European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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The Opportunity for Profit to College Student-AthletesAnalysis Study
Get PDFAccording to Romero (2018), NCAA athletes should receive better compensation; he also said that demand for elite professional athletes is related to salary, just as in any professional industry. Collegiate student-athletes devote daily time and energy to completing their profession. The likelihood of a high school student-athlete taking part in a collegiate sport is extremely low. This number drops even more for student-athletes who receive full-ride scholarships. Although some college student-athletes are compensated through educational opportunities or academic scholarships, they still live at or below the national poverty level. The NCAA is a nonprofit organization that regulates collegiate sports. This recent study emphasizes the livelihood of collegiate student-athletes and the rules they must follow; more so, it investigated the possible opportunities that college student-athletes might have. These opportunities may come in the form of future compensation challenges and endorsement opportunities. Additionally, this study looked at the coach’s salaries compared to collegiate student-athletes’ opportunities to profit from their crafts
A Systemic Functional Analysis of Wole Soyinka’s Death and the King’s Horseman
Get PDFThis paper is about the systemic functional analysis of Wole Soyinka’s Death and the King’s Horseman, on the basis of the postulate that African classical literary works connote some significant functions. The methodology used in this analysis is the mixed method approach, which is a combination of both quantitative and qualitative linguistic data. Two extracts are therefore selected from the play on a qualitative basis, taking into account the relevance of the exchange in terms of information and the characters involved in the exchange. These are split into numbered and analyzable units referred to as clauses in which the various mood components are meticulously and quantitatively identified. The results reveal that the extracts are essentially concerned with propositions, that is, the exchange of information about the rite. Some services are realized through proposals. Modal variables are profusely used in the extracts under consideration, highlighting interlocutors’ various attitudes and judgments regarding the traditional ritual of the king’s horseman death. The analysis of the exchange has uncovered the pecking order defined by the colonial administrators whose behaviors are profoundly marked by prejudices regarding the rite. Thus, Soyinka’s play functions as a tool for information and education about the African worldview
Sexe et Bien-Etre Subjectif chez des Diabetiques du Centre Anti Diabetique d’Abidjan (Cote d’Ivoire)
Get PDFLa présente étude a pour objectif d’étudier l’impact du sexe sur le bien-être subjectif chez des diabétiques. L’étude a été réalisée auprès de 170 diabétiques de type 2 suivi au centre anti diabétique d’Abidjan (CADA). L’âge des participants est compris entre 37 et 73 ans. L’étude est composée de 85 hommes et 85 femmes. Pour réaliser l’étude, la démarche méthodologique se fonde sur la recherche documentaire, l’observation directe et l’enquête de terrain au moyen de questionnaires. Deux questionnaires ont été utilisés pour réaliser l’étude, l’échelle de mesure « Positive and Negative Affect Scale » et l’échelle de satisfaction de vie pour mesurer le bien-être subjectif (Caci et Bayle, 2007 ; Diener et al, 1985). Ces deux outils représentent respectivement les volets affectif et cognitif du bien-être subjectif. Les résultats de l’étude montrent que le sexe influence le volet affectif du bien-être subjectif, mais n’a pas d’impact sur le volet cognitif du bien-être subjectif. En effet, les hommes et les femmes n’ont pas les mêmes évaluations du bien-être subjectif. Ces résultats trouvent leur explication dans la théorie de l’évaluation cognitive de Lazarus (1991). Cette étude permettrait d’avoir des interventions mixtes du médecin et du psychologue dans la prise en charge du diabétique en vue de favoriser son bien-être subjectif.
