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Sborník Zemského archivu v Opavě, Opava 2022, red. Karel Müller, Peter Tesař, ss. 288, il. kolor. i cz.-b.
No full textAre Dwarves Protestant? American Religion and “Dungeons & Dragons”
No full textI analyze the ideology of representation of religion in the tabletop role-playing game (TRPG) Dungeons & Dragons. I approach TRPGs as a type of protostory, an interactive set of stories governed by rules which provides affordances to create different stories. Whether a specific story is relatively hard or easy to instantiate from the protostory indicates if this particular instantiation serves as a preferred, negotiated, or oppositional reading of the TRPG rules. Based on an analysis of the dimensions of religion proposed by Ninian Smart, contrasted with Harold Bloom’s idea of American religion, as well as the concept of intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientation, I discuss the similarity between the way Dungeons & Dragons simulates religion, and the traditional understanding of religion in American culture
“A Flight from History”? Nadine Gordimer’s Congo Journey
Get PDFThe aim of this article is to shed light on Nadine Gordimer’s political convictions in the context of the decolonization processes in the Belgian Congo (later the Democratic Republic of the Congo) in the years 1960–61. The article begins with a brief overview of Gordimer’s political views. It is argued that while Gordimer’s stance in the early 1950s had been that of liberal humanism (an influence that came to her also from the reading of E. M. Forster), by the end of this decade she began to question its relevance in South Africa. As a result, she decided to redefine both her political and artistic views, trying to forge a vision that would be more attuned to her position as a white writer in postcolonial Africa. This attempt is visible in her essay “The Congo River” (1961), at whose centre lies an ambivalence: while Gordimer welcomes the political transformation in Congo with cautious optimism, she also demonstrates a tendency to de-emphasize the country’s colonial history by focusing on the natural habitat and describing it as an ahistorical space. This notion of nature is, to a large extent, a repetition of the colonial vision of the natural environment, which Gordimer unwittingly perpetuated, creating her own example of the socioecological unconscious
El papel del aprendizaje informal de español lengua extranjera (ELE) en la competencia comunicativa de los estudiantes de Filología Hispánica: el ejemplo de películas y series hispanohablantes
No full textThe research concerns a specific learning environment, namely the Institute of Romance Studies at the University of Wrocław, and attempts to address two questions: 1. To what extent do students of Spanish philology currently benefit from the affordances offered to them by modern digital tools, in particular the various video-on-demand platforms, for informal learning of Spanish via Spanish-language films and series? 2. How does this activity stimulate their metacognitive awareness and self-awareness in the area of learning Spanish as a foreign language? To this end, students of Spanish philology took part in a survey which demonstrated that films and series are an important leisure activity, even if Spanish-language titles represent only 24% of what they are watching. However, these films and series are subjected to important metacognitive reflection.El estudio está relacionado con un entorno de aprendizaje específico, es decir, el Departamento de Filología Románica de la Universidad de Wrocław, y pretende aportar respuestas a dos preguntas: 1. ¿Hasta qué punto los estudiantes de Filología Hispánica aprovechan las afordancias que les ofrecen herramientas digitales modernas, especialmente diferentes plataformas de vídeo bajo demanda, para el aprendizaje informal de ELE mediante las películas y series? 2. ¿De qué forma dicha actividad estimula su conciencia metacognitiva y autoconciencia en el área de aprendizaje de ELE? Con este objetivo, los estudiantes participaron en una encuesta que demostró que las películas y series constituyen una importante forma de recreo, incluso si los títulos hispanohablantes representan solo el 24% de todos los títulos que ven. De cualquier forma, estas películas y series están sujetas a una importante reflexión metacognitiva.El estudio está relacionado con un entorno de aprendizaje específico, es decir, el Departamento de Filología Románica de la Universidad de Wrocław, y pretende aportar respuestas a dos preguntas: 1. ¿Hasta qué punto los estudiantes de Filología Hispánica aprovechan las afordancias que les ofrecen herramientas digitales modernas, especialmente diferentes plataformas de vídeo bajo demanda, para el aprendizaje informal de ELE mediante las películas y series? 2. ¿De qué forma dicha actividad estimula su conciencia metacognitiva y autoconciencia en el área de aprendizaje de ELE? Con este objetivo, los estudiantes participaron en una encuesta que demostró que las películas y series constituyen una importante forma de recreo, incluso si los títulos hispanohablantes representan solo el 24% de todos los títulos que ven. De cualquier forma, estas películas y series están sujetas a una importante reflexión metacognitiva
Wernakularna krytyka działań firm i marek w polskich cybermemach w obliczu wielokryzysowości. Casus wojny w Ukrainie
