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Turnt, Trippy, and Tipsy: Video Games, Drugs, and Allo-Ludic Play
No full textThis article offers a flexible method for analyzing drug representations in video games as they map onto lived social realities outside the game with a particular focus on US cultures. While drugs have received ample attention in popular culture studies—especially in film and television studies—game studies has been slow to produce systematic analyses of these important cultural artefacts expressed through the video game medium. Drawing upon Donna Haraway’s cyborg politics and Steven Conway’s ludic framework (with the addition of allo-ludic play), this essay offers game studies scholars a flexible—perhaps even a “turnt”—taxonomy for analyzing the imbrication of virtual drugs inside the game and oppressive, discriminatory, and inequitable conditions of life in America outside the game. Through a brief analysis of stimulants, depressants, and psychedelics in Triple-A and indie games, the essay argues for the importance of studying drugs in video games to understand the complex, intersecting histories of the rise of the video game medium alongside the changeful histories of US drug policies, laws, and enforcement.  
Działalność ojców salwatorianów w Bagnie w latach pięćdziesiątych i sześćdziesiątych XX wieku w kontekście deklarowanej wolności uzewnętrzniania przekonań religijnych w Polsce Ludowej
No full textThe overall approach of the communist authorities toward religious orders in the 1950s and 1960s hinged on the attempt to weave them into the socialist reality of the Polish People’s Republic. Religious orders in the PPR held considerable organizational and personal potential, which meant that they were of interest to both the Episcopate of Poland and the state authorities, and their activities were formed under the distinct influence of the relationship between the state and the Roman Catholic Church. Two periods can be distinguished on the basis of executing different policies of the communist authorities with regard to monastic orders and congregations in Poland: from 1945 to the early 1960s and from the 1960s to the end of 1989.
During the first period (the so-called Stalinist era) monastic orders, much like the Roman Catholic Church, were treated as an enemy of the state. During this period, in the case of the Congregation of Salvatorian Fathers in Bagno, state repression and, at the same time, limitations on their freedom to manifest religious beliefs were enforced through administrative, legal and police measures.
In the second period, the Communist authorities altered their tactics in their dealings with monastic orders. At that time, steps were taken to weaken the episcopate’s influence over monastic orders by attempting to use their autonomy to break up the unity of the Church in Poland.
Up until 1964, the Salvatorian Fathers’ Higher Seminary in Bagno was frequently inspected and required to produce suitable documentation for the authorities. After that, the government made larger-scale attempts to infiltrate the monastery by building a network of secret collaborators. They took advantage of the order’s international missionary activities in particular, forcing or encouraging monks to cooperate with the State in exchange for passports and gaining permission to leave.
In view of this, the policy towards the Salvatorian Fathers’ congregation in Bagno depended on the institution’s loyalty to the State, which also directly translated into its members’ greater freedom to express their religious beliefs, which in the case of this congregation meant, among other things, that they were allowed to educate clerics at the Lower and Higher Seminary and conduct their missionary activities in the spirit of Roman Catholic faith.The overall approach of the communist authorities toward religious orders in the 1950s and 1960s hinged on the attempt to weave them into the socialist reality of the Polish People’s Republic. Religious orders in the PPR held considerable organizational and personal potential, which meant that they were of interest to both the Episcopate of Poland and the state authorities, and their activities were formed under the distinct influence of the relationship between the state and the Roman Catholic Church. Two periods can be distinguished on the basis of executing different policies of the communist authorities with regard to monastic orders and congregations in Poland: from 1945 to the early 1960s and from the 1960s to the end of 1989.
During the first period (the so-called Stalinist era) monastic orders, much like the Roman Catholic Church, were treated as an enemy of the state. During this period, in the case of the Congregation of Salvatorian Fathers in Bagno, state repression and, at the same time, limitations on their freedom to manifest religious beliefs were enforced through administrative, legal and police measures.
In the second period, the Communist authorities altered their tactics in their dealings with monastic orders. At that time, steps were taken to weaken the episcopate’s influence over monastic orders by attempting to use their autonomy to break up the unity of the Church in Poland.
