńcze, enklawa bezrobocia i biedy, ikona dziedzictwa lokalnego i krańcobraz
Strasbourg – Wrocław – Cracow. On the transfer of the “Upper Rhenish style” of Gothic church architecture to Silesia and Lesser Poland in the first half of the 14th c.
Get PDFThe turn of the 14th c. was a special moment in the history of Gothic architecture. It was during this time that the Upper Rhine region quickly gained artistic importance and became the most advanced architectural centre in Europe. The main focus of the article is to show how new trends in architectural design became apparent in two regions of southern Poland, Silesia and Lesser Poland, as early as around 1280. Monastic churches at Lubiaz and Kamieniec as well as the cathedrals and parish churches of Wroclaw and Cracow exemplify the impact of Upper Rhine models on the stylistic development of Central European Gothic architecture. They bear witness of the artistic maturity that had already been reached in the southern Polish regions in the last decades of the 13th century. The study highlights in a special way the artistic role of Wroclaw, which in the 14th c. can be regarded as an architectural centre of far supra-regional importance. It shows that the patrons and master builders of the time in Wroclaw not only maintained constant and intensive contacts with the leading creative centres in south-west Germany, but also contributed to the transmission of the latest style patterns further afield – including to Cracow
Kościół klasztorny wrocławskich dominikanek w czasach średniowiecznych – wystrój, wyposażenie i jego funkcje
No full textThe aim of this article is to reconstruct and discuss the medieval decoration and furnishings of the Dominican Nuns’ Church in Wroclaw, which have survived in a residual state and are stored in dispersed form in the museum collections of Wroclaw, Warsaw and Torun. Particular attention was given to the fragments of the monumental wall painting decoration of the presbytery discovered in 1975, as well as relics of painting and sculpture, comprising: the wings of the polyptych with Marian scenes and representations of saints, and a painting of the Madonna in the Glory (National Museum in Wroclaw), a sculpture of St. Catherine attributed to the workshop of Jakob Beinhart (National Museum in Warsaw) and two wings with the Passion scenes (from the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw, on display at the District Museum in Torun).
The interpretation of the function and significance of the works in question, taking into account both the optics of the nuns and the perspective of the visiting faithful, both of whom were spiritually guided by the Dominican friars, was carried out not only in the context of the history of the Wroclaw convent, but also in relation to other nunneries. It is also a necessary measure given the fact that no trace of a library – which must have existed in the facilities inquestion – has yet been found.The aim of this article is to reconstruct and discuss the medieval decoration and furnishings of the Dominican Nuns’ Church in Wroclaw, which have survived in a residual state and are stored in dispersed form in the museum collections of Wroclaw, Warsaw and Torun. Particular attention was given to the fragments of the monumental wall painting decoration of the presbytery discovered in 1975, as well as relics of painting and sculpture, comprising: the wings of the polyptych with Marian scenes and representations of saints, and a painting of the Madonna in the Glory (National Museum in Wroclaw), a sculpture of St. Catherine attributed to the workshop of Jakob Beinhart (National Museum in Warsaw) and two wings with the Passion scenes (from the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw, on display at the District Museum in Torun).
The interpretation of the function and significance of the works in question, taking into account both the optics of the nuns and the perspective of the visiting faithful, both of whom were spiritually guided by the Dominican friars, was carried out not only in the context of the history of the Wroclaw convent, but also in relation to other nunneries. It is also a necessary measure given the fact that no trace of a library – which must have existed in the facilities inquestion – has yet been found
Korea Północna. Modelowy przykład współczesnego państwa totalitarnego
No full textTotalitarianism in its classical form represents a general model of state functioning. Depending on the perspective adopted, the authors draw attention to its two basic dimensions: socio-anthropological and systemic, i.e. institutional. Adopting an institutional perspective necessitates a comprehensive analysis of the individual elements of the system, i.e. the dominant, all-encompassing ideology, the mass monoparty, the system of terror, the monopoly on weapons and violence, the centrally controlled economy or the state monopoly on communication, because only if all the elements mentioned are present we can call the system totalitarian. These features were noted by researchers of non-democratic regimes as early as the 1950s on the basis of observations of regimes such as the Third Reich or the USSR. It would seem that with the post-war dynamic social and technological development, concepts previously used to describe social phenomena (including the concept of totalitarianism) would lose their original meaning. However, an analysis of the political system of North Korea allows one to pose the thesis that the so-called post-totalitarian states described today exist alongside totalitarian states in the classical sense of the term. The purpose of this paper is to portray the political system of the DPRK and to try to answer the question of whether we can describe North Korea as a model totalitarian state. The status of North Korea in the literature varies widely. Some researchers describe it as an authoritarian state, others as a totalitarian state, and some even call it a post-totalitarian one. The analysis of the individual elements of North Korea’s political system from the point of view of their totalitarian character