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of gender on the subjective well-being of diabetics. The study involved 170 type 2 diabetics followed at the Abidjan diabetes centre (CADA). The ages of the participants ranged from 37 to 73. The study included 85 men and 85 women. The study methodology was based on documentary research, direct observation and a field survey using questionnaires. Two questionnaires were used to conduct the study: the Positive and Negative Affect Scale and the Life Satisfaction Scale to measure subjective well-being (Caci and Bayle, 2007; Diener et al, 1985). These two tools represent the affective and cognitive aspects of subjective well-being respectively. The results of the study show that gender influences the affective component of subjective well-being, but has no impact on the cognitive component of subjective well-being. In fact, men and women do not have the same assessments of subjective well-being. These results can be explained by Lazarus' (1991) theory of cognitive evaluation. This study would make it possible to have mixed interventions by the doctor and the psychologist in the care of diabetics with a view to promoting their subject well-being
Formes Topographiques des Arthroses des Membres en Consultation Rhumatologique à Abidjan
Get PDFObjectif: Déterminer la fréquence et les formes topographiques des arthroses des membres en rhumatologie à Abidjan.
Méthodologie: Etude transversale réalisée dans le service de rhumatologie du CHU de Cocody à Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) sur une période allant du 31 Août 2023 au 10 Mai 2023. Deux cent quatre-vingt-six patients venus en consultation de rhumatologie présentant des arthralgies mécaniques des membres et disposant des imageries ont été inclus. Les critères de Kellgren et Lawrence avaient permis la classification des stades radiologiques de l’arthrose des membres. Nous nous sommes intéressés aux données sociodémographiques, cliniques et paracliniques.
Résultats: La fréquence hospitalière des arthroses des membres était de 37.63% soit 286 sur 760 patients recensés pendant la période d’étude. L’effectif comprenait 201 femmes (70,27%) et 85 hommes (29,72%) avec un âge moyen de 55 ans ± 11 ans (Extrême : 22 ans et 84 ans). La principale catégorie socio-professionnelle était le secteur informel (34,96%). La majorité des patients avait un niveau socio-économique bas (80,2%) et vivait en milieu urbain (92,06%). Les antécédents les plus retrouvés étaient l’hypertension (33,21%) et l’ulcère gastro-duodénal (17,13%). Les patients étaient obèses à 68,18%. La durée moyenne d’évolution des symptômes jusqu’au diagnostic était de 11 mois. On retrouvait 185 localisations d’arthrose aux membres inférieurs (64,68%) et de 101 localisations aux membres supérieurs (35,31%). Les formes topographiques observées aux membres inférieurs incluaient : gonarthrose 163 (88,10%) ; coxarthrose 14 (7,56%); arthrose de la cheville 7 (3,78%), arthrose du mediopied (1,08%). Aux membres supérieurs, les localisations observées étaient les suivantes : arthrose de l’épaule: 21 (20,79%) ; arthrose digitale: 67 (66,33%), arthrose du coude 7 (6,93%), arthrose du poignet 9(8,91%).
Conclusion : L’arthrose touche plus les membres inférieurs que les membres supérieurs. Le genou reste sa localisation la plus fréquente.
Objective: Determine the prevalence and topographies of osteoarthritis of the limbs in patients seen in rheumatology in Abidjan.
Methodology: Cross-sectional study was conducted in the rheumatology department of the Cocody University Hospital in Abidjan (Ivory Coast) from 31st August 2023 to 10 May 2023. Two hundred and eighty-six patients who came for a rheumatology consultation presenting with mechanical arthralgia of the limbs and with imagery were included. The Kellgren and Lawrence criteria allowed the classification of the radiological stages of osteoarthritis of the limbs. We were interested in sociodemographic, clinical and paraclinical data.
Results: The hospital frequency of osteoarthritis of the limbs was 37.63% i.e 286 out of 760 patients surveyed during the study period. There were 201 women (70.27%) and 85 men (29.72%) with an average age of 55 years ± 11 years (Extreme: 22 years and 84 years). The dominant socio-professional category was the informal sector (34.96%). The majority of patients had a low socio-economic level (80.2%) and lived in urban area (92.06%). The most common antecedents were hypertension (33.21%) and peptic ulcer (17.13%). The patients were 68.18% obese. The average duration of symptom progression until diagnosis was 11 months. There were 185 localizations of osteoarthritis in the lower limbs (64.68%) and 101 localizations in the upper limbs (35.31%). The different topographies in the lower limbs included: knees 163 (88.10%); hips 14 (7.56%); osteoarthritis of the ankle 7 (3.78%), osteoarthritis of the midfoot (1.08%). For the upper limbs, the localizations observed were as follows : digital osteoarthritis 67 (66.33%), osteoarthritis of shoulder 21 (20.79%), osteoarthritis of elbow 7 (6.93%), osteoarthritis of wrist 9 (8.91%).
