CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Poznawczy potencjał podobieństwa – od map i diagramów po zbiory nieskończone
No full textThe article examines the role that visual similarity plays in human cognition. The cognitive significance of similarity is examined both in the context of everyday thinking and learning and in relation to major technological inventions and scientific discoveries. The examples discussed in the paper are drawn from various fields, including art, craftsmanship, cartography, technology, natural sciences, geometry, and mathematical set theory. In addition, the article offers an epistemological reflection on the cognitive potential of similarity, drawing on the works of Aristotle, Rudolf Carnap, David Hume, Willard Van Orman Quine, Charles Sanders Peirce, Hilary Putnam, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. In light of the arguments presented, similarity – deeply rooted in visuality – emerges as one of the key tools humans use to think and acquire knowledge
Sprawozdanie z międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej „Angelus Silesius: filozofia, mistyka i sztuka”, Wrocław, 10–11 grudnia 2024
No full textThe text presents a report on an international scientific conference held in Wrocław on 10–11 December 2024. The event was dedicated to Angelus Silesius, a Baroque era poet and mystic. The publication offers a concise overview of the papers presented at the conference, which explored the impact of Silesius’s work on the art and philosophy of his time, as well as its continued resonance with subsequent generations of artists and thinkers
Budownictwo schronowe we Wrocławiu w latach 1932–1945
No full textThis article discusses the issue of collective security constructions in Wrocław in the 1932–1945 period. The author focused mainly on presenting the achievements of German civil defense (Luftschutz) in the engineering preparation of the city to resist the effects of air war. The main research question of this study was the process of constructing anti-aircraft shelters and refuges in Wrocław
Nowi aktorzy społeczni. Rola sztucznej inteligencji w redefinicji struktur sieciowych w kontekście teorii ANT Latoura
Get PDFIn the era of rapid development in digital technologies and artificial intelligence, traditional approaches to analyzing social phenomena prove insufficient. Bruno Latour’s Actor-Network Theory (ANT) offers a new research perspective that rejects the classic division between micro and macro structures, replacing it with the concept of a network of human and non-human actors. Contemporary social reality, where technologies — including artificial intelligence — play an active role, requires a redefinition of social concepts and research methods. This article examines how Latour’s network concept can be applied to analyze social and technological dynamics and explores how Latour’s theories may address interpretive challenges associated with the AI revolution. Specifically, we consider issues related to hybrid reality (or mixed reality), dualism in science, and the definition of the actor, which, according to Latour, includes not only human but also non-human factors, as well as the processes of translation and mediation that enable the formation of dynamic social structures
Karalność „oszukańczego” niezaspokojenia wierzyciela
Get PDFThe article addresses the issue of the punishability of “fraudulent” failure to satisfy a creditor on the basis of Article 300 of the Penal Code. It analyses the actions of debtors leading to thwarting or depleting the satisfaction of claims, such as concealing, selling or encumbering assets. The author presents the concepts of insolvency and seizure of assets and their impact on the situation of the creditor. He devotes particular attention to the difficulties of interpretation arising from the necessity of combining criminal law with civil regulations on economic turnover and the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to the protection of the market and economic turnover. He also points out the importance of the preventive function of the regulations and their role in protecting the stability of the market, and emphasizes that the dynamic development of legal turnover forces the flexibility of criminal regulations, which may raise doubts as to the effectiveness of creditor protection.Artykuł porusza problematykę karalności „oszukańczego” niezaspokojenia wierzyciela na gruncie art. 300 kodeksu karnego. Analizuje działania dłużników prowadzące do udaremnienia lub uszczuplenia zaspokojenia roszczeń, takie jak ukrywanie, zbywanie czy obciążanie składników majątku. Autor przedstawia pojęcia niewypłacalności i zajęcia majątku oraz ich wpływ na sytuację wierzyciela. Szczególną uwagę poświęca trudnościom interpretacyjnym wynikającym z konieczności łączenia prawa karnego z regulacjami cywilnymi dotyczącymi obrotu gospodarczego oraz konieczność interdyscyplinarnego podejścia do ochrony rynku i obrotu gospodarczego. Wskazuje także na znaczenie funkcji prewencyjnej przepisów oraz ich rolę w ochronie stabilności rynku, a także podkreśla, że dynamiczny rozwój obrotu prawnego wymusza elastyczność regulacji karnych, co może rodzić wątpliwości co do skuteczności ochrony wierzycieli
The role of liberal theory in the development of welfare on the example of selected historical events
