CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Kodowanie rzeczywistości politycznej pojęciem totalitaryzmu
No full textCoding reality with the use of the term “totalitarianism” can be implemented at various levels. At the highest persuasive level it is consistent with commonly prevailing myths, uses extensive argumentation, and contains essential elements of the definition. At the lowest level it is a mere calumny — an emotional and unjustified epithet. Decoding reality (not only in the case of totalitarianism) can occur by rigorously meeting the requirements of defining and operationalizing concepts
W kokonie państwa narodowego. Granice w dyskursie współczesnego ruchu narodowego w Polsce
No full textThe aim of this article is to analyse the essence and concept of the border in the discourse of the contemporary national movement in Poland. The term “national movement” includes groupings that refer to the traditions of the Polish national camp from the period of the Second Republic of Poland. Contemporary nationalists, observing the transformations taking place in the world, seek to legitimize existing borders. They justify them by demonstrating the role of the nation-state in international relations and by treating sovereignty as a value that cannot be divided or graded.
While a certain attempt to redefine their assumptions can be discerned in recent years, the basic axioms remain intact. Among other things, the young nationalists include in their reflections the process of globalization, which results in a weakening of the role of borders in the terms of international law. They emphasize, however, that borders transform and modernize but do not disappear: “just as human nature, which is its origin and raison d’être, does not disappear”
Rola instytucji kształcenia podstawowego w świetle Ustawy o wspieraniu i resocjalizacji nieletnich
No full textThere are different views on juveniles according to their act of demoralization. The Act on Juvenile Deliquency Proceedings instruct on the measures of aiding families with the upbringing and education of children and teenagers. Every person who notices any antisocial behavior has a duty to stop or prevent the prohibited act and report it to children’s parents, school, or even a family court or law enforcement. If a juvenile commits an offense in relation to the fullfillment of compulsory school attendance, the apply disciplinary measures in a way outlined by the Act
Kultura produkcji i czarne podżycie. Notatki o „Black Metamorphosis” Sylvii Wynter
No full textThe article is dedicated to “Black Metamorphosis. New Natives in the New World,” Sylvia Wynter’s manuscript written between 1971 and 1982. First, I present the key features of the monograph and engage with two of Wynter’s arguments. The first one states that orthodox Marxism repeats the reductionist logic of capitalism, and is thus unable to explain the exploitation of reproduction and enslaved labour. The second, related to the revolutionary role of the indigenous black culture, enables Wynter to analyse not only capitalism but the overarching bourgeois “culture of production.” Wynter’s text reveals that a return to early modernity is necessary to understand more contemporary history, which is rooted in the social forms of colonial capitalism and the bourgeois code of imperial Europe. By looking at marginalized cultural practices, Wynter exposes the power of alternative ways of being, which became the basis of contemporary revolutionary social movements. To discuss the relevance of her proposal, I juxtapose it with more contemporary notions important for black and decolonial thought: the undercommons and abolition.Artykuł poświęcony jest „Black Metamorphosis. New Natives in the New World”, nieopublikowanemu manuskryptowi autorstwa Sylvii Wynter, napisanemu w latach 1971–1982. Na początku przedstawiam kluczowe cechy monografii i odnoszę się do dwóch argumentów Wynter. Pierwszy z nich stwierdza, że ortodoksyjny marksizm powiela redukcjonistyczną logikę kapitalizmu, a przez to nie jest w stanie wyjaśnić eksploatacji reprodukcji i niewolniczej pracy. Drugi argument, związany z rewolucyjną rolą rdzennie czarnej kultury, pozwala Wynter analizować nie tylko kapitalizm, ale także wszechobecną burżuazyjną „kulturę produkcji”. Tekst Wynter pokazuje, że konieczny jest powrót do wczesnej nowożytności, aby zrozumieć współczesną historię zakorzenioną w społecznych formach kolonialnego kapitalizmu i burżuazyjnym kodom imperialnej Europy. Przyglądając się zmarginalizowanym praktykom kulturowym, Wynter ujawnia siłę alternatywnych sposobów istnienia, które stały się podstawą współczesnych rewolucyjnych ruchów społecznych. Aby omówić znaczenie jej propozycji, zestawiam ją z bardziej współczesnymi pojęciami ważnymi dla myśli czarnej i dekolonialnej: „podziemne dobra wspóle” (undercommons) i abolicja
Karczmy i monopol alkoholowy we nowożytnej Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów; perspektywa mikro/globalna