Up until 1964, the Salvatorian Fathers’ Higher Seminary in Bagno was frequently inspected and required to produce suitable documentation for the authorities. After that, the government made larger-scale attempts to infiltrate the monastery by building a network of secret collaborators. They took advantage of the order’s international missionary activities in particular, forcing or encouraging monks to cooperate with the State in exchange for passports and gaining permission to leave.
In view of this, the policy towards the Salvatorian Fathers’ congregation in Bagno depended on the institution’s loyalty to the State, which also directly translated into its members’ greater freedom to express their religious beliefs, which in the case of this congregation meant, among other things, that they were allowed to educate clerics at the Lower and Higher Seminary and conduct their missionary activities in the spirit of Roman Catholic faith
News śledczy a wydarzenie medialne. Reportaż „Franciszkańska 3” — studium przypadku
No full textThe investigative report “Franciszkańska 3” by Marcin Gutowski on TVN about the attitude of Pope John Paul II towards pedophilia in the Catholic Church sparked a national discussion that led to specific behavior in the political and social sphere. The aim of this article is to analyze the phases of the discourse of investigative journalism (the reportage “Franciszkańska 3”), from the publication phase through the mobilization of public opinion, to political and social initiatives in the form of the so-called papal marches. The marches became — according to the typology created by Daniel Dayan and Elihu Katz — a media event in the version of a “coronation”.
In the described case, one of the variants of the abbreviated muckraking model by Molotch, Protess and Gordon was updated in a previously unknown subvariant characterized by a public reaction opposite to that expected by journalists initiating investigative activities. They were largely rejected by the defenders of John Paul II, becoming the axis of the worldview conflict, and causing outrage of a large part of the public opinion and creating a media event in the form of papal marches.Reportaż śledczy Franciszkańska 3 Marcina Gutowskiego w telewizji TVN24 o stosunku papieża Jana Pawła II do pedofilii w Kościele katolickim wywołał ogólnonarodową dyskusję, która doprowadziła do swoistych zachowań w sferze politycznej i społecznej. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza faz dyskursu dziennikarstwa śledczego (reportażu Franciszkańska 3) od fazy publikacji poprzez mobilizację opinii publicznej do inicjatyw polityczno-społecznych w postaci tak zwanych marszy papieskich. Marsze stały się — zgodnie z typologią Daniela Dayana i Elihu Katza — wydarzeniem medialnym w odmianie koronacji.
W opisywanym przypadku nastąpiła aktualizacja jednego z wariantów skróconego modelu muckrakingu autorstwa Harveya Molotcha, Davida L. Protessa i Margaret T. Gordon w nieznanym wcześniej subwariancie charakteryzującym się reakcją opinii publicznej przeciwną do oczekiwanej przez dziennikarzy inicjujących działania śledcze. W dużym stopniu działania te zostały zanegowane przez obrońców Jana Pawła II, stały się osią konfliktu światopoglądowego i wywołały oburzenie znacznej części opinii publicznej oraz wykreowały wydarzenie medialne w postaci marszy papieskich
Book studies in Poland after the Second World War
No full textThe paper presents an overview of research on books and their types conducted after the Second World War by Polish bibliologists. The scholars were mostly interested in academic books, popular books, as well as books for children and young adults. They explored their characteristic features, presented them as elements of the publishing repertoire and of serial publications, and discussed their development in various periods. Less interesting to them were the structure and typology of books. In recent years, studies devoted to electronic books as objects of bibliological research have begun to appear. Research on books and their types is also conducted by scholars from other disciplines: historians, historians of literature and historians of education. Their findings are also of interest to bibliologists.The paper presents an overview of research on books and their types conducted after the Second World War by Polish bibliologists. The scholars were mostly interested in academic books, popular books, as well as books for children and young adults. They explored their characteristic features, presented them as elements of the publishing repertoire and of serial publications, and discussed their development in various periods. Less interesting to them were the structure and typology of books. In recent years, studies devoted to electronic books as objects of bibliological research have begun to appear. Research on books and their types is also conducted by scholars from other disciplines: historians, historians of literature and historians of education. Their findings are also of interest to bibliologists