Conclusion: Osteoarthritis affects more the lower limbs than the upper limbs. The knee remains its most frequent localization
Pro Dynamique de l’Exploitation des Produits Forestiers non Ligneux Commercialisés dans le Département de Goudomp, Sénégal
Get PDFDans le contexte de rareté des ressources forestières, évaluer le degré d’exploitation des produits forestiers non ligneux est crucial pour comprendre les pressions exercées sur les produits forestiers non ligneux et in fine de mettre en place des stratégies visant une exploitation rationnelle et durable des produits forestiers non ligneux. Cette étude a pour objectifs d’analyser la dynamique d’exploitation des produits forestiers non ligneux. Un suivi de l’exploitation des produits forestiers non ligneux a été réalisé chez 260 exploitants répartis en 30 groupements. Un questionnaire et un guide d’entretien ont été utilisés pour la collecte des données complémentaires et ont été administrés auprès de 150 producteurs au niveau de quatre communes Les résultats montrent qu’entre 2012 et 2018, le volume d’exploitation du pain de singe est passé de 20,087 tonnes à 88,457 tonnes, de 1,19 T à 45,231 tonnes pour le Saba. Celui du miel est passé de 4 354 litres en 2012 à 6 694 litres, de10 280 litres à 35 563 litres pour l’huile de palme. Quant au Néré, son exploitation est passée de 79, 996 tonnes en 2012 à 263, 141 tonnes. La commercialisation des produits exploités a permis de générer plus de 208 859 000 millions de FCFA par an. Il ressort des enquêtes de perception que l’ensemble des produits forestiers subissent une forte pression et que leur disponibilité est de plus en plus faible. Dès lors, des stratégies résilientes sont à adopter allant de l’exploitation contrôlée à la conservation de ces ressources.
In the context of scarce forest resources, assessing the degree of exploitation of non-timber forest products is crucial to understanding the pressures exerted on non-timber forest products and, ultimately, to implementing strategies aimed at rational and sustainable exploitation of non-timber forest products. The aim of this study is to analyze the dynamics of non-timber forest product exploitation. Non-timber forest product harvesting was monitored among 260 farmers in 30 groups. A questionnaire and interview guide were used to collect additional data, and were administered to 150 producers in four communes. The results show that between 2012 and 2018, the volume of monkey bread harvested rose from 20.087 tonnes to 88.457 tonnes, and from 1.19 T to 45.231 tonnes for Saba. Honey production rose from 4,354 liters in 2012 to 6,694 liters, and palm oil from 10,280 liters to 35,563 liters. Néré production rose from 79.996 tonnes in 2012 to 263.141 tonnes. The marketing of harvested products generated more than 208,859,000 million FCFA per year. Perception surveys show that all forest products are under heavy pressure, and that their availability is becoming increasingly limited. Resilient strategies must therefore be adopted, ranging from controlled harvesting to conservation of these resources
The Politics of Secularism in Ethiopia: Repression and/or Co-option towards EOTC
Get PDFSecularism in Ethiopia has not been practiced as stipulated in the 1995 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) constitution, separation of state and religion. Instead consecutive regimes since the introduction of secularism employed a tactic of co-option and repression towards the Ethiopia Orthodox Tewahido Church (EOTC) to meet their political objectives. This paper thus tried to address the nature and manifestation of government intervention in the EOTC through either co-option and/or repression with a special emphasis on the post 2018 regime. The study argues de-facto secularism in Ethiopia is far from the essence of separation of state and religion; it is a new version of religion industriously implemented by governments to upgrade the Orthodox Church in a way that fits with the political system. The secular regimes co-opted and repressed the church conditionally at any cost of the institution through Machiavellian approach. The study also finds that the Prosperity led regime was actively involved in the internal affairs of the church; in early days through co-option in the name of reconciliation with the exile synod. And in the later days via repression; massive killing of orthodox followers, burning of churches and restriction on church’s annual ceremony the like epiphany are the manifestations.  
