CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Dlaczego warto badać heraldykę w literaturze fantasy (i jak wykorzystać do tego warsztat przekładoznawczy)?
No full textMany fantasy works utilize heraldic motifs: not only individual coats of arms and their bearers, but also the seeds of heraldic systems and elements of the language of blazoning. They usually imitate the heraldry of medieval and modern Europe, but radically simplify it, eliminating even such basic rules as a limited number of tinctures and the principle of alternation. The analysis of seven fantasy cycles set in the realities stylized on the Middle Ages (The Once and Future King, the legendarium of J.R.R. Tolkien, Lyonesse, Discworld, Memory, Sorrow and Thorn, The Wheel of Time, A Song of Ice and Fire) shows that the basic functions of heraldic motifs in these works are the axiological determination of the presented world and social commentary. A significant reduction or extension of the number of people entitled to wear a coat of arms may serve to represent a relatively egalitarian society; extensive heraldic systems with elements of correct blazoning most often have a satirical function. Heraldic elements are very often particularly difficult for translators. The reasons for these difficulties include: the lack of a single coherent Polish blazoning language, the incompatibility of Polish and English heraldry and untranslatable heraldic terminology. Omitting or syntagmatic translation of English blazoning can lead to distortion of the text, introduction of inconsistencies, obliteration of satirical commentary or references to the real world. With several examples, I demonstrate how translation errors in passages containing heraldic motifs (or situations in which it is impossible to find an exact equivalent) cause the picture of the world presented in translation to differ from the original text
Pop-sypte mu hrachu, budete bez strachu — Jánošík ako popkultúrny fenomén
No full textThe study presents Juraj Jánošík, a folk national hero and iconic folklore figure in the widest possible pop culture context as practically the only original Slovak pop culture phenomenon. It offers a historicizing cross-section of the diverse representations of Jánošík within the traditional artistic modes that canonize Jánošík, but predominantly focuses on treatments that shift and reinterpret the Jánošík myth almost to the point of complete emptiness, in the sense that Jánošík no longer functions as a semantically polyfunctional symbol within their framework. In chronological order, the study offers an overview of high and profane literary works dedicated to Jánošík, devotes a substantial part to Jánošík as a defi ning element of Slovak cinema, but also presents other models of adaptations in which Jánošík appears as a character in television shows, a musical hero, or a functional comic (super) hero
Others in My Aging (Confronting de Beauvoir, Malabou, and Heidegger to Make Sense of Aging)
No full textAfter a critical analysis of Simone de Beauvoir’s and Catherine Malabou’s accounts of aging, the paper offers an alternative to them. In contrast to de Beauvoir and Malabou, it explores the actual share of other beings, both human and non-human, in one’s aging. The paper employs the Heideggerian ontological framework and his concepts of “bodying” and gesture to argue that changes induced by others do not damage or contaminate one’s being but allow the disclosure of someone’s particularity in its undefinable character
Transformacje paradygmatu prawa i gospodarki. Trzy tezy prof. S. Sołtysińskiego vs. uwagi uaktualniające i polemiczne
Get PDFThis paper discusses the issue of paradigm shifts in law and economy. It can be observed that liberal democracy within the framework of a social free market economy is undergoing trend changes. Extraordinary transformations in relations in a global perspective identified as crisis situations are changing the directions of understanding the function of law as a tool for shaping the economy. The paradigm of state interventionism in the economy is becoming apparent. The purpose of the article is to verify the hypotheses through the prism of regulation as evidence confirming or contradicting them. The conclusions support the hypothesis of increasing state involvement in the processes of the economy during an extraordinary change of circumstances. Three theses of Prof. Sołtysiński were used to verify the hypothesis.Tematem niniejszej pracy jest problematyka transformacji paradygmatu w prawie i gospodarce. Zaobserwować można, że demokracja liberalna w ramach społecznej gospodarki wolnorynkowej ulega zmianom trendowym. Nadzwyczajne zmiany stosunków w perspektywie globalnej identyfikowane jako sytuacje kryzysowe zmieniają kierunki rozumienia funkcji prawa jako narzędzia kształtowania gospodarki. Widoczny staje się paradygmat interwencjonizmu państwa w gospodarkę. Celem artykułu jest zweryfikowanie hipotezy przez pryzmat regulacji jako dowodów potwierdzających ich słuszność bądź zaprzeczających im. Wnioski potwierdzają hipotezę o wzroście zaangażowania państwa w procesy gospodarcze w czasie nadzwyczajnej zmiany okoliczności. Do zweryfikowania hipotezy posłużyły trzy tezy prof. S. Sołtysińskiego
Siła procesu. Analiza wpływu strategicznej litygacji na prawo międzynarodowe w kontekście sprawy „Kadic v. Karadžić”