No full textRussia’s aggression against Ukraine in 2022 met with almost unambiguous criticism from the Polish society, which resonated in actual attitudes and found its dimension in media messages, including those on the Internet. Internet users also created and distributed “funny pictures on the Internet” that dealt with the conflict, which popularized the events and gave them a specific emotional narrative. Although the genesis of today’s popular image-based memes is seen in works related to biology (R. Dawkins), from the humanistic perspective they are seen as products of online folklore, created by and addressed to cyberpeople. Memes as vernacular messages amuse, amuse, stigmatize, criticize, but also convey and popularize content that is very important for the cybernetic community. In the era of war in the East, they also present the issues of companies and brands present in Russia before its escalation and their decisions as to the continued presence of the aggressor in the country. The content of the proposed speech is based on the analysis of memes available on the Polish Internet dedicated to individual economic entities present in Russia before the events of February 24, 2022. The main research problem is how individual Western companies and brands are presented in cybermemes created in the era of war. The main thesis of the work is the assumption of a positive image of entities leaving Russia and a negative image of those that remain in the country. The collected material also allows for an ex post analysis of the areas and instruments of criticism and praise of individual companies.Agresja Rosji na Ukrainę w 2022 roku spotkała się z niemal jednoznaczną krytyką ze strony polskiego społeczeństwa, co rezonowało w faktycznych postawach oraz znalazło swój wymiar w przekazach medialnych, również tych obecnych w internecie. Internauci tworzyli też i rozpowszechniali „śmieszne obrazki w internecie”, które były poświęcone problematyce konfl iktu, co popularyzowało wydarzenia i nadawało im określoną narrację emocjonalną. Wprawdzie genezy popularnych dziś internetowych memów obrazkowych upatruje się w pracach związanych z biologią (Richard Dawkins), niemniej z perspektywy humanistycznej widzi się je jako wytwory sieciowego folkloru, tworzone przez cyberlud i do niego adresowane. Memy jako przekazy wernakularne śmieszą, bawią, piętnują, krytykują, ale także przekazują i popularyzują treści nader istotne dla cybernetycznej wspólnoty. W dobie wojny na Wschodzie obecna jest w nich także problematyka firm i marek, które działały w Rosji przed eskalacją konfliktu, oraz ich decyzji co do dalszej obecności w państwie agresora. Treść proponowanego artykułu opiera się na analizie dostępnych w polskim internecie memów poświęconych poszczególnym podmiotom gospodarczym obecnym w Rosji przed wydarzeniami 24 lutego 2022 roku. Głównym problemem badawczym jest to, jak poszczególne firmy i marki Zachodu są prezentowane w cybermemach powstających w dobie wojny. Główną tezą pracy jest założenie o pozytywnym wizerunku podmiotów opuszczających Rosję i negatywnym tych, które w tym kraju pozostają. Zebrany materiał pozwala także na analizę ex post obszarów i instrumentów krytyki oraz pochwały poszczególnych firm
Barocklyrik als Inspirationsquelle – Andreas Gryphius’ Sonnette als Lebensphilosophie
No full textObgleich der Barockdichter Andreas Gryphius bereits vielmals kritisch unter die Lupe genommen worden ist, bestehen weiterhin recht viele Desiderata bei der Erkundung insbesondere seiner Lyrik. Einige seiner Sonette, die auch hier zur Sprache kommen, haben praktisch kanonischen Rang erworben, aber die Masse seiner Gedichte ist doch bisher nur sehr kümmerlich untersucht worden. Welchen Stellenwert sie für den modernen Rezipienten haben mögen, ist bis heute eine ganz offene Frage. Dieser literarhistorischen Herausforderung kann man sich am besten so nähern, indem man zunächst überhaupt eine interpretative Sonde an sein umfangreiches Werk heranführt. Durch die sorgfältige Analyse einer Auswahl seiner Sonette wird hier eine Reihe von bemerkenswerten Aussagen universaler Art identifiziert, die es uns erlauben, Gryphius’ Texte nicht nur in ihrer literarischen, sondern auch religiösen, philosophischen und ethischen Dimension genauer in den Griff zu bekommen. Auf dieser Grundlage ist es möglich, spezifisch die Überlegung in den Vordergrund zu rücken, warum und wie man sich heute mit Gryphius allgemein oder im deutschen Literaturunterricht auseinandersetzen kann.Although the Baroque poet Andreas Gryphius has already been discussed many times critically, there are still numerous desiderata especially concerning the exploration of his lyric poetry. Some of his sonnets, which will be discussed here as well, have practically achieved the rank of canonical texts, but the majority of his poems have heretofore received only very little attention. It continues to be a very open question until today what relevance they might have for us today in general or for teaching literature at the university. We can accept this challenge best by first developing interpretive strategies for his voluminous opus. Through the careful analysis of a selection of his sonnets this study will identify a series of remarkable statements of universal relevance that will allow us to comprehend Gryphius’s texts not only from a literary, but also from a religious, philosophical, and ethical dimension. On that basis, it will be possible to approach more concretely the question why and how we can engage with Gryphius in a contemporary context, or in a course on German literature.Obgleich der Barockdichter Andreas Gryphius bereits vielmals kritisch unter die Lupe genommen worden ist, bestehen weiterhin recht viele Desiderata bei der Erkundung insbesondere seiner Lyrik. Einige seiner Sonette, die auch hier zur Sprache kommen, haben praktisch kanonischen Rang erworben, aber die Masse seiner Gedichte ist doch bisher nur sehr kümmerlich untersucht worden. Welchen Stellenwert sie für den modernen Rezipienten haben mögen, ist bis heute eine ganz offene Frage. Dieser literarhistorischen Herausforderung kann man sich am besten so nähern, indem man zunächst überhaupt eine interpretative Sonde an sein umfangreiches Werk heranführt. Durch die sorgfältige Analyse einer Auswahl seiner Sonette wird hier eine Reihe von bemerkenswerten Aussagen universaler Art identifiziert, die es uns erlauben, Gryphius’ Texte nicht nur in ihrer literarischen, sondern auch religiösen, philosophischen und ethischen Dimension genauer in den Griff zu bekommen. Auf dieser Grundlage ist es möglich, spezifisch die Überlegung in den Vordergrund zu rücken, warum und wie man sich heute mit Gryphius allgemein oder im deutschen Literaturunterricht auseinandersetzen kann