Get PDFAll variants of economic liberalism advocate for free trade and competition. Based on a literature review, this study postulates that economic liberalism promotes welfare and economic growth. The aim of this study was to identify the advantages of liberalism on the example of important historical events and selected economies. A critical literature review conducted in 2023 revealed that economic liberalism fostered rapid economic growth in the 19th century. In the second example, the role of economic liberalism in stimulating investment and economic growth was analyzed in the United States. The Great Depression of 1929 was examined to illustrate the negative consequences of state interventionism. The study also discusses the Swedish welfare state which—according to many experts—flourished due to effective government intervention. An analysis of historical events revealed that economic liberalism promotes the economic growth of countries, whereas state interventionism hinders economic growth through suboptimal allocation of resources
Propozycja personalistycznego ujęcia godności osobowej jako fundamentu tworzenia prawa opieki paliatywnej i hospicyjnej w Polsce
Get PDFStatistics, provided by Statistics Poland, indicate cancer as the second leading cause of death for people in Poland, after cardiovascular diseases. The end of life of a person affected by cancer is regulated by medical law in the area of palliative and hospice care. Legal norms, concerning such a sensitive matter, should be guided to the highest degree by objective values and put personal dignity at the top of the axiological hierarchy. The article proposes an interpretation of personal dignity in line with personalistic philosophy. Only a properly adopted system of axiology, based on the meta-axiology of individual dignity and with the contents supplied by the philosophy of personalism, makes it possible to properly create the norms of medical law concerning cancer patients under palliative and hospice care. Moreover, the postulate of personalistic interpretation of medical law demonstrates one of the paths of lawmaking, adding material for consideration in the increasingly relevant discussions on euthanasia and all other rights and freedoms of a person affected by a terminal illness.Zestawienia statystyczne, prezentowane przez Główny Urząd Statystyczny, ukazują choroby nowotworowe jako drugą z kolei, po chorobach układu krążenia, przyczynę zgonu osób w Polsce. Koniec życia osoby dotkniętej chorobą nowotworową jest regulowany przez prawo medyczne w obszarze opieki paliatywnej i hospicyjnej. Normy prawne tworzone w tak delikatnym obszarze winny kierować się w najwyższym stopniu obiektywnymi wartościami i stawiać godność osoby na pierwszym miejscu w hierarchii aksjologicznej. W artykule została zaproponowana interpretacja godności osobowej w filozofii personalistycznej. Dopiero bowiem właściwie przyjęty system aksjologii, oparty na metaaksjologii godności osobowej o treści nadanej przez filozofię personalizmu, pozwala we właściwy sposób tworzyć normy prawa medycznego dotyczące osób dotkniętych chorobami nowotworowymi, będących pod opieką paliatywną i hospicyjną. Co więcej, postulat interpretacji personalistycznej prawa medycznego ukazuje jedną z możliwości tworzenia prawa, dokładając materiał do rozważań w pojawiających się coraz częściej dyskusjach na temat dopuszczenia eutanazji oraz wszystkich innych praw i wolności człowieka dotkniętego nieuleczalna chorobą
„Erat hic ex provincia Opoliensi, Silesita”. O początkach opolskich Okszyców, przodków biskupa krakowskiego i wrocławskiego Nankera
Get PDFThe article discusses the origins of the bishop of Cracow and later of Wrocław: Nanker of the Oksza coat of arms. The Author, after rejecting the uncertain data from Nanker’s biography, notes that the only undisputed and acceptable genealogical information is Nanker’s father name and the fact that Nanker’s brother held the office of judge of Opole. This indicates that the bishop most likely came himself from the Opole region. Then the Author presents other Opolian noble families which in historiography were associated with Nanker or his ancestors. Based on available circumstantial evidence, the Author connects Nanker’s ancestors with the powerful Opole-born Andrzej of Maciowakrz
Why Do the Serbs Not Have Long Epic Poems: The Episodic Structure of Serbian Oral Epic Poetry
Get PDFThis research examines the structure of the oral poetic “text” in a Serbian heroic epic poem, with particular emphasis on the episode as a core unit of narrativity and its role in shaping the perception of reality. Specifically, the study explores how episodes contribute to constructing a distinct worldview. It will be demonstrated that, as a fragment of the broader worldview, an episode becomes intertwined with the poetic universe at the moment it is performed before a specific audience. The events depicted in the episode are typically framed by retrospection (i.e., referring to past events), while prospective narration – mainly through foreshadowing future events – serves to highlight the significance of these events or introduce the epic biography of the hero or their descendants. In this context, the analysis of the epic poem’s structure and meaning is intrinsically linked to the broader spiritual culture of the ethnosocium and the act of performance itself. Consequently, studying the fundamental elements of the epic poem’s structure and meaning extends beyond the boundaries of literary studies and enters the domains of ethnology, mythology, and cultural studies. The episode, often a self-contained fragment of the worldview, reflects a conceptual synthesis of historical, ethical, and socio-political elements, requiring an interdisciplinary approach for its interpretation. In light of this, the question of why the Serbs do not possess large epic poems is addressed with greater clarity
