CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Autocratic legalism in the perspective of the role of judges in societies of new democracies
No full textThe advent of autocratic legalism prompts the presentation of the role of judges in societies of new democracies. The recommended proposal modifies the vision of judges as guardians of the law with an educational-democratic component, in which judges also become interpreters of the law. This article offers a presentation of this proposal. It will commence in two stages. The first is a reconstructive and interpretative process. Its aim is to present autocratic legalism and then, in its light, the problem of the abusive judicial review. The second one is of a normative nature, i.e. a presentation of the social role of judges. In this proposal, judges can be assigned three moral obligations: a) to protect the democratic system, b) to improve legal standards and public institutions when they are dysfunctional, and c) to educate the citizenry, with a particular emphasis on human rights. A primary argument in favour of such a role for judges is the strengthening of civil society as an important safeguard against autocratic rule. The context for the findings presented in this paper is the current constitutional crisis in the Polish legal order. However, empirical documentation does not determine the research methodology in the presented article. In it, I pursue an approach that can be described as “doing philosophy historically.
Ideologia „versus” pragmatyzm — polityka władz wobec wrocławskiego rzemiosła w latach 1945–1950
No full textWith the end of World War II, Poland found itself in the sphere of influence of the Soviet Union, which resulted in the construction of a totalitarian state controlling not only political life, but also interfering in the social and economic sphere. At the same time, the change of borders caused the authorities to face the problem of developing the Western and Northern Territories annexed to Poland. Simultaneous implementation of two assumed opposite goals, i.e. the reconstruction of economic life in new lands and the implementation of the model of centrally planned economy without the participation of the private sector, was impossible. The aim of this article is to answer the questions about the attitude of the then authorities to Wrocław craftsmanship. Did the authorities prioritize pragmatism over ideology in the first years after the war, or was the idea of building a totalitarian state always treated as a priority, and the private sector considered a „necessary evil” that should be tolerated, at least temporarily? Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that in the first post-war years the authorities were pragmatic and willing to tolerate a weak private sector. Nevertheless, the ideological goal has always been evident in the conduct of the authorities. The hostile attitude of the government towards the private sector meant that it could not develop, and only remained on the margins of the main economic life both in Wrocław and in the whole country
Reforma rolna — współczesne zagadnienia stosowania prawa
No full textThe decree of the Polish Committee of National Liberation of September 6, 1944 on the implementation of agrarian reform was one of the normative acts fundamentally shaping the previous system of “people’s democracy”, but also, in its multiple effects, is also important for the contemporary social relations of a democratic state of law. Pursuant to paragraph 5 of the regulation on the execution of the decree on the implementation of agrarian reform, the competence of public administration bodies to decide, by way of an administrative decision, whether a given property falls under the provisions of article 2 section 1 letter e of the agrarian reform decree was established only in relation to a specific group of land properties. In this area, the executive power bodies are entrusted with public law competence to decide on the legal situation of an individual in this respect. Basically, the application of public law, including regulations regarding agrarian reform, was not subject to judicial control to the necessary extent during the period of the Polish People’s Republic. For obvious reasons, the protection of the rights of owners whose real estate was taken over for the purposes of agrarian reform was marginalized or even excluded. Only the restitution of the administrative judiciary opened up new possibilities in this field. Nowadays, the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal emphasizes that the reliability and efficiency of operation of public institu- tions, in particular those institutions that were created to implement and protect the rights guaranteed by the Constitution, are values that have a constitutional rank. The importance of the principle of reliability and efficiency of operation — in relation to the courts — according to the Constitutional Tribunal is expressed in particular in the fact that the justice system (courts) is to implement, broadly speaking, the two most important constitutional guidelines, namely to ensure the reliability and efficiency of the courts as public institutions. Therefore, the position of the Supreme Administrative Court should ultimately be considered fully accurate, that in matters of agricultural reform submitted to public administration bodies for adjudication pursuant to paragraph 5, section 1 of the regulation, currently — in the conditions of a democratic state of law — there is a possibility of two-instance adjudication in administrative proceedings, as well as judicial review of these decisions through two-instance administrative court proceedings, which fully meets the constitutional requirements and current European standards