Comparative Analysis of the Treatment of the Alcestis-Stuff by Euripides and by Wilder
Get PDFThis is the starting point of the following analysis: Life and death belong indissolubly together, but nobody of us knows what is waiting for us when we will have died. According to Christian religion the dead shall resurrect again and start immediately into an eternal life full of happiness in an unknown atmosphere without any sorrows and any problems to overcome. The ancient writers, that lived before Jesus Christ, had at hand an underworld as the realm of that god that is responsible for death. In very rare and exceptional cases a very deserved dead is given the allowance to enter again into his former earthen life. This procedure of bringing a dead person back to life might be a kind of deal between deities and mankind in this way that another person had to die and then to live in the underworld instead of the doomed person. This stuff is a subject-matter of legends, fairy tales and finally of classical drama. The heroes of the drama are Admetus and Alcestis – a royal couple; Admetus is doomed to death and his wife Alcestis wants to die instead of her husband. This treatise is written by an author who is as well a lawyer as a philologist. The treatise uses modern methods of literary comparison, that the author did learn at the examples of ancient texts and modern texts at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Saarland (Germany). The comparison between the Euripides-version and the Wilder-version is not an end in itself, the comparison aims to show the given literary differences based on the history of the development of the Alcestis-stuff in the light of the fact that the ancient text is the source for the modern text. Thus it becomes once more clear that the texts of old Greek authors do live on in a figurative sense until modern times. Wilder himself is a modern American author who consciously sought connection to antiquity, also because he did go through very intensive university courses in archaeology. This connection to ancient Greek literature, of course, makes modern American literature very attractive for European readers and for readers from other areas of the world
Artificial Intelligence and Fact Checking in Africa: Between the Logic of Dependency and the Limits of Automation
Get PDFThis article focuses on fact-checking initiatives in the context of the rise of artificial intelligence. With reference to theories of the political economy of communication and platform studies, this study sheds light on the very confusing evolution of initiatives in Africa. The approach combines content analysis and distanced observation of two fact-checking platforms, chosen on the basis of their local roots and the experimentation of smart tools: Africa Check and Check4Decision. The results highlight the economic and technological dependencies of African platforms on GAFAM via factchecking services and an automation process that is far from complete with regard to local realities. It appears that the African context provides a different perspective with structural constraints and “cultural” algorithmic biases
The Moderating Role of Technological Capabilities in the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Marketing and Firm Performance: A Qualitative Approach
Get PDFEntrepreneurial marketing (EM) is a dynamic and innovative approach to marketing that is particularly well-suited for startups and small businesses. Thus, the study focuses on Sudanese SMEs in order to assist them in achieving profitability, sustainability, and competitive advantage in the long term. Consequently, our objectives are to develop the research pre-model and to explore in depth how entrepreneurs, managers, and employees of SMEs in Khartoum-Sudan are familiar with the concepts of the research pre-model, and how they can employ and take advantage of study concepts. To achieve these objectives, we relayed on the qualitative method an inductive approach to test the validity and to develop the research pre-model. Hence, we have designed an open-ended question scenario and conducted a certain interview utilizing multiple qualitative methods to gather the data from the purposive sample which consists of (15) individuals. We have divided the scenario into three main parts of questions, first open-ended questions about EM, in this regard the most important question that has been asked to the interviewees was “What are the factors/dimensions that comes to your mind when you hear about EM”? Secondly, open-ended questions about technological capabilities TCPs. “The commonly thought view of TCPs proposes that firms with strong technological capability can rapidly identify technological opportunities and the value of technological resources and utilizing modern equipment, in this scope benefits of entrepreneurial marketing should therefore be enhanced by a firm’s high technological capability”. e.g., “What are the expected advantages that will be rewarded by employing TCPs in SMEs”? Finally, we have grouped data into concepts, categories, and themes and then utilized a manual-thematic analysis as a method for identifying, analyzing, and interpreting patterns within data. In this scope we have analyzed the data and interpreted the results within three main themes. Accordingly, significant new dimensions have been discovered and generated which led to our final developed and adapted research model