Sektor prywatny w państwie totalitarnym — funkcjonowanie rzemiosła w Polsce w latach 1945–1956
No full textAfter 1945, Poland found itself in the Soviet sphere of influence, which resulted in the implementation of a totalitarian state system. This process had certain economic ramifications. Among them was a gradual shift from a capitalist system to a command and distribution economy. This process was closely linked to the nationalization of private enterprise. However, private property was not completely eliminated. Despite the fact that it was subject to restrictions, it perservered. One of the areas in which its functioning was possible was craft. The article aims to address the reasons for which the private sector was not entirely liquidated, even though its presence went against the socialist principles and core values of the state. How did it manage to survive and function in the conditions of a totalitarian country? The research covers the years 1945–1956, that is the period of molding, strengthening and peak of the totalitarian phase of state. The year 1956 was something of a breakthrough. The Stalinist era was ending, and thus the specter of a complete nationalization of the economy.
The research shows that the authorities had initially tried to recruit craftsmen, and therefore did not emphasize the demands of the nationalization of the workshops. Craft benefited from the short period of post-war prosperity until the year 1947. After that it contracted, which was related to the tightening of the government’s policy towards private property. This was a consequence of the increasing pressure of the USSR to unify economic systems in the socialist countries. However, it should be emphasized that authorities in the economic sphere prioritized the accelerated industrialization of the country and the development of heavy industry. Therefore, craft was tolerated, especially services deemed pertinent to fulfilling the needs of the society. This situation lasted until the year 1956. The importance of craft was emphasized by the representatives of the Democratic Party, but their actual influence on the economic policy of the state was limited.
In summary, it can be stated that the survival of craft was determined by the pragmatism of the authorities, who were willing to tolerate a weak private sector (controlled and under surveillance) while it provided scarce goods and thus reduced social tensions. In addition to that, the government’s priority was the development of heavy industry, which was at the center of the state’s attention. Nevertheless, it cannot be ruled out that if it had not been for the changes that took place after the year 1956, the private sector would have been finally liquidated.After 1945, Poland found itself in the Soviet sphere of influence, which resulted in the implementation of a totalitarian state system. This process had certain economic ramifications. Among them was a gradual shift from a capitalist system to a command and distribution economy. This process was closely linked to the nationalization of private enterprise. However, private property was not completely eliminated. Despite the fact that it was subject to restrictions, it perservered. One of the areas in which its functioning was possible was craft. The article aims to address the reasons for which the private sector was not entirely liquidated, even though its presence went against the socialist principles and core values of the state. How did it manage to survive and function in the conditions of a totalitarian country? The research covers the years 1945–1956, that is the period of molding, strengthening and peak of the totalitarian phase of state. The year 1956 was something of a breakthrough. The Stalinist era was ending, and thus the specter of a complete nationalization of the economy.
The research shows that the authorities had initially tried to recruit craftsmen, and therefore did not emphasize the demands of the nationalization of the workshops. Craft benefited from the short period of post-war prosperity until the year 1947. After that it contracted, which was related to the tightening of the government’s policy towards private property. This was a consequence of the increasing pressure of the USSR to unify economic systems in the socialist countries. However, it should be emphasized that authorities in the economic sphere prioritized the accelerated industrialization of the country and the development of heavy industry. Therefore, craft was tolerated, especially services deemed pertinent to fulfilling the needs of the society. This situation lasted until the year 1956. The importance of craft was emphasized by the representatives of the Democratic Party, but their actual influence on the economic policy of the state was limited.
In summary, it can be stated that the survival of craft was determined by the pragmatism of the authorities, who were willing to tolerate a weak private sector (controlled and under surveillance) while it provided scarce goods and thus reduced social tensions. In addition to that, the government’s priority was the development of heavy industry, which was at the center of the state’s attention. Nevertheless, it cannot be ruled out that if it had not been for the changes that took place after the year 1956, the private sector would have been finally liquidated