European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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Organized Crime in Kosovo: A Comprehensive Analysis of Narcotics and Human Trafficking (2019-2023)
Get PDFOrganized crime poses an imminent threat in our society, driven by the pursuit of rapid wealth and power. The path to amassing large profits in a short time leads to various criminal activities, such as drug trafficking, human trafficking, and counterfeit goods, reaching global instances. This research is mainly about the Republic of Kosovo. The intent is to analyze organized crime from 2019 to 2023, taking a comprehensive interest in drug and human trafficking. Post-war countries usually struggle with extensive criminal networks that cause internal turmoil; as seen in Kosovo. Fostering criminal cooperation and battling corruption while providing security and safety remain significant internal issues. Its favorable location along the Balkan route and a pathway to illicit activities driven by criminal groups with destination Europe. Additionally, using a mixed-method approach, the research offers a holistic perspective on the changes over the years, emphasizing key enforcement challenges. It also uncovers how criminal networks take advantage of security challenges and legislative gaps to operate freely. Furthermore, the study concludes that stricter enforcement laws and intensified anti-corruption efforts are urgently needed. Improving security policies and practices, with a focus on greater collaboration with other Balkan countries, enhancing border control, and tightening oversight in northern Kosovo are also priorities. Implementing the proposed measures would improve Kosovo's fight against organized crime and serve as a combat model for other Balkan countries
Enquête Ethnobotanique des Plantes Medicinales dans le Traitement de la COVID-19 en Cote d’Ivoire
Get PDFAvec environ 5 millions de cas graves et 290 000 à 650 000 cas de décès par an, la COVID-19 est une maladie qui pose un problème de santé publique à l'échelle mondiale. Face à cette pandémie, les praticiens de médecine traditionnelle de Côte d’Ivoire ont fait usage de plusieurs plantes médicinales pour la prise en charge des symptômes liés à la pathologie. La présente étude, fruit d’enquête ethnobotanique menée à l’aide de questionnaire, pendant la période de crise mondiale de COVID-19, fait cas des formules et recettes à base de plantes médicinales utilisées pour la prise en charge de cette pathologie en Côte d’Ivoire. Ainsi, les résultats obtenus font cas de 57 espèces de plantes inventoriées dont les plus citées sont A. cordifolia 11%, Z. officinale 10%, O. gratissimum 8 % et A. boonei 6 % qui appartiennent à 4 familles floristiques différentes respectivement : les Euphorbiaceae, Zingiberaceae, Lamiaceae et Apocynaceae. L’analyse des données relatives aux relations existantes entre les espèces médicinales et les signes de la maladie montre que la plupart de ces espèces recensées pourraient intervenir dans la prise en charge symptomatique de la COVID-19. Les feuilles sont les organes les plus utilisés. Leurs Modes de préparation est la décoction et la principale voie d’administration est la voie orale. A juste titre, les résultats de ce travail constituent une source d’informations pouvant servir de base de données pour des études pharmacologiques visant à formuler de médicaments traditionnels améliorés dans la prise en charge des symptômes de la maladie à COVID-19.