No full textIn the early modern period, landowners, primarily the nobility and clergy, secured exclusive rights to produce and sell alcohol, making the so-called propination monopoly a highly lucrative income source. Being distorted in historiography, propination is now surrounded by myths. This article aims to unravel the global configurations that led to the development of the monopoly and its significance in the early modern period, laying the groundwork for a more nuanced interpretation. Revisiting debates on grain export, the evolution of the manorial-corvee economy, and shifts in global consumption patterns, the paper reframes these discussions to assess the economic impact of the propination and discern economic changes deviating from states transforming faster into emerging capitalist systems. Moreover, the article briefly explores how the examination of propination and analogous phenomena can enrich discussions on microand global history methods.W okresie nowożytnym właściciele ziemscy, głownie szlachta i duchowieństwo, zapewniali sobie wyłączne prawa do produkcji i sprzedaży alkoholu, co czyniło tzw. monopol propinacyjny bardzo dochodowym źródłem dochodu. Zniekształconemu w historiografii, monopolowi propinacyjnemu towarzyszy dziś wiele mitów. Celem poniższego artykułu jest omówienie globalnych uwarunkowań, które doprowadziły do rozwoju rzeczonego monopolu oraz zrozumienie jego znaczenia w okresie nowożytnym. Rewidując debaty na temat eksportu zboża, ewolucji gospodarki folwarczno-pańszczyźnianej oraz zmian w globalnych wzorcach konsumpcji, artykuł zmienia perspektywę w odniesieniu do tych dyskusji, aby ocenić wpływ gospodarczy propinacji i rozpoznać zmiany ekonomiczne odbiegające od państw szybciej przekształcających się w nowo powstające systemy kapitalistyczne. Ponadto artykuł krotko analizuje w jaki sposob badanie propinacji i analogicznych zjawisk może wzbogacić dyskusje na temat mikro-historii i historii globalnej
Wrocław printmaking
No full textThe article outlines the history of the Wroclaw printmaking. It includes the names of the most important artists and makes an attempt to show the development of the Wroclaw printmaking on the basis of the dominant forms of representation and style
EFL Teachers Supporting War Refugee Students from Ukraine in Schools in Poland
No full textThis paper is devoted to the discussion of a specific crisis situation that had a considerable impact on the professional lives of many teachers in Poland, namely the appearance of war refugee students from Ukraine in Polish schools after 24 February 2022, that is, after the Russian invasion on Ukraine and the subsequent influx of refugees from Ukraine to Poland. The aim of the study was to gain insight into the experiences of Polish teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) in the context of this situation. The general picture emerging from the study is that the respondents, who teach refugee students, make an effort to create a friendly and safe learning environment for them. As far as the language of communication is concerned, it is especially early- and late-career teachers who made an effort to learn the language(s) of their students: many early-career teachers learn Ukrainian or Russian, and many late-career teachers are motivated to brush up on their Russian to communicate with their students. Most of the respondents show interest in participating in professional training to gain knowledge and skills in working with refugee students, although such training was only available to a small group of study participants. The study also asked the respondents if certain activities, such as adjusting the teaching content to the level of the students or talking to Ukrainian students about their feelings about being in a new environment, were problematic or difficult for them. Most of the respondents did not report any major problems in this regard
Amnestia w polskim prawie karnym
No full textAmnesty is a collective pardon law whereby state authorities remit or reduce the punishment of certain groups of offenders. In the recent history of Polish criminal law, amnesties were also an instrument used against actual or alleged political opponents, which was part of the formula of an authoritarian or totalitarian state. The number of amnesties in the interwar and postwar periods in Poland was similar, but their motives were different. Amnesty was announced for the last time in 1989, and it is assessed differently by representatives of legal science. The aim of the article is to refer to these views, and above all to catalogue individual amnesty acts and to assess amnesty as an instrument of criminal law
Redefinicje demokracji w dobie międzywojennego kryzysu parlamentaryzmu w polskiej myśli polityczno-prawnej — przyczynek do badań
No full textThe article discusses the influence of systemic changes occurring in Europe in the interwar period on the evolution of the notion of democracy in the Polish politico–legal thought. The analysis of works then created in the Polish scientific and political communities demonstrated the fact that the awareness of the crisis of parliamentary cabinet system was present among the Polish researchers and politicians at the same time when the research on this subject was conducted in the Western Europe by, among others, Joseph Barthelemy and Carl Schmitt. It allowed the author to show the process of redefining democracy in the political and social dimension, the result of which was the replacement of liberal democracy by a model of social democracy, being a formula of organizing the society around the elite delegated through the indirect election. The aim of the article was also to outline more extensive research perspective on the development of politico–legal sciences in the Second Polish Republic taking changes in defining the classical metapolitical notion, i.e. democracy as a point of reference