CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Kryzys wspólnoty i zagrożenia dla tożsamości jednostki w horrorze rodzinnym
No full textThe aim of the article is to demonstrate the continuity in the depiction of community in horror from the 1960s to this day and to present threats to the individual identity that are manifested in contemporary family horror. The main assumptions is that today’s horror returns to the trends of the genre form the past decades and that community crisis affects the problem of individual identity. The theoretical basis includes issues such as the conflict between ethics and morality (Bauman), diagnosis regarding the topic of identity (Fukuyama, Taylor), as well as elements of genre theory (Carroll)
Przestrzeń w projekcie „DAU” w reżyserii Ilji Chrżanowskiego. Konteksty
No full textThe article is devoted to the analysis of space in the project “DAU”, directed by Ilya Khrzhanovsky in cooperation with Yekaterina Oertel, Alexei Slyusarchuk and Ilya Permakov, among others. Feature and documentary films that make up the project were shot in the years 2009–2012, mainly in Kharkiv, in a closed scientific institute, which was built exclusively for this purpose. The aim of the article is to examine selected spatial solutions in the project, to contextualize them, and, consequently, to link the film architecture with the behavioral sphere and the corporeality of the characters. The methodological tool, supporting the research of the text is the category of the underground, embedded in the work Notes from the Underground by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. In the process of interpretation, the author draws attention to the connections between the mechanisms of oppression functioning in the totalitarian system and the symbolic language of the body and architecture
Czy Ślązacy istnieją w mediach? Analiza doniesień prasowych na temat wyników narodowego spisu powszechnego z roku 2011 i 2021 w wybranych mediach
No full textHalf a million people in Poland declare Silesian nationality. These are data published by the Central Statistical Office after the National Census that took place in 2021. These declarations were considered a success by Silesian activists, especially since formally this social group in Poland only has the status of an ethnic group, and not of a national or ethnic minority. For years, Silesians have been seeking recognition of the Silesian minority and granting the language status to the Silesian ethnolect. One can read about the so-called “Silesian case” in the media, but not all of them. The aim of this article is to check how topics important for Silesians and the so-called “Silesian case” are described by the most frequently read newspapers in the Silesian voivodship and whether the method of reporting has changed over the years. This article presents a critical discourse analysis of selected media titles covering the Silesian voivodship, where, according to the Polish Central Statistical Office, most Silesians live. The analysis covered texts published after the publication of the results of the 2011 and 2021 National Censuses. On this basis, a comparative analysis was carried out, which allowed to demonstrate a change in the way of reporting on the so-called “Silesian case” in the regional media and reduction in the number of publications on this subject.Pół miliona osób w Polsce deklaruje narodowość śląską. To dane opublikowane przez Główny Urząd Statystyczny po Narodowym Spisie Powszechnym, który odbył się w 2021 roku. Deklaracje uznane zostały przez śląskich działaczy za sukces, tym bardziej, że formalnie ta grupa społeczna w Polsce ma jedynie status grupy etnicznej, a nie mniejszości narodowej czy etnicznej. Od lat Ślązacy zabiegają o uznanie śląskiej mniejszości i nadanie statusu języka etnolektowi śląskiemu. O tak zwanej śląskiej sprawie można przeczytać w mediach, jednak nie wszystkich. Celem artykułu jest sprawdzenie, w jaki sposób tematy istotne dla Ślązaków i śląska sprawa są opisywane przez najczęściej czytane gazety w województwie śląskim i jak zmienił się sposób relacjonowania tego tematu na przestrzeni lat. W artykule dokonano krytycznej analizy dyskursu wybranych tytułów prasowych obejmujących swoim zasięgiem województwo śląskie, gdzie według danych GUS mieszka najwięcej Ślązaków. Analiza objęła teksty ukazujące się po opublikowaniu wyników Narodowego Spisu Powszechnego z 2011 oraz 2021 roku. Na tej podstawie przeprowadzono analizę porównawczą, która pozwoliła wykazać zmianę w sposobie relacjonowania śląskiej sprawy na łamach mediów regionalnych oraz zmniejszenie liczby publikacji na ten temat
Współtworzenie usług społecznych w procesie deinstytucjonalizacji — rola diagnozy potrzeb
No full textThe article discusses the crucial role of needs assessment in the process of deinstitutionalizing social services. The author discusses how the co-creation of social services with local communities contributes to more individualized support that meets the real needs of the recipients. Special attention is given to the role of non-governmental organizations and collaboration with local governments in delivering these services. The needs assessment process enables effective planning of services so that they are tailored to the specific conditions and resources of local communities. The article emphasizes that individualized services can significantly improve the quality of life for those requiring support and their caregivers, which is particularly important in the context of deinstitutionalization and promoting independent living
Factors determining the possession of voluntary retirement savings by individuals
No full textThe aim of the article is to identify the demographic, economic, and financial factors influencing savings accumulation in Individual Private Pension Plans across selected European countries. The study utilized 2020 data from the Europe an Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. The countries selected for the study were those for which respondents answered the question on accumulating savings in individual pension plans. These countries included Poland, Czechia, Germany, Bulgaria, and Austria.
