CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
Not a member yet
16863 research outputs found
Sort by
„Thia Sinensis” Pierre’a Petita. Przekład wybranych fragmentów siedemnastowiecznego poematu o herbacie
No full textThe aim of this paper is to present Polish translation of selected fragments of the Latin didactic epic poem Thia Sinenis composed by Pierre Petit, a 17th-century French scholar. The poem is an interesting example of the neolatin texts that introduce the subject of exotic beverages such as tea, coffee and cacao and might be investigated as a valuable source of the reception of distant cultures in the 17th-century Europe
Sztuczna inteligencja a niebezpieczeństwo „inteligentnego” totalitaryzmu
No full textThe aim o the article is to consider the potential influence of artificial intelligence on thedevelopment of intelligent totalitarianism. The enhancement of surveillance and monitoring is one of the most important applications of artificial intelligence. The transformative power of artificial intelligence, however, is associated not only with the promised advantages in terms of development opportunities in many areas of economic and social life, but also with problems related, among others, to the loss of privacy. The dangerous power of mass surveillance, therefore, does not reside only in the totalitarian regimes of the past. In particular, the emergence of artificial intelligence has the potential to lead to intelligent totalitarianism as being particularly effective in enforcing its ideological vision preventing internal and external threats to its power by utilizing this modern technology
Ideologiczne i prawne podstawy tworzenia systemu pracy w pierwszych miesiącach istnienia Polski Ludowej
No full textIn Marxist ideology, work was one of the fundamental ideas. It formed an important element of the basis of the entire system of views, as well as the socio-economic system built on its basis. This position was taken over by the Polish communists who, with the publication of the PKWN Manifesto, began their march for power in post-war Poland. In their conception of the system of people’s democracy, work took the central place of the new axiological order. The aim of the article is to present the relationship between the idea of work contained in the ideology and program of Polish communists and the law-making activity defining the principles of performing work in the early period of the existence of People’s Poland
Zakłady opieki zdrowotnej w czasach PRL (dygresja do monografii)
No full textAfter the Second World War, at the time of totalitarian government in Poland, the health care of Polish people was taken care of by the socialist authorities, obviously in a planned and centralized manner. However, the need of citizens for medical assistance was outside the plan. A network of social health care institutions and the Minster of Health was entrusted with most of the duties from this field of the socialist economic plan. Standardisation of employment and payment was introduced. The aim of this article is to present the rules of health care system functioning in a totalitarian country under the control of the society and to examine if the capacity of the new system was sufficient enough to meet the needs of the society and whether social resources were rationally allocated, according to the system’s assumptions. The article complements the research that was published in the monograph by Anna Ćwiąkała-Małys Anna, Małgorzata Durbajło-Mrowiec, Paweł Łagowski; Diagnostyka efektywności wykorzystania zasobów lecznictwa szpitalnego. The research was conducted with the usage of qualitative, comparative and praxeological method
Faszyzm w ujęciu Antoniego Derynga
No full textA heated discussion regarding Italian fascism and German national socialism is still ongoing. Views of columnists and politicians voiced in the period of creation of these ideologies are often studied in this context. On the other hand, the views of lawyers on the matter at hand are references considerably less, even though those presented by constitutionalists and experts in international law are often of considerable interest. This article was devoted to author and lawyer of undisputed renown, Professor Antoni Deryng, whose works significantly contributed to the study of international and constitutional law, and in particular to the emerging Italian fascism. The article offers a brief characterization of Antoni Deryng and his scholarly achievements as well as an analysis of the diagnosis of fascism that he presented in his work “Faszyzm a ustrój Włoch współczesnych” [Fascism and the political system contemporary Italy] published in 1937. The sources of this study include archival material obtained during study visits in the Archive of The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin. This work also relies on scholarly texts, including those authored by Prof. Antoni Deryng. In this context, a historical and retrospective approach that takes into account the issues discussed in the contemporary perspective is applied
O potrzebie utrzymania przepisu art. 256 § 3 k.k.
No full textThis study concerns the issue of exclusion of criminal responsibility for an offence under Article 256 § 2 of the Penal Code. The article analyses the prerequisites for the application of the justification normalized in Article 256 § 3 of the Penal Code. Critical assessments of this provision in the criminal law literature and calls for its repeal are also presented. The main reservation is related to the fact that it is not possible to commit an offence under Article 256 § 2 of the Penal Code within the framework of artistic, educational, collecting or scientific activities, because the perpetrator in such a case does not act with the aim of disseminating prohibited content, and above all does not propagate totalitarian systems. In this situation, the provision of Article 256 § 3 of the Penal Code appears to be unnecessary. However, the author of this study has attempted to demonstrate if an offence can be construed as a component of such types of activity, it falls under Article 256 § 2 of the Penal Code. This leads to the conclusion that the regulation contained in Article 256 § 3 of the Penal Code is needed in the Polish legal order
Giganty, remonty i stracone nadzieje. Szkic o kinach wrocławskich w latach 1960–1975
No full textThe article describes the most important cinemas in Wroclaw and their activities in the 1960s and 1970s, outlining technical, renovation, and repertoire problems. The most important cinema in Wroclaw was Śląsk, which in the mid 1960s began to share its premises with the Lower Silesian Operetta. The Warszawa cinema building, closed in 1968 and built from scratch, took over as the city’s main cinema when it opened in 1976. The largest Cinema was the Gigant in the People’s Hall, where acoustic and technical conditions were improved with subsequent renovations.
