CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Wydarzenia 1938 roku na Śląsku jako preludium do wybuchu drugiej wojny światowej
No full textThe article presents the genesis of the Second World War in Central and Eastern Europe from the perspective of 1938, highlighting in particular the area of Silesia, which in the 20th century belonged to the German Reich, the Czechoslovak Republic and the Republic of Poland. The text focuses primarily on the diplomatic situation in which Silesia became an object of a political game, both of the great powers and of the actions taken by small and medium-sized Central European states (including Poland), seeking to guarantee their sovereignty in the new geopolitical conditions. The main role in these events was played by Nazi Germany, which occupied Czechoslovak Silesia, treating this fact as a preliminary to future territorial conquests during the Second World War
Włodzimierz Borodziej, Maciej Górny, Nasza wojna, [Our War] vol. 1: Imperia 1912–1916 [Empires 1912–1916], Warszawa: Wydawnictwo wab, 2014, 479 pp.; vol. 2: Narody 1917–1923 [Nations, 1917–1923], Warszawa: Wydawnictwo wab, 2018, 622 pp.
No full textGospodarcze i społeczne oddziaływanie armii pruskiej na Śląsku w latach 1815–1848. Stan badań i postulaty badawcze
No full textThis study is an introduction to the subject of the Prussian army’s impact on economic and social issues in the Province of Silesia in the years 1815–1848. The most important files on the relations between the army and the civilian population have been preserved in the records of Prussian ministries, offices and local authorities, stored in Polish and German archives. The aim of the text is to indicate a catalogue of the most important issues to be investigated, together with suggestions regarding the methods of their reconstruction. The text discusses the problems of the presence and functions of the Prussian army in Silesia and the catalogue of the benefits for the army
Księga zamówień firmy WYPIG. Niezwykłe źródło historyczne do badań nad sfragistyką XX w.
No full textThe present paper describes the order book of the Rubber Stamps Manufacturing Company (Polish: Przedsiębiorstwo Wyrobu Pieczątek Gumowych, WYPIG) in Piła, showcasing it as an extraordinary historical source for various research in the field of sigillography, as well as for studying the office culture of Polish People’s Republic (Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) and the history of a private company
La critique d’expression française et la traduction de la poésie
No full textThe translation of poetry stands out as a particular practice within translation, due to the complexity of the source text. As a metaphorical and emotional genre, poetry imposes a number of constraints on its translators: an edition with the original text, a translator who is a poet or who is sensitive to poetry, and a reflection on literature and language (rhythm, metrics, versification, rhyme, verse). This study will analyse what French-speaking critics have written about the translation of poetry in the last half-century, since the rise of translation studies: Béguin, Bensimon, Berman, Birkan-Berz, Bonnefoy, Deguy, Etkind, Jaccottet, Jakobson, Ladmiral, Lombez, Meschonnic, Roubaud, Roud, Scotto, Tsvetaieva, Vischer. In conclusion, we will make a proposal for the treatment of poetry as realia
Capital symbolique, consécration et marché des retraductions de littérature française en langue hongroise entre 2000 et 2020
No full textThis study discusses retranslations of French prose and drama into Hungarian between 2000 and 2020, in a Bourdieusian framework, using mixed methods, based on data provided by the National Library of Hungary. The results show that retranslations constitute 1.26% of the French corpus, i.e. 31 records out of 2452, with a very clear preference for retranslations of narrative works, mostly novels, that are no longer protected by copyright. Although they represent a highly limited and fragmented market, Hungarian retranslations of French literature increase the publishers’ and translators’ symbolic capital and have been on the rise since 2010
Война или спецоперация? Лексические средства для смягчения (?) действительности в газетных заголовках
No full textThe analysis presented in the article has been inspired by press headlines published on Polish and German Internet sites after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The subject of my research are the linguistic means utilised in the press headlines collected from two specific sites in September 2022. The analysis is focused on the strategies and tactics implemented by Western journalists in order to make the difficult topic of war more accessible to their public. The aim of the analysis is therefore to compare the structure of Polish and German corpora of units and to present the lexical means of expression they contain. With a wide selection of examples to support the findings, the article demonstrates not only the similarities and differences of the lexical units, but also their role in the perlocutionary act.Непосредственной инспирацией для написания данной статьи явились заглавия газетных текстов, касающихся войны в Украине, которые были опубликованы на польских и немецких веб-сайтах. Предметом анализа являются языковые средства, использованные в заголовках текстов на двух избранных порталах в сентябре 2022 года. Анализ проводится в контексте актуальных событий в Украине и пропаганды Кремля. Его главной целью является ответ на вопрос, каким образом западные журналисты (в том числе польские и немецкие) знакомят адресатов своих текстов с непростой темой войны. Таким образом исследование сосредоточено, во-первых, на структуре заголовков, находящихся в корпусе и, вовторых, на характеристике употребляемой в них лексики. В выводах, богато иллюстрированных примерами, подчеркиваются не только лексические сходства и разницы, но и значение выбора лексики, а также её участия в успешной реализации речевого акта
Synonymous/variant forms of verbal nouns as a problem of consistent lemmatization
No full textJako východisko pro náš příspěvek z oblasti počítačového zpracování přirozeného jazyka, konkrétně automatické morfologické analýzy, jsme zvolili dva koncepty, které byly propracovány v rámci projektu NovaMorf. První z nich představuje koncept vícenásobného lemmatu a druhý vy- jadřuje tzv. zlaté pravidlo morfologie, tedy požadavek na systematické zpracování variant, aby se každá varianta lišila dvojicí lemma + tag. Tyto dva požadavky vedou k systematickému korpuso- vému studiu variací v české morfologii. Cílem našeho příspěvku je podat ucelený obraz o důsledné lemmatizaci slovesných podstatných jmen zakončených na -ní/-tí, a to zejména v těch případech, kdy lze dějové jméno vytvořit od dvou podob kmene minulého, jako například nařčení/nařknutí, vysání/vysátí, zmražení/zmrazení ad.