With approximately 5 million serious cases and 290,000 to 650,000 deaths per year, COVID-19 is a disease that poses a global public health problem. Faced with this pandemic, traditional medicine practitioners in Côte d'Ivoire have used several medicinal plants to treat symptoms linked to the pathology. The present study, the result of an ethnobotanical survey carried out using questionnaires, during the period of the global COVID-19 crisis, takes into account the formulas and recipes based on medicinal plants used for the management of this pathology in Côte d'Ivoire. Thus, the results obtained cover 57 species of plants inventoried, the most cited of which are Alchornea cordifolia 11%, Zingiber officinale 10%, Ocimum gratissimum 8% and Alstonia boonei 6% which belong to 4 different floristic families respectively: Euphorbiaceae, Zingiberaceae, Lamiaceae and Apocynaceae. Analysis of data relating to existing relationships between medicinal species and signs of the disease shows that most of these species identified could be involved in the symptomatic management of COVID-19. The leaves are the most used organs. Their methods of preparation are decoctions and the main route of administration is oral. Rightly, the results of this work constitute a source of information that can serve as a database for pharmacological studies aimed at formulating improved traditional drugs in the management of symptoms of COVID-19 disease
Fife Years After Reform: Assessing the Adequacy of the Pension System in Georgia and EU Countries
Get PDFDue to demographic changes and increasing life expectancy, more people retire than are added to the workforce. This is the main reason why, in recent decades, there has been a wave of pension system reforms with the primary objective of improving their financial sustainability. However, several actions implemented as part of these reforms negatively affect the adequacy of pension systems because they involve a decrease in the replacement rate. Hence, balancing the goals of sustainability and adequacy poses a primary challenge for pension policymakers in the upcoming years. This paper aims to determine pension systems’ adequacy in Georgia and EU countries based on the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) indicators. OMC evaluates pension systems in terms of three main objectives: adequacy, sustainability, and modernization of pensions. Our methodology is based on multivariate statistical analysis and employs synthetic indicators for adequacy objectives for 2010, 2015, 2018, and 2023. The results of our study show an adverse change in pension system adequacy indicators from 2010 to 2023 in most European countries, including Georgia
Analyse du Consentement à Payer pour l’Assurance Agricole Indicielle des Producteurs du Sud-Borgou au Bénin
Get PDFL’objectif de l’étude est d’analyser le consentement à payer des producteurs pour l’assurance agricole indicielle. A cet effet, une enquête s’est déroulée auprès de 200 producteurs assurés ou non dans les villages d’intervention de l’assurance agricole indicielle dans le sud du département du Borgou au Bénin. Grâce aux méthodes de la statistique descriptive et économétrique, les données collectées ont été analysées à l’aide du logicielle Stata15. Les résultats issus de nos analyses montrent que 72,5% des producteurs enquêtés ont connaissance de l’assurance agricole indicielle, 81% sont disposés à payer pour l’assurance agricole indicielle et seulement 49% de l’échantillon ont réellement estimé un montant à payer pour l’assurance agricole indicielle relativement au prime payé qui s’élève à 10000 FCFA (17 USD). Ces producteurs estiment payer en moyenne 6132 FCFA soit 10,5 USD pour adopter l’assurance agricole indicielle. L’analyse des facteurs déterminants le consentement à payer pour l’assurance agricole indicielle par la méthode de double hurdle a montré que les variables appartenance à une association agricole, revenu du maïs et la superficie cultivée du maïs sont les variables qui influencent positivement le consentement du producteur à accepter payer pour l’assurance agricole indicielle au seuil de 5%. Dans le second modèle, les variables revenues du maïs et appartenance à un groupement ont une influence positive au seuil de 5%. Les variables alphabétisation, niveau d’instruction, héritage et la location des terres ont une influence négative au seuil de 5%. L’accès au crédit agricole a une influence positive sur le montant à payer des producteurs au seuil de 10%. Ainsi, le développement de l’assurance agricole indicielle dans ces communes doit tenir compte de ces variables pour sensibiliser les producteurs sur l’assurance agricole indicielle et établir des conditions pouvant permettre aux producteurs d’avoir un accès facile aux crédits afin d’améliorer le revenu de leurs exploitations agricoles. Cela favoriserait son adoption en masse par les producteurs.
