CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Miejsce PYCHY wśród pojęć emocji samoświadomościowych utrwalonych w polszczyźnie i innych językach — perspektywa porównawcza
No full textThis paper aims to explore and present the role of negative pride emotions such as hubris within the Polish conceptualization of self-conscious emotions, including the comparative perspective. The reporting and critical analysis part of the paper analyzes the results of semantic research on the meanings of the names of such emotions in various languages, as well as lexicographic data (from monolingual and multilingual dictionaries) and corpus data (the National Corpus of Polish). The empirical part of the paper analyzes a thematic mini-corpus of text samples selected from the Internet which contain the Polish words pycha ‘negative pride, conceit, hubris’, duma ‘pride’, and próżność ‘vanity’. The methodological basis of the research is the cognitive theory of meaning and the theory of natural categories which are organized around prototypes (see e.g. Bartmiński 2006; Grzegorczykowa 2012b; Kleiber 2003; Kövecses 2003; Kövecses et al. 2019; Taylor 2007; Wierzbicka 1999). Previous research on related concepts, such as DUMA ‘pride’, PYCHA ‘negative pride, conceit, hubris’ and MIŁOŚĆ WŁASNA ‘self-love, amour propre’ in Polish, PRIDE in English and PÝCHA ‘pride’ in Czech, is taken into consideration, introducing a comparative perspective to the analysis (see e.g. Grzegorczykowa 2012a; Grzegorczykowa, Mikołajczuk 2019; Grzegorczykowa, Piotrowska 2011; Fabiszak, Hebda 2010; Kövecses 1986; Mikołajczuk 2016, 2018, 2019, 2021; Saicová Římalová 2010; Wilson, Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk 2017; Tissari 2006; Wierzbicka 1992). In effect, the analysis indicates three different variants of emotion models which are represented by concepts from the category of PRIDE (including NEGATIVE PRIDE) in Polish: a typical variant: PYCHA (‘negative pride, conceit, hubris’), a variant of ideological imagination — DIGNIFIED PRIDE, and a reference variant — REACTIVE PRIDE
Działania Unii Europejskiej na rzecz zwalczania antysemityzmu
No full textThis article analyses the activity undertaken at the European Union level in terms of combating anti-Semitism, which is a reminiscence of the totalitarian system that operated in Europe and that led to the outbreak of WWII and the Holocaust. The aim of the article is to investigate cohesion of political actions taken by EU institutions on the basis of existing legal basis and to assess their effectiveness in building a civil society free of prejudice. The article uses the method of investigation of the law in force and the method of text analysis to study EU’s political documents. They study analyses the achievements of the thought of the Founding Fathers of the Community, norms of primary and secondary legislation that guarantee protection against discrimination and hate crime, documents and the so-called soft law (atypical acts) adopted by EU institutions and actions taken by the Union’s bodies to eliminate anti-Semitism in the Member States
Sankcje podatkowe jako instrument presji ekonomicznej wobec Federacji Rosyjskiej w kontekście wojny w Ukrainie
No full textThe paper presents legal and economic aspects of tax sanctions imposed by some countries (international organizations) on the Russian Federation in response to this country’s aggression against Ukraine in February 2022. The main research question is whether tax restrictions against Russia are fiscally and economically severe enough to make an impact on Russian political and military decisions in the context of the invasion as Moscow’s budget deficit is getting higher. The conducted research shows that due to the symmetry (the mirror effect) of adverse tax consequences (and also economic consequences) associated with the imposition of most of tax sanctions, even countries that strongly support Ukraine in the war have not decided to adapt such restrictive measures against the Russian Federation that could significantly affect fiscal situation in Russia and, above all, reduce tax benefits resulting from international tax treaties, which still apply to Russian taxpayers who conduct cross-border business activity and invest abroad
Rok 1956 w polskim więziennictwie — realny przełom czy pozory totalitarnej odwilży?
No full textThe Polish prison system in the first years after the end of World War II was considered part of the criminal apparatus of the security organs of the People’s Republic of Poland. Documented cases of drastic violations of the rights of convicts, the detention of political prisoners, torture, and inhumane conditions of confinement caused penitentiary units at the time to become deservedly infamous. The political thaw that began in October 1956 and the transition of the penitentiary system to the Ministry of Justice created an opportunity to restore the rule of law in penitentiaries and create humane conditions of imprisonment. This publication puts forward the thesis that the reforms undertaken by the new departmental authorities in the first decade since the transition of prisons to the jurisdiction of the Minister of Justice were in line with the spirit of modern penitentiary thought and the standards for prisoners’ rights adopted by the international community. Areas where these changes were most progressive and were given the greatest momentum were identified. The practice, to the extent necessary, was also reconstructed. It was also pointed out that already at the threshold of the reform undertaken, the limits and barriers to the initiated changes were clearly outlined. Their source was mainly the political context, but also the financial and material limitations of the Polish state. A not insignificant obstacle was also the change in the mentality of the staff of penitentiary units. The paper uses the method of historical-legal and dogmatic research
O totalitaryzmie z perspektywy encykliki „Centesimus annus” Jana Pawła II
No full textThe study presents the assumptions of totalitarian ideology and the effects of its occurrence in the third social encyclical of John Paul II — Centesimus annus, which was published in 1991. The focus was on defining the papal vision of abuses and violations that were the result of the functioning of totalitarian structures in selected countries. Attention is paid to various forms of limitations experienced by an individual deprived of the ability to fulfil his or her own needs and aspirations. It was emphasized that among the most serious, degrading effects of the functioning of a totalitarian state for man, we should point out deep anti-personalism and anthropological reductionism. The Pope’s arguments were presented concerning the conditions that can make democracy only a seemingly “safe” political system
