CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Wrocławska kuria książąt legnicko-brzeskich w epoce nowożytnej – perspektywy badawcze
Get PDFThe present seat of the Institute of History of the University of Wrocław is a four-winged complex occupying the northern part of the quarter delimited by Szewska, Uniwersytecka, Kuźnicza and Nożownicza Streets. The buildings in this area date back to the time before the city was granted an urban charter, and in previous centuries the walls of today’s institute housed burgher residences, possibly a synagogue, a ducal curia, a monastery, a Police Presidium office and university teaching rooms. The heyday of the edifice was during the Renaissance and Baroque periods, when the dukes of Legnica and Brzeg had their residence here, followed by the Ursuline Sisters of the Roman Union. In the 16th c. the houses on Szewska Street were transformed into a ducal city palace, which was given representative Baroque forms in the following century through the modernization of the façade and the introduction of stucco and painting ornamentation into the interiors. Based on these, it can be assumed that the leading architects and stucco artists active in Silesia in the early modern period were involved in these reconstructions: Jakub and Franciszek Parr as well as Carlo Rossi and his workshop. The architectural changes made to the former curia at the end of the19th c. and in the first half of the 20th c. resulted in these representative forms ceasing to be recognizable, and the edifice began to be perceived through the prism of purely clerical and didactic functions. This led to an unjustified depreciation of its place and its role in the development of Silesian architecture in the early modern era.
In recent years archaeological and architectural research has made it possible to uncover and expose those elements that determined the rank of the curia in the buildings of early modern Wrocław: walls of three-story houses from the Middle Ages, whose legible door and window openings allow conclusions to be drawn about their original spatial disposition; the beamed ceilings, vaults and architectural details of the Renaissance period; and Baroque stucco ornamentation and painting. These discoveries open up new research perspectives in relation to the forms of the Wrocław curia of the Dukes of Legnica and Brzeg in the early modern period – both in terms of its construction and decoration – and provide an opportunity to verify the assessment of the significance of this building for the development of architecture in the city and the region. The aim of this article is to review key issues for the study of the early modern forms of the palace, their conditions and potential directions of development
Malarz śląski Johann Lichtenstein (1610 – po 1672) i jego epitafium Johanna von Götz und Schwanenfließ, prezesa rady miasta Wrocławia
Get PDFThe Wrocław painter Johann Lichtenstein has been rediscovered thanks to an extensive autobiographical inscription he placed on one of his own paintings in the Church of St. Mary on the Sand in Wrocław. It tells us that he was born in Kąty Wrocławskie (German: Canth), that he left Wrocław in 1633, where he probably took his first painting lessons, and that in the course of his travels he visited the home of Peter Paul Rubens in 1636, and then, still on the move, served various mighty lords. Although he returned to Wrocław in 1648 and was active here afterwards, he did not abandon his expeditions. Unfortunately, neither of his two signed canvases in the Church of St. Mary on the Sand Wrocław survived the catastrophe of 1945. The intriguing Lichtenstein painting placed in the epitaph of a local prominent person, Johann von Götz und Schwanenfließ, president of the town council, is preserved in a terrible state in St. Elisabeth’s Church. The theme of the work is salvation, which can also be obtained by repentant sinners. This motif, depicting Biblical sinners gathered around Christ, was gaining popularity from the late 16th and early 17th c., both in Catholic (Flanders) and Protestant circles. In view of the poor state of preservation of this currently only painting by Lichtenstein, the attribution of the two portraits surviving in Wrocław to him can only be hypothetical
Szwejk, piwo i knedliki – stereotypy o Czechach w polskiej przestrzeni publicznej (na wybranych przykładach)
No full textThis article focuses on the issue of Czech stereotypes in the Polish public space. Attention was drawn to the meaning and functions of stereotypes as a frame of references, which allow for the assessment, ordering reality and integration of the social groups. Article briefly discusses the most popular stereotypes, paying particular attention to their genesis and their historical conditions and highlighting the stereotypical perception of the Czechs and Czech culture. The analysis showed that Poles look at the Czechs through the prism of humorous and comedic tradition, that is why stereotypes are full of references to the Czech sense of humour, soldier Švejk or Czech comedies. In Poland Hašek’s protagonist Josef Švejk became synonymous with a Czech – cowardly, carefree, valuing peace, fond of alcohol, and his ‘survival at all costs’ strategy could be both alluring and repulsive. The analysis was complemented with the examples of the reflections of national stereotypes in various linguistic phenomena. Polish phraseology with adjective czeski almost automatically receive a negative meaning (eg. czeski film, czeski błąd), while the non-phraseological meaning of above mentioned in Poland is definitely positive