Analyse du Consentement à Payer Pour l’Assurance Agricole Indicielle des Producteurs du Sud-Borgou au Bénin
Get PDFL’objectif de l’étude est d’analyser le consentement à payer des producteurs pour l’assurance agricole indicielle. A cet effet, une enquête s’est déroulée auprès de 200 producteurs assurés ou non dans les villages d’intervention de l’assurance agricole indicielle dans le sud du département du Borgou au Bénin. Grâce aux méthodes de la statistique descriptive et économétrique, les données collectées ont été analysées à l’aide du logiciel Stata15. Les résultats issus de nos analyses montrent que 72,5% des producteurs enquêtés ont connaissance de l’assurance agricole indicielle, 81% sont disposés à payer pour l’assurance agricole indicielle et seulement 49% de l’échantillon ont réellement estimé un montant à payer pour l’assurance agricole indicielle relativement au prime payé qui s’élève à 10000 FCFA (17 USD). Ces producteurs estiment payer en moyenne 6132 FCFA soit 10,5 USD pour adopter l’assurance agricole indicielle. L’analyse des facteurs déterminants le consentement à payer pour l’assurance agricole indicielle par la méthode de double hurdle a montré que les variables appartenance à une association agricole, revenu du maïs et la superficie cultivée du maïs sont les variables qui influencent positivement le consentement du producteur à accepter payer pour l’assurance agricole indicielle au seuil de 5%. Dans le second modèle, les variables revenues du maïs et appartenance à un groupement ont une influence positive au seuil de 5%. Les variables alphabétisation, niveau d’instruction, héritage et la location des terres ont une influence négative au seuil de 5%. L’accès au crédit agricole a une influence positive sur le montant à payer des producteurs au seuil de 10%. Ainsi, le développement de l’assurance agricole indicielle dans ces communes doit tenir compte de ces variables pour sensibiliser les producteurs sur l’assurance agricole indicielle et établir des conditions pouvant permettre aux producteurs d’avoir un accès facile aux crédits afin d’améliorer le revenu de leurs exploitations agricoles. Cela favoriserait son adoption en masse par les producteurs.
This paper focuses on analyzing producers' willingness to pay for insurance agricultural index. As a result, a survey was carried out among 200 insured producers in villages where index agricultural insurance operates in the southern region of Borgou in Benin. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive and econometric statistical methods with Stata15 software. Furthermore, the results from our analysis show that 72.5% of the producers surveyed are aware of the agricultural insurance index, 81% are willing to pay for index agricultural insurance, and only 49% of the sample actually estimated an amount to pay for index agricultural insurance in relation to the premium paid which amounts to 10,000 FCFA (17 USD). These producers believe they pay, on average, 6132 FCFA or 10.5 USD to adopt index agricultural insurance. The analysis of the factors that determines their willingness to pay for index agricultural insurance using a double hurdle model showed that the variables such as membership in an agricultural association, income derived from corn production, and the cultivated area of corn positively influence the consent of the producer to accept paying for index agricultural insurance at the threshold of 5%. In the second model, the variables of corn income and membership in a group have a positive influence at the 5% threshold. Also, variables such as literacy, level of education, inheritance, and land rental have a negative influence at the 5% threshold. Access to agricultural credit has a positive influence on the amount to be paid by producers at the 10% threshold. The development of index agricultural insurance in these municipalities must take these variables into account to raise awareness among producers about index agricultural insurance. However, it is important to establish conditions that can allow producers to have easy access to credits to improve the income of their agricultural exploitations. This would encourage its mass adoption by producers