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Going beyond the threshold: The role of the verb-free occupation of the post-final field in deputy speeches
No full textThe essay outlines the properties of the so-called Nachfeld, the post-final syntactic field often referred to as a typical construction of spoken language, focusing on its peculiar forms in deputy speeches from the Parliament of Germany. After a brief introduction on the German sentence and on the typical features of how language is used in political discourse, the characteristics of the deputy speech as a sub-text type of political speeches are highlighted so as to present the reference corpus on which the essay is based. More precisely, the corpus is composed of 40 deputy speeches delivered between March and October 2020, a half of which address the theme of the coronavirus pandemic. The aim of the analysis is to show the constant presence of the Nachfeld in all speeches and that it should not be considered a mere form defect or a colloquial choice, as it is in fact a real means of persuasion. This fact will also be underlined thanks to the consideration of how the Nachfeld is treated in the written version of the speeches developed by the Parliament shorthand typists. Eventually, a system to categorise the functions and the linguistic appearances of the Nachfeld is proposed in order to demonstrate the existence of a real “syntax of politics.”The essay outlines the properties of the so-called Nachfeld, the post-final syntactic field often referred to as a typical construction of spoken language, focusing on its peculiar forms in deputy speeches from the Parliament of Germany. After a brief introduction on the German sentence and on the typical features of how language is used in political discourse, the characteristics of the deputy speech as a sub-text type of political speeches are highlighted so as to present the reference corpus on which the essay is based. More precisely, the corpus is composed of 40 deputy speeches delivered between March and October 2020, a half of which address the theme of the coronavirus pandemic. The aim of the analysis is to show the constant presence of the Nachfeld in all speeches and that it should not be considered a mere form defect or a colloquial choice, as it is in fact a real means of persuasion. This fact will also be underlined thanks to the consideration of how the Nachfeld is treated in the written version of the speeches developed by the Parliament shorthand typists. Eventually, a system to categorise the functions and the linguistic appearances of the Nachfeld is proposed in order to demonstrate the existence of a real “syntax of politics.
Ucieczka z peryferiów. Filmowy system-świat i polskie kino
No full textThe main aim of this text is to outline the possibilities of applying Immanuel Wallerstein’s world-systems theory to the analysis of cinema. Concepts developed by Wallerstein, especially the notion of the relationship between the core and the periphery of international political-economic systems, can help in understanding the hegemony of Hollywood cinema in the global circulation of film content, as well as the positions smaller film industries occupy in relation to it. The assumptions of this theory will be tested using the example of the cinema of Central and Eastern Europe in recent decades, allowing for the determination of its relative hierarchy in the global chain of production and consumption of audiovisual content. Special attention has been paid to Poland, presented as a model example of a local film industry attempting to emerge from the peripheral position it occupied after the political transformation of 1989
Escape from the periphery. World-system of cinema and Polish film
No full textThe main aim of this text is to outline the possibilities of applying Immanuel Wallerstein’s world-systems theory to the analysis of cinema. Concepts developed by Wallerstein, especially the notion of the relationship between the core and the periphery of international political-economic systems, can be useful in trying the hegemony of Hollywood cinema in the global circulation of film content, as well as the positions smaller film industries occupy in relation to it. The assumptions of this theory will be tested using the example of the cinema of Central and Eastern Europe in recent decades, making it possible to determine its relative hierarchy in the global chain of production and consumption of audiovisual content. Special attention has been focused on Poland, presented as a model example of a local film industry attempting to emerge from the peripheral position it occupied after the political transformation of 1989
Inspirations, techniques and institutionality. Animation in Józef Robakowski’s experimental oeuvre
No full textJózef Robakowski’s cinematic oeuvre functions mainly as an experimental form of audiovisual art exhibited in gallery spaces. In his avant-garde activities this intermedia artist, associated with the Film Form Workshop, often used techniques of animated film, as is evidenced by the author’s textual analysis of the films: Market (1970), Test 1 (1971), Test II (1971), Dynamic Rectangle (1971), 22x (1971), Impulsator (2000), Impulsator VI (2001), Attention Light! (2004). The analysis focuses on the techniques used by Robakowski as well as his potential or explicit inspirations. Creating experimental animations, often in the spirit of “pure film”, the avant-gardist has been appropriated by other scholarly disciplines such as art history or new media. The aim of this article is to include Józef Robakowski in the discourse of film studies: to demonstrate his stance as an animator over the course of his artistic work to date, but above all to place him in the history of Polish animated film
Nieuchwytny fenomen aktorstwa filmowego: metoda analizy strukturalnej Jana Mukařovskiego a psychologia komunikacji
No full textThe thesis is a polemic against Jan Mukařovský’s method of structural analysis of acting. The author accuses him of excluding the actor’s subjectivity as well as the psychological factor. Instead, he is proposing to extend the reasoning with the theory of communication psychology — a field of study dealing with the relationship between emotions and their articulation. In the first part, Mukařovsky’s conclusions are confronted with communication psychology. The second one describes the representation of female hysteria in film as an example of acting that is resistant to structural analysis
Związki między metafizyką a Kalam: Awicenna a Siradż al-Din al-Urmałi