Based on the literature, potential factors that may influence the accumulation of retirement savings have been identified. Considering the available data, potential independent variables were selected: age, gender, marital status, type of work contract, self-defined current economic status, the ability to spend a small amount of money each week on oneself, and non-cash employee income.
The results obtained through logistic regression models revealed that not all analyzed variables were significant for each country. Only in Czechia did gender become a statistically significant determinant of savings in individual pension plans. In the case of Poland, Germany, Czechia, and Austria, the significant factors in systematically accumulating retirement capital by individuals are age and type of work contract. The ability to spend small amounts of money on oneself every week was statistically significant in Germany, Austria, and Czechia. For Bulgaria, non-cash employee income was the sole significant variable
Solo self-employed in Polish old-age security
No full textThis article explores the distinctive position of solo self-employed individuals in the Polish pension security system. The study investigates the motivations and business orientations of this group, emphasizing the necessity or choice of establishing a firm and their vulnerability levels. Employing a comparative analysis, the research delineates clear distinctions in contributions, responsibilities, access to additional insurance, and participation in social dialogue, classifying solo self-employed as a separate category. The article further demonstrates that, due to Polish legal solutions, solo self-employed individuals pay lower nominal contributions, potentially making them more attractive to employers than regular workers. A survey reveals a significant majority of solo self-employed would opt out of pension contributions if given the opportunity. The article concludes by underscoring the weaker position of solo self-employed individuals within the social security system compared to employees, highlighting their exposure to higher old-age risks. The study utilizes a comprehensive research methodology combining data analysis from various sources with insights from a survey of 400 self-employed individuals (including 211 solo-self-employed), providing nuanced insights into the social security landscape for solo self-employed individuals in Poland
From mathematical truth to a crisis of trust. Architectural visualisations and visual (dis)trust
No full textThe development of computer-generated visualisations over the past 50 years appears to have followed a trajectory typical of most new technologies. The 1980s and 1990s marked a period of experimentation aimed at achieving photorealistic effects – marked by hope and futuristic visions on the one hand, but also by concerns about preserving the role of the architect-artist on the other. The development of CAD software facilitated architects’ work, addressing challenges related to scaling and marking corrections. In the system of neoliberal capitalism, patterns have stabilised, resulting in the proliferation of architectural offices and the reinforcement of the role of investor-developers. A photorealistic style of visualisation, portraying an aestheticised reality, has become the dominant model, in line with the trend of so-called capitalist realism, while also reflecting a current crisis of trust in images. However, alternative solutions can be found, such as a return to architectural drawings, exemplified by Paweł Floryn, or provocative approaches, as seen in Łukasz Wojciechowski’s non-commercial visualisations illustrating an alternative history. The history of visualisation and its relationship to architectural illustration are examined here through the lens of visual trust, with a particular focus on the architectural milieu of Wrocław – a city with a strong tradition for new technologies, architectural drawing, and a spirit of contestation
Pomniki i ich retoryka jako trudny przypadek w prawie w czasach sprawiedliwości okresu przejściowego
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The article discusses the rhetoric of symbolic order, and, in particular—the rhetoric of monuments. Monuments, being symbolic messages, perform at least several communication functions, including those most relevant to this article—persuasive, informative, and, last but not least, aesthetic, which is equally applicable in this context. A transfer of power inevitably brings about some degree of change in symbolic order, and the more radical such a transfer is, the deeper the change. The rhetoric of power takes on a new shape. One of the most important dimensions of power are the aesthetics of the state and its politics, and thus, whenever transfer occurs, monuments often serve as exemplars of ongoing changes.
This observation hints at two closely related concepts in the philosophy of law that might inform the appropriate course of action concerning remnants of the past. The first one is the concept of hard cases in law, while the second is tied to the issue of transitional justice. The test of applicability of these two concepts came in the form of two cases—Pomnik wdzięczności Armii Czerwonej [Monuments of Gratitude to the Red Army] (1954) by Xawery Dunikowski and [Organs] (1966) by Władysław Hasior. This twofold philosophical framework provides a clearer and more straightforward explanation for these two cases, as well as more general conclusions for any similar cases in the future
Znieważenie jako element języka nienawiści. Kilka uwag o potrzebie redefinicji pojęcia „mowy nienawiści” na gruncie obowiązujących polskich regulacji prawnych
Full text linkHate speech, especially when disseminated online, is one of the most perennial problems in contemporary societies. In public discourse, it is commonly defined as any form of discriminatory statement or opinion that propagates hatred against specific groups, which, to name a few factors, can be distinguished by their place of origin, skin colour, nationality, or sexual orientation. However, as this research demonstrates, there is no consistent legal definition of hate speech, even though some attempts at forming one have been made in the literature on the subject. The overlap of offences regulated in article 257 with the ones specified in article 216 of the Polish Penal Code requires reconsideration of the definition of hate speech in the context of the criminal law. This article considers the definition of hate speech based on selected judicature of the Polish common courts and the Supreme Court of the Republic of Poland. It concludes that hate speech should be (re)defined to provide effective legal and institutional instruments to prevent and combat such crimes