The objective of the study is to analyze producers' willingness to pay for insurance agricultural index. To this end, a survey was carried out among 200 insured producers or no in the villages where index agricultural insurance operates in the south of the department from Borgou to Benin. Thanks to the methods of descriptive and econometric statistics, Data collected was analyzed using Stata15 software. The results from our analyzes show that 72.5% of the producers surveyed are aware of agricultural insurance index, 81% are willing to pay for index agricultural insurance and only 49% of the sample actually estimated an amount to pay for index agricultural insurance in relation to the premium paid which amounts to 10,000 FCFA (17 USD). These producers believe they pay on average 6132 FCFA or 10.5 USD to adopt index agricultural insurance. The analysis of factors determining willingness to pay for index agricultural insurance double hurdle showed that the variables belonging to an agricultural association, income from the method by corn and the cultivated area of corn are the variables that positively influence the consent of the producer to accept paying for index agricultural insurance at the threshold of 5%. In the second model, the variables corn income and membership in a group have a positive influence at the 5% threshold. The variables literacy, level of education, inheritance and land rental has a negative influence at the 5% threshold. Access to agricultural credit has a positive influence on the amount to be paid by producers at the 10% threshold. Thus, the development of index agricultural insurance in these municipalities must take these variables into account to raise awareness among producers about index agricultural insurance and establish conditions that can allow producers to have easy access to credits in order to improve the income of their agricultural exploitations. This would encourage its mass adoption by producers
Enhancing the Adoption of Financial Innovations to Foster Socioeconomic Welfare
Get PDFThe integration of digital technologies has garnered global attention, with a primary focus on their potential to streamline the convergence of digital and non-digital economies. This trend is poised to generate self-employment opportunities and spur socio-economic development, transcending geographic boundaries. In the context of Georgia, where the number of digitally connected individuals is on the rise, it becomes imperative to ascertain the extent to which financial technologies deployed in the financial services industry contribute to the well-being of the population and business representatives. This research aims to assess the benefits of these technologies while acknowledging that their utilization does not impede the future implementation of novel financial innovations by institutions in the sector. While including both, qualitative and quantitative analysis, the study examines the significance of financial technologies in the country's economy in terms of financial resources and the impact on the well-being and growth of the population and companies. Emphasizing user-centricity, it underscores the need to prioritize the fulfillment of users' requirements. Notably, it is not solely traditional financial institutions that shape the landscape, but also technology firms offering innovative products and services, which exert a critical influence on fostering a dynamic business environment. Furthermore, the evaluation of emerging technologies such as cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and blockchain elucidates their potential impact in enhancing the well-being of businesses and the general population. Nevertheless, given the current stage of their development, a comprehensive nationwide implementation of these technologies remains challenging
Une Infestation a Bilharziose Medullaire Mimant une Tumeur
Get PDFUn adolescent T.A âgé de 12 ans a présenté un déficit moteur des membres inférieurs d’installation progressive sur deux semaines, associé à des troubles génito-sphinctériens. A noter qu’il s’était baigné à plusieurs reprises en eau douce, suivie d’une hématurie en 2019. A l’examen, il présentait un syndrome de compression médullaire lent avec un niveau sensitif à T8.
L’IRM médullaire dorsale montrait deux infiltrations médullaires en regard des vertèbres T8 à T7 et de T5 à T2 simulant une tumeur. La sérologie bilharzienne était positive (titre =320 UI/L). La coprologie parasitaire a mis en évidence la présence d’œufs de Schistosoma mansoni. Nous avons obtenu une récupération de la motricité au bout d’un délai de 6 mois, après traitement.
A 12-year-old T.A adolescent presented with a motor deficit of the lower limbs that gradually developed over two weeks, associated with genito-sphincter disorders. Note that he had bathed several times in fresh water, followed by hematuria in 2019. On examination, he presented with slow spinal cord compression syndrome with a sensory level at T8.
The dorsal spinal cord MRI showed two spinal cord infiltrations next to the vertebrae T 8 to T7 and T5 to T2 simulating a tumor. Bilharzial serology was positive (titer = 320 IU/L). Parasitic coprology revealed the presence of Schistosoma mansoni eggs. We obtained recovery of motor skills after a period of 6 months, after treatment
Appraisal Theory: Can It Be Applied to Visual Images in Isolation to the Text?