Get PDFThis article is an attempt to discuss the influence of strategic litigation on the practice of the international law, based on the example of trial Kadic v. Karadžić, which referred to repercussions of the Bosnian civil war. The author begins her deliberations with a brief historical outline of the development of the international law (more precisely, the law of war), with special regard to the concept of genocide. Next, the author analyzes the concept of sexual violence and its use in the context of armed conflicts. Pointing to certain regularities in the international law author analyzes the phenomena of the so-called “male perspective on rights.” In the next part of the article, the author introduces the context and the actual state of the Kadic v. Karadžić case. In the last part of the article, based on the concept of strategic litigation, the author analyzes the strategic nature of the Kadic v. Karadžić trial.Artykuł jest próbą omówienia wpływu strategicznej litygacji na praktykę prawno- międzynarodową na przykładzie procesu Kadic v. Karadžić, dotyczącego reperkusji bośniackiej wojny domowej. Autorka rozpoczyna rozważania od krótkiego rysu historycznego rozwoju prawa międzynarodowego (a dokładniej — prawa wojennego), ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pojęcia ludobójstwa. Następnie analizuje pojęcie przemocy seksualnej oraz jej wykorzystywanie w kontekście konfliktów zbrojnych. Wskazując na pewne prawidłowości w prawodawstwie międzynarodowym, autorka dokonuje analizy zjawiska tak zwanej męskiej perspektywy praw. W kolejnej części przybliża kontekst oraz stan faktyczny sprawy Kadic v. Karadžić. W ostatniej części artykułu, opierając się na pojęciu strategicznej litygacji, autorka dokonuje analizy strategicznego charakteru procesu Kadic v. Karadžić
Rola oświadczeń politycznych w implementacji amerykańskiej polityki promowania demokracji w Iraku
No full textAlong with the enactment of the Iraq Liberation Act in 1998, the US authorities has intensified its efforts for democracy promotion in Iraq, using various methods (negative and positive) and instruments (including military, economic, political). The article analyzes the political statements released by the US government in the context of the Iraqi authorities. The analysis covers the period of 1998–2017, largely referring to the rule of three White House administrations — Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Barack Obama, due to the fact that during this period the US government used (to varying degrees) political statements with the purpose of impacting political change in Iraq, including the political system and the formation of the government. The article addresses the following research questions: what impact have the US government’s political statements had on political transition in Iraq? Can statements be an effective tool in the implementation of the democracy promotion policies abroad? The research process focuses on verifying the thesis that the political statements of the different White House administrations formulated in the context of the Iraqi authorities had not only an informative function, but also a propaganda, persuasion and pressure function, effectively influencing the political change process in this country. The results of the conducted analysis indicate that political statements can be an effective policy tool for promoting democracy, exerting a significant influence on the political process in another country. In conclusion, it was emphasized that it is not insignificant with this case study that the addressees were the authorities of a country that is described as a hegemon, which significantly affects the possibilities and scope of influence of the United States of America on the international system
Pamięć o przeszłości jako uzasadnienie decyzji kluczowych dla teraźniejszości. O zmaganiach Łotwy z Tatjaną Żdanok i Tatjany Żdanok z państwem łotewskim
No full textThe present article outlines the conflict between the representative of the pro-Kremlin part of the Russian minority in Latvia and the local political community. The case will be presented in the broader context of the problems that emerge due to the constitutionalisation of new democratic communities after the fall of communism, the issues of the rule of law together, with questions of its unlimited inclusiveness. By discussing the case of Tatiana Zhdanok in a broad socio-political and historical context, it will be possible to reflect on Central European dilemmas concerning the values considered to be leading within the political community
Udział prokuratora w procesie cywilnym w okresie stalinizmu (1945–1956)
No full textThis article deals with the participation of the prosecutor in the civil trial during the Stalinist period. The article analyzes the various forms of participation of the prosecutor with special attention to his procedural position. The article also addresses the rationale for the prosecutor’s participation and the consequences associated with it. As a result of the changes introduced in 1950, the institution of the prosecutor gained new powers, which were introduced into the Code of Civil Procedure. The study also refers to the influence of Soviet law on Polish law and the expansion of the scope of the prosecutor’s activity at the level of litigation
„Wrocław. Escape Room” — groza w teatrze lalek dla dorosłych
No full textThe article concerns the graduation puppet performance Wrocław: Escape Room, directed by Arkadiusz Buszko from the National Academy of Theatre Arts in Kraków at the Puppetry Department in Wrocław. The narrative of the performance is set in post-apocalyptic Wrocław, and the heroes are historic figures connected with this city at various stages of their lives. An analysis of the performance, with particular emphasis on the role and form of puppets, animated objects and costumes, made it possible to assess how the staging concepts of the creators contributed to the horror effect and how they influenced the presentation of the characters. The authors of the Wrocław diploma piece utilized the puppets’ potential for formal transformations in creating characteristic, fascinating, but also quite frightening puppets and costumes made of fragments of mannequins. Therefore, the analysis of the elements of the performance was supplemented with considerations on the mannequins and their role in the theatre. The second category that is significant for the interpretation of the performance is the notion of a monster. Research on the perception of monsters in culture proved to be helpful, as it allowed for reading the characters of the performance through the lens of monstrosity