Znaki zapytania. O aktualnej kondycji teorii kultury
No full textAn attempt at describing the condition of cultural theory in contemporary Poland might be assessed as, to say the least, a hazardous endeavour. It is not my intention, however, for this essay either to subject any particular texts to criticism or to refer to any particular authors’ positions. What I do intend is to verbalise some of my personal impressions after reading theoretical literature published in Poland over the last fifty years. This is quite a long period, enabling one to observe both certain continuity and the change that occurs in the paradigmatic conditions significant for the ways in which culture is interpreted. These ways are not only determined by external influences (the amount of which has increased markedly over the last thirty years, as compared with earlier periods), but also dependent on the local traditions of various scholarly disciplines that utilise the concept of culture, adapting it for their specific needs. Since culture was recognised as an autonomous subject of study, creating a theory of culture has become a requirement binding not only adherents of the modern paradigm, but also those of the postmodern one. It ought to be observed that what is understood by the term of cultural theory in Poland is not the creation of a theory of Polish culture. Quite the contrary, many researchers attempt to establish theoretical interdependencies with a view to co-creating a universal theory of culture. In such a situation, attempts at building a contextual theory, i.e. one that takes into account the specificity of local traditions and habits, are sometimes marginalized. Nevertheless, they ought to be considered important and inspiring. In his concept of the mnemotopos, Stefan Bednarek presumed the existence of a certain community of representations and signs. This line of thought led me to asking whether traces of community to be found in Poles’ symbolic representations and dreams, indicating the longue-durée existence of axiological basis for individual and collective behaviours, also translate into the sphere of intellectual choices made in the processes of describing and interpreting the cultural reality that surrounds us. I am asking about the extent to which common and traditional patterns of perceiving the world, as well as ways of self-interpretation that are both common and specific for Polish culture, reappear in those descriptions, characterisations and syntheses.Próbę opisu kondycji teorii kultury w Polsce współczesnej ocenić można jako przynajmniej ryzykowną. Nie zamierzam jednak w tym szkicu poddawać krytyce konkretnych tekstów ani odwoływać się do propozycji autorskich, chcę natomiast zwerbalizować niektóre osobiste wrażenia z mniej lub bardziej uważnej lektury propozycji teoretycznych, które pojawiły się w Polsce w ostatnim pięćdziesięcioleciu. Jest to dość długi okres, w którym można zaobserwować zarówno pewną ciągłość, jak i zmianę zachodzące w paradygmatycznych uwarunkowaniach sposobów interpretacji kultury. Sposoby te determinowane są nie tylko propozycjami zewnętrznymi (w minionym trzydziestoleciu ich liczba wyraźnie wzrosła w stosunku do okresów wcześniejszych), ale i zależą od lokalnych tradycji różnych nauk, które posługują się pojęciem kultury, adaptując je do własnych potrzeb. Od momentu, w którym kultura uznana została za autonomiczny przedmiot badań, tworzenie teorii kultury stało się wymogiem, obowiązującym nie tylko zwolenników paradygmatu modernistycznego, lecz także postmodernistycznego. Warto zauważyć, że teoria kultury w Polsce nie oznacza tworzenia teorii kultury polskiej; przeciwnie — wielu badaczy próbuje ustalać zależności teoretyczne mając na uwadze współtworzenie uniwersalnej teorii kultury. W tej sytuacji bywają marginalizowane próby wypracowania teorii kontekstualnej, uwzględniającej specyfikę tradycji i nawyków lokalnych. Niemniej należy je uznać za ważne i inspirujące. Koncepcja mnemotoposu Stefana Bednarka zakładała istnienie pewnej wspólnoty wyobrażeń i znaków. Skłoniła mnie ona do postawienia pytania o to, czy obecne w przedstawieniach symbolicznych i w snach Polaków ślady wspólnoty, wskazujące na długie trwanie aksjologicznych podstaw zachowań indywidualnych i zbiorowych, znajdują przełożenie także na sferę wyborów intelektualnych, dokonywanych w procesie opisu i interpretacji otaczającej nas rzeczywistości kulturowej; na ile powtarzają się w tych opisach, charakterystykach i syntezach wspólne, tradycyjne wzorce postrzegania świata, a także wspólne i zarazem specyficzne dla kultury polskiej sposoby autointerpretacji tejże kultury
Mediacja w sprawach karnych — czy jest możliwa w każdej sprawie karnej i jakie alternatywy negocjacyjne zawiera kodeks karny skarbowy w sprawach o wykroczenia i przestępstwa skarbowe?
