CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Szczególna ochrona socjalistycznej własności państwowej a własność osobista w świetle wybranych rozwiązań cywilnoprawnych w PRL
No full textThis study is a short analysis of the impact of ideological assumptions in the People’s Republic of Poland on the civil law issue of property. The aim formulated at the outset of the study was to demonstrate that the assumptions of the Marxist-Leninist doctrine and the ideology of building a socialist system were decisive for the introduction of civil law norms, which were to serve strengthening and development of socialist state property. Nevertheless, judicial activity also performed a support function. The second point generally explains the problems of the functions that were assigned to socialist nationwide (state) property and personal property in the People’s Republic of Poland. Next, the author selected and examined legal solutions that constituted examples of legislation aimed at implementing the principle of special protection of socialist state property. The scope of the research covered the relevant provisions of the Civil Code 1964, which were to ensure the primacy of state property or privilege state organizational units exercising state property rights. Exemplary the Supreme Court judicature concerning the analysed civil law provisions was also examined. Against this background, a clear inequality in the protection of state and personal property has emerged. In the conclusion of the study, it was stated that the legislative activity in the People’s Republic of Poland in the field of civil law implemented the ideological assumptions imposed by the Constitution 1952 concerning the protection of socialist state property. Ideological postulates also had a certain impact on the judicature, which supported the People’s Republic of Poland as a people’s state through interpretation, as well as by filling in the legal loopholes in the laws securing and strengthening state property
The elections and legitimation of Communist rule in Poland after the Second World War
No full textThe article discusses the significance of elections to the process of legitimation of the communist rule in Poland after the Second World War. The main research question is whether the elections gave the totalitarian/authoritarian rule real legitimacy and if they did (or didn’t), then why. The author draws broader conclusions from the example of Poland, which is his focus. The departure point of his analysis is the discussion of the circumstances in which the communist rule was established in Poland in the years 1944–1947, when the first two post-war general votings took place: the referendum and the elections to the Legislative Sejm. Further discussed are the first elections to the Sejm of the People’s Republic of Poland in 1952, during which practices used in the Soviet Union were implemented to the greatest extent, unsurpassed in entire the history of the communist rule in Poland. Presenting the characteristics of the Sejm elections in the following years, the author concentrates on their social perception, with a view to its connection to the article’s central issue of legitimation. In the final section, the influence of the elections on the legitimation of communist authorities is juxtaposed with the classical theories of legitimation by Max Weber and David Beetham. In the conclusion the author points out that the legitimation imparted on the communist rule by the elections was just as illusory as the choice presented to the voters
„Specjalna zdolność prawna osób prawnych” — relikt PRL czy koncept prawny warty uwagi?
No full textThe study takes a closer look at the concept of the so-called “special capacity of legal persons”, indicating its development (evolution), the views justifying its introduction, the sources stemming from the concept of capitalist states, including the ultra vires doctrine inherent in the common law system. The consequences of the application of this concept and its practical significance, as well as its reception by representatives of the doctrine, are also analysed. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the concept was of a strictly political and ideological nature, and for many authors it provided fodder and a pretext for reflections on the nature of the socialist legal order and the distinctiveness and superiority of the doctrine of socialist economy. Thus, the old capitalist concept, resurrected and modified by the communist state, became a tool of blunt propaganda of the totalitarian state that the People’s Republic of Poland was
Niechciany krajobraz. Motywy Dolnego Śląska oraz utraconego Wschodu w kinematografii NRD
No full textThe purpose of this article is to analyze the representation of the motifs of Lower Silesia and the lost East in East German cinematography. In the Soviet occupation zone and later in the GDR, there was a ban on public mention of the lost Heimat practically until 1989. This was due to the new state’s need to accept the Yalta–Potsdam agreements, as well as its obligations to the USSR. The socialist government sought to make the displaced people “new citizens” and use their potential to build a new regime. In doing so, it focused public attention on the circumstances surrounding the socialist reconstruction of the homeland to divert attention from the uncomfortable past. The landscape of the East as an object of nostalgic references arousing emotional associations, carrying the potential to raise the level of social frustrations, from the point of view of the authorities seemed not only disturbing, but also politically dangerous. Therefore, on the silver screen it was entirely replaced by a vision that could be described as a landscape of socialist modernization, encompassed by the key processes of land reform and collectivization of the countryside in the socialist economy. The intention of this study is to take a critical approach leading to the recognition of how film landscapes function as vehicles of collective memory, how they reveal remembering/forgetting mechanisms, and what settlement topos and migration myths they contain. The main hypothesis is that feature films about forced displacement, in addition to historical politics, reveal anthropological experiences: the trauma of losing one’s home, the conflicts accompanying the familiar and the foreign, the difficulties of cultural adaptation, the problem of lost identity etc. The subjects of the analysis are the feature films: Free Country (Freies Land, Soviet occupation zone, 1946, dir. M. Harbich); The Bridge (Die Brücke, Soviet occupation zone, 1949, dir. A. Pohl); Palaces and Huts (Schlösser und Katen, 1956/1957) and The Girl from the House of Correction (Vergeßt mir meine Traudel nicht, GDR, 1957, dir. K. Maetzig); Childhood (Kindheit, GDR, 1986, dir. S. Kühn)
Polish translation and reception of “L’herbe à brûler” by Conrad Detrez