also makes it possible to answer an extremely important question for researchers of non-democratic states: does totalitarianism have a clearly defined chronological framework or is it an ahistorical and universal concept? As a result of the analysis, it has been proven that North Korea fulfils all the prerequisites indicated by Carl Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski, as well as those articulated by Hannah Arendt, Alexander Hertz or Roger Scruton necessary to qualify it as a model totalitarian state. Significantly, since the mid-twentieth century, North Korea has had an official Juche (juche) ideology that defines all aspects of state and society. There is also a mass party centred around a leader, a large-scale system of terror, both institutional (e.g. political police, concentration camps) and non-institutional (e.g. a system of neighbourhood control or hunger strikes). The party elite has total control over news broadcasting, with only the available public media saturated with government propaganda. The Korean Labour Party also has undivided power over the Korean military and the economy (which, incidentally, is part of the official Juche ideology). North Korea thus fulfils all the prerequisites to be considered a modern totalitarian state
The budget and budgetary law of the Polish People’s Republic
No full textIn Polish People’s Republic, as in other socialist countries, the budget system and the organisational structure of the budget corresponded to the assumptions of the political and socio-economic system of the socialist State. This means that the principles of the management of the budget and budgetary law itself were significantly different from the principles and norms then in force in Western European countries. The aim of this article is to outline how the main stages of the Polish People’s Republic’s budget were forming, as well as to demonstrate the impact of changing tendencies to centralise and decentralise the economy on the structure of the State budget. The first part of the article is devoted to the presentation of the process of adaptation and adjustment of the inter-war fiscal legislation to the new political and economic situation. In the second part, the main phases of the reconstruction of the budgetary system have been analysed. The next two parts of the article refer to the issues of adjustment of the budget system to the decentralisation of the management of the national economy and to the crisis of the early 1980s. The implementation of the research objectives made it possible to formulate the thesis that, despite the changing tendencies towards centralisation and decentralisation, throughout the entire period of the Polish People’s Republic the budget system and the organisational structure of the budget itself corresponded in principle to the assumptions of the political and socio-economic system, at the basis of which lay the principle of democratic centralism and the political and economic unity of the State
Nowelizacje przepisów ustawy z 6 września 2001 roku — Prawo farmaceutyczne z perspektywy respektowania standardów demokratycznego procesu stanowienia ustaw — analiza krytyczna
Get PDFThe study analyses the practice of introducing amendments during parliamentary work on the amendment of the provisions of Pharmaceutical Law. The author focuses on indicating the scope and nature of violations of the constitutional procedure for enacting laws that accompanied these processes. In particular, the “mechanism” of changes made in connection with the enactment of the Act amending the Act on Export Insurance Guaranteed by the State Treasury and certain other acts was subjected to in-depth reflection.W opracowaniu poddano analizie praktykę wprowadzania poprawek w trakcie prac parlamentarnych dotyczących nowelizacji przepisów ustawy — Prawo farmaceutyczne. Autor koncentruje się na wskazaniu zakresu i charakteru naruszeń konstytucyjnego trybu stanowienia ustaw, które towarzyszyły tym procesom. W szczególności pogłębionej refleksji poddany został „mechanizm” zmian dokonanych w związku z uchwalaniem ustawy o zmianie ustawy o gwarantowanych przez Skarb Państwa ubezpieczeniach eksportowych oraz niektórych innych ustaw
Zadania gminy w zakresie zapobiegania bezdomności zwierząt i opieki nad bezdomnymi zwierzętami
Get PDFThe aim of the article is to analyze the currently applicable regulations regarding the tasks of the commune in the field of preventing animal homelessness and caring for homeless animals. Particular attention was paid to the program for the care of homeless animals and the prevention of animal homelessness, determined annually by municipalities by way of a resolution, and to doubts arising at the stage of applying the law related to its individual elements. The currently applicable solutions do not sufficiently achieve their goals, therefore it seems justified to propose de lege ferenda conclusions, which include educational activities aimed at increasing the awareness of animal guardians, introducing a nationwide animal registration system and the obligation to brand them, as well as enabling the public financing of castration and sterilization of owned animals.Celem artykułu jest analiza aktualnie obowiązujących regulacji dotyczących zadań gminy w zakresie zapobiegania bezdomności zwierząt i opieki nad bezdomnymi zwierzętami. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono programowi opieki nad zwierzętami bezdomnymi oraz zapobiegania bezdomności zwierząt określanym corocznie przez gminy w drodze uchwały oraz wątpliwościom powstającym na etapie stosowania prawa związanym z jego poszczególnymi elementami. Aktualnie obowiązujące rozwiązania w stopniu niewystarczającym realizują swoje cele, wobec czego zasadne wydaje się zaproponowanie wniosków de lege ferenda, wśród których wskazano, po pierwsze, podjęcie działań edukacyjnych mających na celu zwiększenie świadomości opiekunów zwierząt, wprowadzenie ogólnokrajowego systemu ewidencyjnego zwierząt oraz obowiązku ich znakowania, a także umożliwienie finansowania kastracji oraz sterylizacji zwierząt właścicielskich