The discovered and lost memory of the Kurdish mountains: Josef Wünsch’s journey to Armenia and Kurdistan
No full textThe study introduces the traveller Josef Wünsch, a successful explorer of the sources of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. Wünsch travelled in the years 1881–1883 in the eastern part of Turkey, the area historically referred to as Armenia and Kurdistan. He was the first European, who maps the mountain regions of Taurus and the Armenian Highlands in detail. He created a memory of space in two ways. First, he incorporated the area into the system of European knowledge—the white spot on the world map was filled with a detailed description of mountains, streams, settlements and roads. Second, his texts preserved the cultural image of the place, which is all the more valuable because it was destroyed very soon after his expedition. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Armenian genocide took place in the region
The Tachtigers’ ideology in D.G. Jelgersma’s portraits of Francis Bacon and Thomas Hobbes in “De Nieuwe Gids”
No full textThis article examines D.G. Jelgersma’s presentation of Francis Bacon and Thomas Hobbes to late 19th-century Dutch readers and investigates the presence of these ideas in the 19th-century Dutch socio-political discourse. In his contributions “Francis Bacon” and “Thomas Hobbes”, which were printed in De Nieuwe Gids – a periodical meant to express the views of the Dutch literary avant-garde of the 1880s – Jelgersma attempts to define the origins and development of ervaringswijsbegeerte (empirical philosophy). Published in a review whose main objective was to renew not only Dutch literature and culture but also the nation’s social and political spheres, Jelgersma’s articles are not free from ideology. Both texts show that Bacon’s and Hobbes’ ideas were current in the contemporary discussions of scientific, social, political, and theological issues in the 19th-century Netherlands. All the same, Jelgersma’s presentation of the material was not entirely unbiased since the author, who made contributions to the Tachtigers’ literary review designed for the ‘literary revival’ public, could not but share at least some of their revolutionary beliefs
Opera jako świątynia wszelkich sztuk — refleksje na temat sztuki operowej w „Kronice paryskiej” Zofii Węgierskiej
No full textThe article analyzes Zofia Węgierska’s columns on opera plays, published in 1853–1869 in Biblioteka Warszawska. The columnist sees the field as a synthesis of the arts — theater, painting, sculpture, music and literature. Her opera criticism therefore uses terminology and modes of expression appropriate for describing other arts. In this regard, the journalist is particularly inspired by the journalistic output of Théophile Gautier and the Gesamtkunstwerk theory of Richard Wagner. In her writings one can also find reflections of Madame de Staël’s Romantic comparatist theory and the classicist “return to the sources” (ad fontes).W artykule poddano analizie felietony Zofii Węgierskiej publikowane w latach 1853–1869 w „Bibliotece Warszawskiej” poświęcone operze. Felietonistka postrzega tę dziedzinę jako syntezę sztuk — teatru, malarstwa, rzeźby, muzyki i literatury. Jej krytyka operowa posługuje się więc terminologią i środkami wyrazu właściwymi dla opisu innych sztuk. W tym względzie dziennikarkę szczególnie inspirują twórczość publicystyczna Théophile’a Gautiera i teoria Gesamtkunstwerk Richarda Wagnera. W felietonach Węgierskiej odnaleźć można także refleksy romantycznej teorii komparatystycznej Madame de Staël i klasycystycznego „powrotu do źródeł” (ad fontes)
W przestrzeni niemieckich nazw własnych: Damaris Nübling (2015): Namen. Eine Einführung in die Onomastik, Tübingen: Narr Studienbücher, wyd. 2, 374 s., ISBN 978-3-8233-6947-9
No full textPornografia w kontekście komunikacji z rynkiem. Rys historyczny do XX wieku
No full textMarket activities in the case of a specific product involve the use of various tools aimed at optimizing the market position. This process, in the case of a shortage market where demand for a given product exceeds supply, is different from that of saturated markets with a high degree of competition. Shaping marketing communication in a planned way, taking into account the macro-environment, is the first step towards optimizing communication channels between the offeror and the customer. The micro-environment, as an element defining communication, is a step towards product maturity and industry professionalization. This approach allows us to identify stages in the product’s life as determinants of its position in the life cycle. The impact of a product such as pornography on culture can only be assessed by analyzing the market environment and the communication tools behind the product. Assuming that changes in the socio-cultural, technological, and legal environment were decisive, it is necessary to examine these aspects in the history of building the success of the product: pornography.Działania w obrębie rynku konkretnego produktu zakładają wykorzystanie różnych narzędzi, których celem jest optymalizacja pozycji rynkowej. Proces ten w przypadku rynku niedoboru, na którym popyt na dany produkt przewyższa podaż, jest inny niż na rynkach nasyconych o wysokim stopniu konkurencyjności. Kształtowanie komunikacji marketingowej w sposób zaplanowany, z uwzględnieniem makrootoczenia, to pierwszy krok do optymalizacji kanałów komunikacji na linii oferent–klient. Mikrootoczenie, jako element definiujący komunikację, to krok na drodze do dojrzałości produktu oraz profesjonalizacji branży. Takie podejście pozwala wskazać na etapy w życiu produktu jako wyznaczniki jego pozycji w cyklu życia. Oddziaływanie produktu, jakim jest pornografia, na kulturę można ocenić jedynie poprzez analizę otoczenia rynkowego i narzędzi komunikacji stojących za produktem. Wychodząc z założenia, że zmiany w otoczeniu społeczno-kulturowym, technologicznym i prawnym były decydujące, należy przyjrzeć się tym aspektom w historii budowania sukcesu produktu, jakim jest pornografia