Likwidacja Prokuratorii Generalnej Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w 1951 roku — efekt sowietyzacji systemu prawnego w Polsce Ludowej
No full textThe explosion II of the world war made impossible the kelter of the Office of the Attorney of the Republic of Poland. The end of the war permitted the Office of the Attorney of the Republic of Poland to resume the activity. Under the management of the new President of the Office of the Attorney of the Republic of Poland of Jerzy Polamin the office worked to 1951 the year. Communist authorities for new concerning ideas of the political system of the state decided to do away the Office of the Attorney of the Republic of Poland and to charge the protection of the law the property of State to legal advisers working in government-institutions. The aim of this study is to presents key assumptions had communist authorities heading to liquidation of the Office of the Attorney of the Republic of Poland due to the progressive Sovietization of the legal system in People`s Poland. The changes in the state system were so important that they ultimately in the liquidation of the Office of the Attorney of the Republic of Poland and forced legal services for the state`s property interests to be based on principles completely different from the previous ones. The article is based primarily on archival materials subject to analysis and criticism
Wybrane przestrzenie Wrocławia jako reprezentacje emocji i nośniki nowych znaczeń — studium trzech przypadków
No full textThe aim of the article is to present how Wrocław is represented in movies and television series, especially in terms of showing specific elements of architecture. It is also important how cultural and metaphorical meanings of these spaces and elements can influence interpretation and (which is equally significant) what impact it can have on the viewer. The article also analyzes specific examples and scenes in terms of both plot and form in which the architectural spaces of the city can be a background for action, a manifestation of the fight for freedom or representation of fantastic element from the dystopian future
Kulturowy portret Ślązaków w tryptyku śląskim Kazimierza Kutza
No full textThe article focuses on Kazimierz Kutz’s vision of Silesians shown in tryptyk śląski (Silesian triptych). The author aims to grasp and analyze how the director perceives and depicts people of Silesia in his three most known films concerning this region. Furthermore, he takes a comparative approach, confronting the director’s vision with historical data and the views of other people interested in the identity of Silesians. Two aspects are crucial in this article: how Kutz shows Silesians in his films and why he shows them in that manner. Often however, the director’s vision is inconsistent with historical facts
Alicji Helman „opus magnum”. Rec. Alicja Helman, „Miłosierdzie szatana. Adaptacje audiowizualne powieści i nowel Tomasza Manna”, Wydawnictwo Centrum Studiów Niemieckich i Europejskich im. Willy’ego Brandta Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Wrocław 2022, s. 823
No full textAlicja Helman’s book on audiovisual adaptations of Thomas Mann’s prose holds a special place in her scholarly output. According to the reviewer, it is her magnum opus. This is supported primarily by the rank and scope of the issues taken up by the author, as well as the store of erudition that serves the indefatigable scholar to illume and in turn, delve into some of the greatest works of European and world literature. The uniqueness of Helman’s book is reflected as much in the precise construction of arguments that all twenty chapters present as in the title, borrowed from Mann himself. Thanks to the author’s writing finesse and attention to detail, the reader can come as it were face to face with such promethean figures of world culture as Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Wagner, Goethe, and Visconti
De kathedraal van Antwerpen als een ‘spel van zinne’
No full textThe article reviews the latest book by Wendy Wauters De geuren van de kathedraal. De overweldigende 16de eeuw in Antwerpen. The author analyses the sacred space of the Gothic cathedral (full of art objects) through the possible experience of a common churchgoer in the 16th century. This historical book, intended for a broad audience, is based on the author’s doctoral thesis. Wauters uses historical anecdotes, presented in chronological order, to guide the reader through the history of the church, the city, and the reconstruction of the multisensory experience. The author’s literary style renders the imagined experience of the late-medieval church easily accessible to readers. The book challenges the common understandings of Gothic architecture: it introduces the idea of the Gothic church as a ‘memory palace’ (geheugenpaleis) instead of the Gesamtkunstwerk. The research method of Wauters leans on the ‘lived religion-approach’ but also includes other contemporary movements such as animal studies or the study of medievalism