The cinema base was enriched with neighborhood cinemas — both state and union-owned, but these were closed due to delayed repertoire and deteriorating technical conditions. The plans of the Presidium of the National Council of the City of Wroclaw called for the construction of new cinemas: both in Śródmieście and in other districts, but the projects were not realised due to financial restraints
The Alpine landscape experienced by train: Peter Rosegger and Heimito von Doderer’s mountain people
No full textThe construction of railways made the mountains accessible to urban society in the age of industrialisation. The construction of the world’s first high mountain railway, the Semmering Railway, was followed by the development of Alpine summer resorts for tourists, very close to Vienna. Texts of the two Austrian writers Peter Rosegger (1843–1918) and Heimito von Doderer (1896–1966) offer the op- portunity to approach the people and their relationship to the mountains and the Semmering Railway. The analysis explores the questions: How did Rosegger experience the development of the mountains by the railway? How do Rosegger and Doderer’s travellers on the train experience the mountains? How do Rosegger and Doderer describe the people who came to Semmering because of the railway?
Rosegger impressively describes his first journey on the Semmering Railway, which opened the door to the world for him. He highlights the importance of observing nature from the train. He is critical of the development of the tourist settlements on the Semmering. In the texts by Rosegger and Doderer, the travellers on the train provide different insights into the fascination that emanates from the mountains. The urban society that arrived at the Semmering with the railway felt itself to have come closer to the mountains; the locals probably always perceived them as urban people
The end of the colonial age in the Himalayas
No full textAn exceptional class of mountain people has emerged in recent years among the indigenous inhabitants of the highland regions of Asia. Since the 17th century, the local mountain dwellers were hired by Westerners to serve on exploratory expeditions as porters and pack animal drivers. The best among them worked as high-altitude porters in climbing expeditions to the highest peaks of Himalaya and Karakoram, where they gained mountaineering experience and technical skills. As residents of high-altitude settlements experienced in pastoral and hunting activities in the surrounding mountains, they had a natural physical advantage over Westerners. However, for many years, they only served as low-paid labourers. Their subservient mentality inherited from colonial times and a lack of confidencein their own abilities served as obstacles to social advancement. However, they managed to overcome this! Currently, local mountain dwellers have taken complete control of high-altitude tourism.
When I returned to the Asian mountains after thirty years, I was delighted to observe these changes. The process varies in different regions I visited—Nepal, the Indian Himalaya, the western Pakistani Karakoram, and Xinjiang—but the trend is the same everywhere. Local agencies, led by local leaders, are responsible now for organizing treks and mountaineering expeditions to the highest peaks, rather than Western companies. Their clients are not only foreigners but also the country’s residents—Nepalese and Indians in the Himalaya and Pakistanis in the Karakoram. Only in Xinjiang are the Chinese not visible. The small agencies, employing a few local guides, compete with each other and cooperate at the same time by hiring porters and carriers, creating a local mountain people’s community. The crème de la crème of this community consists of high-altitude guides who have become independent climbers increasingly active in their own and foreign mountains. They organize exploratory and sports expeditions funded by foreign clients or sponsoring companies. This process went unnoticed by self-confident Western Himalayan climbers. Sport expeditions described their successes without mentioning the involvement of high-altitude porters, and commercial expedition clients boasted about their ascents to eight-thousanders, not even mentioning the names of the Sherpas who guided them there. The impressive style of the winter ascent of K2 by a group of ten Nepalis surprised the mountaineering world. It resulted, however, in attempts to downplay their success
From the “Rose without Thorns to Zosia and Franek’s Adventure in the Tatras”: Memory and consciousness of the mountain landscape in knowledge compendia for children
No full textThe first compendia of knowledge about the Tatra mountains addressed to child readers emerged at the beginning of the 20th century. The most important authors in this genre include Bohdan Dyakowski, Jadwiga Roguska-Cybulska and Zofia Urbanowska. According to Pola Kuleczka, her works are characterized by “a tendency to combine the pattern of an adventure story with an encyclopedic-informative layer.” Two recent publications, Tatry. Przewodnik dla małych i dużych [The Tatras: A Guidebook for the Travellers Big and Small] (B. Gawryluk, P. Skawiński, Kraków 2021) or TOPR. Tatrzańska przygoda Zosi i Franka [TOPR: Zosia and Franek’s Adventure in the Tatras] (B. Sabała-Zielińska, Warszawa 2022) can be perceived as a sign of a re-emergence of this genre. Their popularity shows that these peculiar repositories of knowledge associated with the Tatra region are in constant demand, although they form and the goals set for them change over time. This article presents the history of the Tatra-knowledge compendia for children and their functions, particularly as transmitters of memory. The analysis encompasses some of the most important works in this subgenre of children’s literature in order to discuss different aspects of memory in the works discussed