Get PDFThe role of women in Saudi society is changing, but even the process of reform is subject to multiple interpretations. This makes the role of resemiosis when interpreting visual media particularly important, perhaps more than a direct focus on the semiotic modes adopted.
Appraisal Theory captures this judgement process in terms of emotions experience by the reader/viewer and how the wider context such as the full news article, or even just the headline, forms a part of this process.
This argues that in contested situations resemiosis is a critical part of the process and sometimes the apparent interpretation of a single image (intersemiosis) can be different to the interpretation of the whole. In these cases, it is not just that different semiotic modes carry different meanings but that a focus on one in isolation can be misleading as to the overall intent
Sustainable Marketing as a Buyer's Motivating Factor in the Retail Business: Example of Georgia
Get PDFIn recent years, sustainability has emerged as a significant challenge for the business sector, particularly in the retail industry. Business owners continue to harbor doubts about producing sustainable products, as it requires adjustments to their product segment and marketing strategies. The paper highlights the importance of sustainable marketing in the retail sector and discusses it as a motivating factor from the customers’ perspective. This study focuses on examining the role of sustainable marketing and creating the profile of “sustainable buyers” by utilizing a case study of Georgia. In accordance with the quantitative research method, the paper identifies how sustainable marketing influences buyers’ choice and provides evidence for the hypothesis that sustainable marketing serves as a motivational factor in the retail sector, exerting significant influence on the decision-making process
Nakae Chomin’s World of Thought and Ideology of the Meiji Period through the “Gentleman” Character in “A Discourse by Three Drunkards on Government (Sansuijin Keirin Mondo)”
Get PDFFrom the second half of the 19th century, many intellectuals of the Meiji Japan serve as a referance for us in order to understand the roadmap of Japan which has revealed an important modernization story under the name of the Meiji Restoration. One of the enlightened thinkers we come across at this point is Nakae Chōmin. Nakae Chōmin, (1847-1901) contributed to the establishment of concepts such as freedom, equality, democracy and constitutionalism in the political memory of Japan through his articles. At the same time, he created a concept memory in the Japanese political thought and brought new concepts to the Japanese language.
In this study, ideology analysis was made in “Sansuijin Keirin Mondō (A Discourse by Three Drunkards on Government)” which is called Nakae Chōmin’s masterpiece and conveys the ideas of the Meiji period to the reader through different characters. In this work, written with the Socratic dialogue method, the understanding of modernism, idealism, pacifism, freedom, equality, democracy etc. was examined by focusing on the “Gentleman”, one of the characters described as Nakae Chōmin’s alter ego. At the conclusion of the study, we have determined that a great majority of the ideas put forward by the character of “Gentleman” are also included in Nakae Chōmin’s intellectual framework, especially in the liberal views before 1891
Communication Gaps in Georgian Palliative Medicine: Ethical and Legal Review
Get PDFIntroduction: Difficulties in communication, decision-making, and end-of-life management have emerged in the implementation of palliative care in recent decades. The imperfection of ethical issues was also highlighted. This fact is confirmed once again by a study conducted by the oncology department of the Batumi High-technology Hospital, which aimed to study the adequate perception of existing oral pathologies by patients under palliative care and their impact on the quality of life.
Aim: We aimed to discuss the mentioned problem within the framework of bioethics and Georgian legislation.
Methods: Despite the few amount of literary sources, we tried to discuss the mentioned issue based on Georgian legislation and also existing literature.
Conclusion: Thus, as we mention in medical activities there are cases when the real diagnosis is not told to the patient for ,,his favor'', also there are cases when an inappropriate diagnosis is made, which can lead the patient to a fatal condition. In this case, the patient can civilly protect his rights.
The best option is to provide the patient with information in the correct form so that it does not mean the end of the world and does not cause depression in him. The patient should be able to pass the last stage of life peacefully and with dignity