Popis tvarosloví verbálních substantiv v synchronní podobě prezentovaný morfologickou anotací korpusů řady SYN (nejnověji syn_v10) vykazuje nekonzistentní řešení v případě, že ver- bální substantivum má variantní tvary. Zaměříme se tudíž na interpretace tvarů verbálních sub- stantiv od variant jednoho slovesa tvořených od variantního kmene, které lze interpretovat jako tvary synonymní/variantní. Také se budeme snažit zaznamenat nedostatky pokrytí morfologické- ho slovníku MorfFlex.The NovaMorf project provided us with two following proposals which have been accepted as our point of departure. The first introduces a concept of the multiple lemma. The second expresses the so-called golden rule of morphology, i.e. the requirement for systematic processing of variants, so that each variant would differ by a pair of lemma + tag. These two requirements lead to the systematic corpus-based study of the variations in the Czech morphology. The aim of our text is to give a comprehensive picture of the consistent lemmatization of verbal nouns on -ní/-tí. If we have two variants of a verbal noun such that they can be considered synonymous (nařčení/ nařknutí), then, let the concept of multiple lemma be applied. Here, we give a complete list containing the synonymous lemmas of Czech verbal nouns extracted from grammars, dictionaries and the large language corpora
Comunidades de práctica de la lengua caboverdiana y de A Fala de Xálima. Estudio comparativo
No full textThe aim of this paper is to analyse some aspects of the sociolinguistic situation of the Cape Verdean archipelago, applying the assumptions of the community of practice theory. It is the second part of a broader comparative study juxtaposing two linguistic communities: Xálima and Cape Verdean, through the prism of the same theory. We define the community of practice as an aggregate of people who come together around mutual engagement in an endeavour of preserving and promoting their vernacular language. The empirical material will be a series of anthropological observations and comments on the semi-directed interviews, made in situ by the authors, in which we will compare, for instance, the efforts towards the orthographic standardization of the two systems and their possible effects. We aim to demonstrate that the methodological principle of community of practice is transversal, applicable and suitable to shed new light over diverse sociolinguistic minorized contexts, thus revealing otherwise poorly visible similarities
O strukturach wartości dziś. Od polaryzacji do wewnętrznego porządku
No full textCommonly used expressions, such as “left-wing values” or “traditional values,” suggest that the keystone connecting dispersed values into a tangible whole can only be a specific identity or ideology, whose meaning is constructed within a polarization. Today, as we are afflicted by clashes typical of contemporary cultural wars, the question of whether spheres of values can be conceived beyond a language that reduces everything valuable to opposition becomes even more important. In response to this issue, the article presents a concept developed in cultural studies at the University of Wrocław, according to which structures of values derive their specificity from their own particular construction. Given certain shortcomings of this concept — including the overly narrow concept of values — a correction has been made aiming to replace the human as the subject of valuation with subjectivity in a phenomenological sense. Possible types of relations between values have also been indicated: in addition to hierarchical relationships, two others are proposed: co-occurrence and disjunction.Stosowane dość często wyrażenia, takie jak „wartości lewicowe” czy „tradycyjne wartości”, sugerują, że zwornikiem łączącym rozproszone wartości w uchwytną całość może być wyłącznie określona tożsamość bądź ideologia, których znaczenie wytwarza się w ramach polaryzacji. Dziś, gdy doskwierają nam starcia typowe dla współczesnych wojen kulturowych, tym istotniejsze staje się pytanie, czy sfery wartości można pomyśleć poza językiem sprowadzającym wszystko, co cenne, do opozycji. W odpowiedzi na to zagadnienie artykuł prezentuje koncepcję wypracowywaną na wrocławskim kulturoznawstwie, wedle której struktury wartości czerpią swoją specyfikę z własnej, szczególnej budowy. Wobec pewnych niedostatków tej koncepcji — w tym: zbyt wąskiego ujęcia wartości — dokonana została jej korekta zmierzająca do zastąpienia człowieka w roli podmiotu waluacji subiektywnością w rozumieniu fenomenologicznym. Wskazane zostały również możliwe typy relacji między wartościami: obok stosunków hierarchicznych proponuje się wyróżnienie jeszcze dwóch: współwystępowania i rozłączności