No full textMediation is a method of conducting disputes in which the parties work out a solution to the problem between them in the presence of an impartial mediator. Mediation proceedings can be treated individually in civil and criminal cases. In the present study, the author focused on mediation in criminal cases, and further attention is paid to whether any criminal cases are excluded from mediation. Moreover, the author draws attention to a specific creation of criminal law, which is penal fiscal law, and what negotiation opportunities it offers to perpetrators of fiscal offenses and criminal offenses. Finally, the author presents the reservation of mediation in criminal law as applied to negotiation institutions in criminal fiscal law
Ożywianie antychorwackich resentymentów z II wojny światowej na podstawie wybranych wypowiedzi Aleksandra Vučicia
No full textThe present article demonstrates the ways in which painful history and inter-state resentments are utilized to construct a narrative. The author focuses on selected statements by Serbian president Aleksandar Vučić over the last 30 years to illustrate how such a procedure is conducted in practice. Through the analysis of the speeches, the author comes to the conclusion that the Serbian politician’s antipathy towards Croatians is strenghtening his position in the country as a defender of national interest
Status pracowników wykonujących czynności kontrolne Państwowej Inspekcji Pracy — wybrane zagadnienia
No full textThe subject of the study is the characteristics of selected elements of the status of employees performing inspection activities of the State Labour Inspection. Statutory regulations should introduce a balance between the protection and stability of the employment of inspectors and the interests of the central control body performing the tasks of the state. An assessment of the implementation of the aforementioned assumption is made possible by the analysis of the most significant, in the author’s opinion, norms of the act concerning the: establishment, change, and termination of the service employment relationship, as well as the duties of labour inspectors.Przedmiotem opracowania jest charakterystyka wybranych elementów statusu pracowników wykonujących czynności kontrolne Państwowej Inspekcji Pracy. Regulacje ustawowe powinny wprowadzać balans pomiędzy ochroną i stabilnością zatrudnienia inspektorów a interesem centralnego organu kontroli wykonującego zadania państwa. Ocenę realizacji wskazanego założenia umożliwia analiza najistotniejszych, w ocenie autorki, unormowań ustawy dotyczących nawiązania, zmiany, ustania służbowego stosunku pracy, a także obowiązków inspektorów pracy
Zmiany w zakresie odpowiedzialności za wykroczenia przeciwko zabytkom
No full textThe main purpose of this study is to analyze changes in the scope of liability for petty offenses against historical monuments that entered into force on January 1, 2024. In this respect the amendment act of June 22, 2017 was key, introducing a catalog of administrative torts as of January 1, 2018 and decriminalizing their equivalent petty offenses as of January 1, 2024. The above legislative measure is an example of the noticeable trend in recent years of transforming petty offenses into administrative torts. Decriminalization of petty offenses as a result of their conversion into administrative torts is not the only direction of changes in the scope of liability for petty offenses against historical monuments. In some cases, the legislator decided to tighten liability and transform petty offenses into offenses