Feministyczne sploty włókien — potencjał wspólnototwórczy w działaniach artystycznych w obszarze tkaniny
Get PDFThe article is organised around Olive Schreiner’s question paraphrased by the author: “has a pen or pencil ever been as bonding as a needle?” The aim is to consider the community-building potential of the textile medium as well as practices related to it (embroidery, patchwork). It can be achieved through the analysis of three selected artistic activities. Thus, the article recognizes the subversive nature of activities that use fabric for equality-related purposes, as well as a means for the emancipation of marginalized groups.Artykuł zorganizowany jest wokół sparafrazowanego przez autorkę pytania Olive Schreiner: „czy pióro lub ołówek kiedykolwiek były tak spajające jak igła?”. Celem jest rozważenie zarówno wspólnototwórczego potencjału medium tkaniny, jak i praktyk z nią związanych (haft, patchwork). Na jego zrealizowanie pozwala analiza trzech wybranych działań artystycznych: projektu Stara Miłosna Kobiet, transparentu Haftu Okupacyjnego Kolektywu Złote Rączki i twórczości Małgorzaty Mirgi-Tas. Tym samym w artykule rozpoznany zostaje subwersywny charakter działań wykorzystujących tkaninę w celach równościowych i emancypacyjnych grup wykluczonych
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on local government cultural institutions – the productivity of theatres
No full textThe new reality has led us to investigate the changes in productivity in public cultural institutions. The research describes the pandemic period in the theatre sector. We are investigating whether productivity changes occurred and which indicator affected them. We hypothesize that the productivity index in 2020 was most dependent on the technological change. We use the Malmiqusit index to show changes in productivity between 2011–2020. Our results seem to fully reflect the pandemic reality when the technological factor was of crucial importance. However, we would like to point out that technological growth alone does not bring satisfactory results in terms of productivity growth. Properly coordinated actions are also necessary for the broadly understood activities of the theatre. Depending on the organization, the impact of digital technologies may differ. The use of technology alone is not sufficient to achieve an increase in the productivity of the organization.The new reality has led us to investigate the changes in productivity in public cultural institutions. The research describes the pandemic period in the theatre sector. We are investigating whether productivity changes occurred and which indicator affected them. We hypothesize that the productivity index in 2020 was most dependent on the technological change. We use the Malmiqusit index to show changes in productivity between 2011–2020. Our results seem to fully reflect the pandemic reality when the technological factor was of crucial importance. However, we would like to point out that technological growth alone does not bring satisfactory results in terms of productivity growth. Properly coordinated actions are also necessary for the broadly understood activities of the theatre. Depending on the organization, the impact of digital technologies may differ. The use of technology alone is not sufficient to achieve an increase in the productivity of the organization
O sztuce i formie towarowej
Get PDFA translation of the substantial introduction to Nicholas Brown’s book Autonomy. The Social Ontology of Art under Capitalism. At the starting point of his reflections, the author places the obvious observation that a contemporary work of art is, in principle, also a commodity, that is, it functions or may begin to function on the market in a similar way to the rest of commodities. As a counter to what he sees as the dominant aesthetic ideology of modernity, i.e., equating the work of art with all other commodities, Brown is interested in whether we can establish some inalienable (not reducible to differences of viewpoints, opinions, etc.) ontological difference between the work of art and all the rest of the products circulating on the market, between the work of art and the capitalist commodity. As