No full textThe reception of literary translation can be seen as a space of intercultural encounter. As a complex phenomenon, it should be studied by referring to various testimonies, in which we can include the translation itself and newspaper articles. The analysis of these documents allows us to visualise the reception of a single work or the author’s entire presence in a given culture. The aim of this article is to examine the Polish translation and reception of Conrad Detrez’s novel L’herbe à brûler (A Weed for Burning) published in 1978 (in Polish: Wrzucić w ogień jak zielsko, published in 1987, translated by Ewa Gryczko). Detrez is one of the most important writers of the Belgitude period. In his work, many references to the complicated social situation in Belgium and the disputes between the Walloons and the Flemish can be found. Our analysis showed that Polish literary criticism has not paid attention to this aspect of Detrez’s novels and the translation techniques used do not help the Polish reader to understand Belgium’s complex political and social situation
Homoseksualiteit in het spanningsveld tussen literatuur en wetenschap
No full textIn her book Anders dan de anderen (2024), Mary Kemperink investigates the evolution of the concept of homosexuality through a detailed analysis of both literary and medical texts. Although less widely recognized, scientific inquiry into homosexuality began to emerge around the mid-nineteenth century. Kemperink elucidates the reciprocal influence between literature and medical theories, exploring how literary works contributed to the formation of scientific concepts related to homosexuality. Her research draws on a diverse range of literary and scientific sources, providing fresh insights into the social and intellectual dynamics of homosexuality’s representation in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This approach not only reveals the historical and social context of homosexuality but also underscores the pivotal role of cultural artifacts in shaping societal attitudes
Bibliopole, kupcy, kramarze w świecie książki. Do dziejów handlu książką we Lwowie w XVIII wieku
No full textIn Lviv, in the 18th century, apart from privileged bookstores, popular books produced locally or imported from other cities of the Polish Republic were sold by stallholders. Most of them came from families of bookbinders. The publications on sale included religious literature (especially of a devotional character), school textbooks, bourgeois literature, popular tales, satires and so on as well as calendars. They were cheap prints, frequently widely read, so that sometimes the only trace of them remained in the inventories of their titles prepared on various occasions, often while dividing the inheritance after their owner’s death.
One of the most important elements of the culture of disseminating books were fairs. In Lviv, the largest book fair had long been held on St. Agnes’ Day (January 21st). Like in the previous centuries, the town which acted as intermediary in trade (especially with Kraków and Poznań) was Jarosław. Prints were transported further east through Lviv. This is what made Lviv important in the dissemination of literature from the Latin cultural circle. A few published inventories of printed works indicate the titles of books, often not listed in bibliographies, the prices of cheap and more expensive prints, and their bindings.Dopływ krajowej i zagranicznej produkcji drukarskiej do Lwowa w XVIII wieku. Księgarnie, kramy i drukarnie zajmujące się handlem książką we Lwowie. Ich oferta księgarska. Wykazy inwentarzowe książek znajdujących się w składach niektórych kramów lwowskich
Literatura nordycka na polskim rynku książki. Analiza ilościowa przekładów z lat 2010–2020
No full textThe article consists of a quantitative analysis of Polish translations of literature from Nordic countries published between 2010 and 2020. Between 2010 and 2020, 2,985 titles were published in translation into Polish, including 1,577 from Norwegian, 1,086 from Swedish, 127 from Finnish, 118 from Danish and 77 from Icelandic. The largest share in publishing production was held by Norwegian romance fiction (romantic sagas) (42%), thriller and crime novels (21%), and books for children and young adults (20%), most often translated from Swedish. Translations of literary fiction (non-genre fiction) accounted for approximately 9%, and of literary non-fiction (mostly life-writing, such as biographies, reportages, diaries, memoirs, journalism and essays, excluding self-help and popular science books) for 3%. The works were translated by 283 translators and published by 175 publishing houses. The study showed that every year, an average of 271 titles in translation from the languages of the Nordic countries appeared on the Polish book market. The numbers of translations of both romantic sagas and crime novels published per year were the highest in the first years of the considered period. Between 2016 and 2018, the number of crime novels was growing but it did not reach the earlier highest point. Since 2014, a gradual, yet irregular increase in the number of translations of literary fiction and children’s literature was observed, which may have been partly influenced by translation grants. Thanks to them, 55% of non-fiction titles, 49% of fiction, 15% of children’s books and 12% of crime novels were published. Granting institutions co-financed more than half of the translations of the books originally published in Finland, one third of the books from Denmark, one fifth from Iceland, and approximately 10–11% from Norway and Sweden. Most titles appeared thanks to the support of the Norwegian NORLA and the Swedish Arts Council. Large publishing and media companies operating on the digital and press markets had the greatest share in the popularisation of Nordic works. Literary publishers with an established position on the Polish market stood out with the most diversified offer (in terms of source language and genre). The share of publishers specialising in children's literature was significant (also quantitatively). In total, almost 90% percent of translations from all the languages mentioned above were published by 36 publishers out of 175 (21%).Przekłady literatury z krajów nordyckich na język polski — przegląd dostępnych statystyk i opracowań. Powody podjęcia badań. Opis sposobu pozyskania danych. Analiza ilościowa materiału
Między undergroundem a instytucją. Przypadek gromadzenia zinów w Pracowni Komiksu Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Poznaniu
No full textThis article analyses the activities of the Comics Section of the University Library in Poznań, which is one of the few (institutionalised) places in Poland which have undertaken the collection of art zines. An analysis of the case of the Comics Section of the University Library in Poznań may constitute an important contribution to the reflection on the methods of collecting zines as well as creating space for future research on these works, which are hard to access.Zin, fanzin, artzin i ewolucja prasy trzeciobiegowej. Pracownia Komiksu — misja i metody gromadzenia zinów. Uwagi co do dalszego prowadzenia badań nad twórczością zinową