Work in IT for women: The realities of Ukraine
Get PDFThe article presents a study conducted on gender equality in Ukraine in the field of information technology. The problem of gender inequality still exists throughout the world. The purpose of the article is to study the working conditions of women in IT, to discuss the possible use of stereotypes, and to identify the reasons for women’s lack of interest in working in this field. Formally, there is no prohibition for women to work in the IT industry. However, there are a number of reasons in Ukraine that affect the possibilities of pursuing a career in this direction. The article analyzes the available statistical data and the results of a survey among representatives of the IT sector. It is worth noting the problem of data collection during the war in Ukraine. The importance of the sphere for the country’s economy as a whole and the relevance, demand for specialists, as well as the ratio of women and men employed in this area are considered. Global trends in gender distribution in the field of IT were analyzed. The main stereotypes and situations that constitute obstacles for women in this area are considered and the features inherent in Ukrainian society are also highlighted. Based on the statistical data of Ukraine the number and structure of female students, including foreigners, in recent years were analyzed. It was revealed that the structure of the gender ratio of men and women in education is changing with the formation of the labor market of Ukraine and the distribution by employment status. The ratio of working women and men is approximately the same, but the structure by employment status is different. In Ukraine the IT sector is largely based on individual entrepreneurs. Despite the martial law, the IT community is actively developing and new companies are being created. Training is actively carried out in paid and free courses. Surveys were conducted among students, and it was found that the beginning of a career in the field of information technology is already determined by certain stereotypes of society. Based on the conducted research, the structural gender relations in the field of IT and the main stereotypes that hinder the development of women in this area are analyzed. Recommendations for overcoming gender inequality in the field of IT in Ukraine are presented. Based on the information received, conclusions were drawn: the number of women and men studying technical and mathematical sciences in Ukraine is approximately the same. But in the future, in professional activities, women in many cases prefer to occupy weaker positions, leaving leading positions to men. The main reason for this dynamic is the generally accepted stereotypes and the actualization of the role of women in other areas.The article presents a study conducted on gender equality in Ukraine in the field of information technology. The problem of gender inequality still exists throughout the world. The purpose of the article is to study the working conditions of women in IT, to discuss the possible use of stereotypes, and to identify the reasons for women’s lack of interest in working in this field. Formally, there is no prohibition for women to work in the IT industry. However, there are a number of reasons in Ukraine that affect the possibilities of pursuing a career in this direction. The article analyzes the available statistical data and the results of a survey among representatives of the IT sector. It is worth noting the problem of data collection during the war in Ukraine. The importance of the sphere for the country’s economy as a whole and the relevance, demand for specialists, as well as the ratio of women and men employed in this area are considered. Global trends in gender distribution in the field of IT were analyzed. The main stereotypes and situations that constitute obstacles for women in this area are considered and the features inherent in Ukrainian society are also highlighted. Based on the statistical data of Ukraine the number and structure of female students, including foreigners, in recent years were analyzed. It was revealed that the structure of the gender ratio of men and women in education is changing with the formation of the labor market of Ukraine and the distribution by employment status. The ratio of working women and men is approximately the same, but the structure by employment status is different. In Ukraine the IT sector is largely based on individual entrepreneurs. Despite the martial law, the IT community is actively developing and new companies are being created. Training is actively carried out in paid and free courses. Surveys were conducted among students, and it was found that the beginning of a career in the field of information technology is already determined by certain stereotypes of society. Based on the conducted research, the structural gender relations in the field of IT and the main stereotypes that hinder the development of women in this area are analyzed. Recommendations for overcoming gender inequality in the field of IT in Ukraine are presented. Based on the information received, conclusions were drawn: the number of women and men studying technical and mathematical sciences in Ukraine is approximately the same. But in the future, in professional activities, women in many cases prefer to occupy weaker positions, leaving leading positions to men. The main reason for this dynamic is the generally accepted stereotypes and the actualization of the role of women in other areas
Zapełnianie obszarów niewiedzy
Get PDFAn introductory article for the thematic issue of the journal Theoretical Practice entitled “Areas of Ignorance. Left-wing literary criticism of the Polish interwar period”.Artykuł wstępny do numeru tematycznego czasopisma Praktyka Teoretyczna zatytułowanego „Obszary niewiedzy. Lewicowa krytyka literacka”, dotyczącego debat i najważniejszych figur krytyki literackiej polskiego międzywojnia