he argues after Marx, Hegel reinterpreting Kant and Walter Benn Michaels, the element that allows us to distinguish a work of art from the rest of commodities is its meaning, which is the same as the intention of its author and could not be equated with the use value. This account of the difference between a work of art and a commodity then allows Brown to defend the understanding of aesthetic autonomy that is central to his book.Przekład obszernego wstępu do książki Nicholasa Browna Autonomy. The Social Ontology of Art under Capitalism. W punkcie wyjścia swoich rozważań badacz umieszcza oczywistą obserwację, że współcześnie dzieło sztuki co do zasady jest również towarem, czyli funkcjonuje lub może zacząć funkcjonować na rynku w podobny sposób, co reszta towarów. W kontrze do tego, co uznaje za dominującą ideologię estetyczną współczesności, czyli zrównywania dzieła ze wszystkimi innymi towarami, Browna interesuje to, czy między dziełem sztuki a całą resztą produktów cyrkulujących na rynku, między dziełem a kapitalistycznym towarem, możemy stwierdzić jakąś niezbywalną (niesprowadzalną do różnic punktów widzenia, opinii itp.) ontologiczną różnicę. Jak przekonuje za Marksem, Heglem, Kantem oraz Walterem Bennem Michaelsem, tym czymś, co pozwala odróżnić dzieło sztuki od reszty towarów, jest jego znaczenie, tożsame z intencją jego autora, którego nie sposób sprowadzić do wartości użytkowej. Takie ujęcie różnicy między dziełem sztuki a towarem pozwala następnie Brownowi bronić centralnego dla jego książki rozumienia autonomii estetycznej
Francuski atom a kapitał symboliczny Bourdieu
Get PDFThis article proposes interpreting the process of France’s nuclearisation between 1945 and 1980 through the lens of Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of symbolic capital. The first part of the text describes the origins of the French nuclear project and explains its prestigious nature. It highlights the dual military and civilian uses of nuclear technology, as well as its relationship to the colonial political order. The second part of the text identifies and analyses the discursive strategies used to legitimise the symbolic capital of nuclear projects. The text points to the cognitive mechanisms that construct the recognition of the nuclear industry. In the next step, the juxtaposition of Martin Denoun’s research findings with Bourdieu’s theory allows to explain the relationship between visions of the future and the process of legitimising action. The summary proposed in the last part of the article allows commenting on Bourdieu’s theory itself.Artykuł jest propozycją odczytania procesu nuklearyzacji Francji w latach 1945–1980 przez pryzmat pojęcia kapitału symbolicznego Pierre’a Bourdieu. Pierwsza część tekstu opisuje genezę francuskiego projektu atomowego i tłumaczy jego prestiżowy charakter. Podkreśla podwójne, militarne i cywilne, zastosowanie technologii jądrowej, a także jej związek z kolonialnym porządkiem politycznym. W drugiej części zidentyfikowane i zanalizowane zostają dyskursywne strategie przyczyniające się do legitymizacji kapitału symbolicznego nuklearnych projektów. Tekst wskazuje poznawcze schematy, które budują uznanie branży jądrowej. W kolejnym kroku zestawienie wyników badań Martina Denoun z teorią Bourdieu pozwala na wytłumaczenie związku między wizjami przyszłości a procesem uprawomocniania działania przemysłu nuklearnego. Podsumowanie zaproponowane w ostatniej części artykułu pozwala na skomentowanie samej teorii Bourdieu
Miłość i wojna, czyli historia stara jak świat w „Amores” II 12 Owidiusza
Get PDFThe article contains a translation into Polish and an analysis of Ovid’s elegy Amores II 12, which deals with the theme of the similarity between love and war — a recurring motif in his oeuvre. The poet finds justification for his own romantic conquests in tradition, as he refers to a number of legendary kidnappings of women that resulted in wars. With typical self-irony, however, he emphasizes that his own victories are more praiseworthy than those won by mythical heroes, as his triumphs were individual and bloodless.The article contains a translation into Polish and an analysis of Ovid’s elegy Amores II 12, which deals with the theme of the similarity between love and war — a recurring motif in his oeuvre. The poet finds justification for his own romantic conquests in tradition, as he refers to a number of legendary kidnappings of women that resulted in wars. With typical self-irony, however, he emphasizes that his own victories are more praiseworthy than those won by mythical heroes, as his triumphs were individual and bloodless