W poszukiwaniu straconego czasu… i sonat skrzypcowych z czasów Marcela Prousta
No full textMarcel Proust, a connoisseur of music and a sensitive listener, an admirer of Fauré, Franck, and Wagner, created a world of sounds in his works — sounds that can be felt, heard and savored. The musical components blend perfectly with other elements, sometimes creating a background, at other times coming to the forefront. The famous “la petite phrase de la sonate de Vinteuil” becomes a symbol of Swann’s love and one of the leading motifs of the entire novel. It carries a wealth of meanings, intensifies the protagonist’s emotions and evokes the atmosphere of Parisian musical life. At the same time it raises a question: What sonatas were being played in Paris during Proust’s time? What could the writer have heard in the concert hall and in his own salon? What sounds stimulated his imagination and contributed to the image of the ideal “Vinteuil’s sonata?” The article invites readers on a journey following the footsteps of French composers from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, whose music inspired Marcel Proust. Readers are encouraged to listen to the violin sonatas indicated in the text. The music of César Franck and his students is characterized by emotionalism, changes in moods, transformation of musical material and the recurrence of earlier themes. It provides a valuable context for reading Proust, inviting immersion in the sound world that surrounded him.Marcel Proust, znawca muzyki i wrażliwy słuchacz, wielbiciel Faurégo, Francka i Wagnera, wykreował w swojej powieści świat dźwiękowy, który można poczuć, usłyszeć i posmakować. Muzyczne komponenty doskonale współgrają z innymi składnikami, niekiedy tworząc tło, innym razem wysuwając się na pierwszy plan. Słynna „mała fraza sonaty Vinteuila” staje się symbolem miłości Swanna, a zarazem jednym z motywów przewodnich całej powieści. Niesie w sobie bogactwo znaczeń, potęguje emocje bohatera, ewokuje atmosferę paryskiego życia muzycznego. Jednocześnie wywołuje pytania: Jakie sonaty były grywane w Paryżu w czasach Prousta? Co mógł usłyszeć pisarz w sali koncertowej i we własnym salonie? Jakie dźwięki pobudziły jego wyobraźnię i złożyły się na obraz idealnej „sonaty Vinteuila”? Artykuł zaprasza w podróż śladami kompozytorów francuskich przełomu XIX i XX wieku, których muzyka inspirowała Marcela Prousta. Czytelnik zachęcany jest do słuchania sonat skrzypcowych wskazanych w tekście. Muzyka Césara Francka i jego uczniów cechuje się emocjonalizmem, zmianami nastrojów, transformacją materiału dźwiękowego i powracaniem do wcześniejszych wątków. Stanowi wartościowy kontekst dla lektury Prousta, zapraszając do zanurzenia się w świat dźwiękowy, jaki go otaczał
„Krajobraz z burzą. Bajka o Pawle Mykietynie” J. Mikołajewskiego w kontekście pejzażu dźwiękowego i surkonwencjonalizmu
No full textIn recent years, the Polish publishing market has seen an increase in interest in publications intended for young art connoisseurs, including young music lovers. An interesting proposal that presents the biographies of contemporary musicians in a fictionalized way is the series Gama i pasażerowie [Scale and Passengers]. Among the series of twelve illustrated texts, there was one written by J. Mikołajewski entitled Krajobraz z burzą. Bajka o Pawle Mykietynie [Landscape with a Storm: A Fairy Tale about Paweł Mykietyn]. In the text, the protagonist — Pawełek — sets off on a journey that is interrupted by a storm. Finally, he writes down his impressions in a composition titled Epifora. The specific narrative, quasi-refrains or their variants, and numerous intertextual and intersemiotic references suggest that the work should also be interpreted in the context of music. The author analyzes the soundscape presented of the text and considers references to the contemporary style in Polish music — surconventionalism, which is characterized by, among others, a postmodern game with the listener and the processing of quotations, conventions and allusions.W ostatnich latach na polskim rynku wydawniczym zauważyć można wzrost zainteresowania publikacjami przeznaczonymi dla małych koneserów sztuki, w tym — małych melomanów. Ciekawą propozycją, dzięki której przybliżono w sfabularyzowany sposób życiorysy współczesnych muzyków i muzyczek, jest seria Gama i pasażerowie. Wśród dwunastu ilustrowanych tekstów pojawił się Krajobraz z burzą. Bajka o Pawle Mykietynie J. Mikołajewskiego. Główny bohater utworu — Pawełek — wyrusza w podróż, którą zakłóca burza. Finalnie swoje wrażenia opisuje on w kompozycji zatytułowanej Epifora. Specyficznie prowadzona narracja, refrenicznie powracające zdania lub ich warianty oraz liczne odwołania intertekstualne i intersemiotyczne sugerują, że utwór należy interpretować także w kontekście odwołań do muzyki. Autorka analizuje pejzaż dźwiękowy przedstawiony w tekście oraz rozważa nawiązania do surkonwencjonalizmu, który charakteryzuje się między innymi postmodernistyczną grą ze słuchaczem oraz przetwarzaniem cytatów, konwencji i aluzji