No full textThe question of how the relationship between metaphysics and theology should be understood is one of the main topics of debate on the agenda of philosophers and theologians from Aristotle (d. 322 BCE) to Avicenna (d. 428/1037), from Avicenna to the late Islamic theological tradition, and even to medieval Jewish and Christian thought. Avicenna criticized Aristotle for identifying metaphysics with theology and presented a new perspective on the relationship between those two disciplines. He argues that God is not the subject but the goal of metaphysics, in other words — metaphysics is an ontological science in terms of its subject matter and a theological science in terms of its goal. In Islamic thought after Avicenna, the relationship between metaphysics and kalam continued to be one of the most heated topics of debate. Trying to explain the relationship between those two disciplines, thinkers such as Imam al-Ghazali (d. 505/1111), Shams al-Din Samarqandi (d. 702/1303), and Sayyid Sharif al-Jurjani (d. 816/1413) made a distinction between “Islamic science and rational science” and argued that metaphysics is an intellectual science while kalam is a religious (Islamic) science. On the other hand, Siraj al-Din al-Urmawi (d. 682/1283), who dealt with the relationship between metaphysics and kalam in his treatise On the Difference between Metaphysics (God-Science) and Kalam, revised Avicenna’s approach and criticized theologians who tried to explain the problem in terms of the distinction between religious and rational sciences. The aim of this article is to analyze Avicenna’s and Urmawi’s views on the relationship between metaphysics and theology, taking into account the historical-problematic context of the issue
Rola związków zawodowych w postępowaniu przed sądem pracy i ubezpieczeń społecznych
No full textThe article is devoted to the role of trade unions in proceedings before labor and social security courts in terms of system and procedural aspects. The procedural powers of trade unions include the ability to bring an action on behalf of an employee or to join the case on his side, as well as to designate a legal representative of the (insured) employee as an attorney. The indicated powers serve to implement the statutory tasks of trade unions in representing and defending the rights of employees in the area of procedural labor law. Their purpose is to support the employee in obtaining judicial protection of his rights.Artykuł poświęcony jest roli związków zawodowych w postępowaniu przed sądami pracy i ubezpieczeń społecznych w aspekcie ustrojowym oraz procesowym. Uprawnienia procesowe związków zawodowych obejmują możliwość wytoczenia powództwa na rzecz pracownika lub przystąpienia do sprawy po jego stronie, a także wskazanie przedstawiciela reprezentującego pracownika (ubezpieczonego) w charakterze pełnomocnika. Wskazane uprawnienia służą realizacji zadań statutowych związków zawodowych w zakresie reprezentowania i obrony praw pracowniczych w obszarze procesowego prawa pracy. Ich celem jest wsparcie pracownika w uzyskaniu sądowej ochrony jego praw
Contexts of changes in the habits in contemporary consumption: The pandemic and the crisis
No full textThis paper examines the changes in consumption habits during the pandemic period as well as the impact of the crisis on young people’s consumption behavior. The study presents the considerations which are based on the authors’ own research, which involved the triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data. A quantitative study was conducted in 2021 on a representative sample of Poles (total number N = 1,268). This study aims to determine how much and to what extent the pandemic experiences have changed the consumer behavior habits of Poles.
It was hypothetically assumed that the post-pandemic experiences had a significant impact on changing the consumption habits of Poles.
In order to determine the durability of the changes in consumption that appeared in 2021, a qualitative research was carried out in 2023, in which a crisis in the consumption behavior of young people was conducted as an in-depth analysis. This research was conducted by the FGI (focus group interview) intelligence method among five focus groups. It assumed that young people are particularly sensitive to changes and they undertake compensatory consumption behavior during the crisis period
Державна соціальна політика: особливості і реалізація в Україні
No full textThe article deals with the implementation of state social policy and its features in Ukraine. The concept, goal, and principles of the state social policy of Ukraine are defined in order to reveal the theoretical aspects of its functioning. The organizational and legal foundations of state social policy are revealed to clarify the aspects of legal regulation of its activity. The practical experience of managing the social sphere in countries such as Poland and Denmark is examined in order to compare and adapt their experience for use in Ukraine. The current state of implementation of the state social policy is analyzed in order to assess the effectiveness of the activity. The existing problems and the factors that caused them are then identified. The role of the social sphere as a component influencing the development of Ukraine is thus revealed. Based on the analyzed data, the authors determine the directions for improving the management of the social sphere in order to improve the implementation of state social policy in Ukraine. In general, the analysis of the current state of implementation of state social policy revealed several problems that contribute to its inefficiency, which leads to the question of how to develop an efficient and effective mechanism for the functioning of state social policy remaining unanswered.У статті розглянуто питання реалізації державної соціальної політики та її особливості в Україні. Визначено поняття, мету, принципи державної соціальної політики України з метою розкриття теоретичних аспектів її функціонування. Розкрито організаційноправові засади державної соціальної політики, для з’ясування аспектів правового регулювання її діяльності. Порівняно практичний досвід управління соціальною сферою у таких країнах як Польща та Данія з метою адаптування їх досвіду для застосування в Україні. Проаналізовано сучасний стан реалізації державної соціальної політики для оцінки ефективності діяльності, та визначено проблеми, які існують та чинники, що їх спричинили. Розкрито роль соціальної сфери як складової, яка впливає на розвиток України. На основі проаналізованих даних визначено напрями удосконалення управління соціальною сферою з метою покращення реалізації державної соціальної політики в Україні. Загалом, аналізуючи сучасний стан реалізації державної соціальної політики було виявлено ряд проблем, які зумовлюють її неефективність, тому на сучасному етапі все, ще залишається відкритим питання щодо того, як розробити ефективний та дієвий механізм функціонування державної соціальної політики
