European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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Response of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties to Critical Period of Crop-Weed Interference in West Coast Region of The Gambia
Get PDFField trials were conducted in the 2021 rainy season at the National Agricultural Research Institute Banjulinding (NARI Site III) and the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of The Gambia (UTG Faraba Banta). The study aimed to determine the critical period of crop-weed interference on weed attributes, growth and yield of groundnut varieties. Hence, the objective was to determine a specific timeframe critical for weed management as well as growth and yield responses of the two groundnut varieties (Fleur 11 and Philippine pink) to weed competition. The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design with Nine (9) treatments replicated three times. The treatments tested were as follows: Weed-free up to 21 DAS, Weed-free up to 42DAS, Weed-free up to 63DAS, Weed-free check (75DAS), Weed Infestation up to 21DAS, Weed Infestation up to 42 DAS, Weed Infestation up to 63 DAS, Weedy check. The Groundnut variety used as a test crop was Fleur 11. The results revealed that weed-free check (75 DAS) recorded the highest mean weed control efficiency (98.3 %) and lowest percentage of weed infestation (22.0%) followed by Weed-free up to 63DAS with 85% weed control efficiency and 39% weed infestation in both locations. The critical period for crop-weed interference in the groundnut variety tested was observed to be between 21 DAS to 63 DAS. The mean pod yield of the groundnut varieties was found to increase from 769kg/ha at 21 DAS to 967kg/ha at 63 DAS with a decrease in weed density in both trials. The weedy situation was found to decline the pod yield of the groundnut varieties by 58% to 87% in Site III and UTG Faraba, respectively
Assessing Program Satisfaction and Employment Outcomes Among Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Graduates of Notre Dame of Jolo College
Get PDFThe study assessed BSIT graduates' program satisfaction, employment outcomes, and the usefulness of their academic program for employment. It also examined factors influencing school and program selection, institutional values, and employment aspects such as status, sector, salary, wait time, and position. Program satisfaction was measured across teaching, learning, study conditions, guidance, competency attainment, and employment readiness. It further explored whether employment readiness, institutional values, and employment status predict program satisfaction. A sample of 58 respondents participated in a survey, selected through stratified sampling from a population of 111. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. Results showed that holistic education influenced school selection, while program choice was shaped by resources and qualified faculty. The employment rate was 66%, with 61% working in the government sector. Among the employed, 50% found jobs within six months, 63% held non-permanent roles, 39% earned below the median salary, and 87% held rank-and-file positions. Graduates reported the highest satisfaction in teamwork-based teaching, respectful interaction, modern learning tools, and hands-on training. They found problem analysis skills useful for employment and identified God-fearing and respect as core institutional values. Regression analysis indicated that employment readiness and being employed significantly predicted program satisfaction. Graduates confirmed the program’s relevance to their employment and growth. Those who were work-ready and employed reported greater satisfaction. While values like being God-fearing and respectful were appreciated, they had minimal impact on program satisfaction. The study recommended integrating hands-on training, job-readiness modules, and career guidance into the BSIT curriculum, and aligning program content with industry needs through regular stakeholder input
Discovering the best practices of Total Quality Management influencing performance in the Moroccan hospitality industry
Get PDFThe present study explores the link between Total Quality Management and hotel performance with a particular focus on identifying best practices from the European Foundation for Quality Management that can enhance business results in the hospitality sector. A quantitative confirmatory study was conducted using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire distributed to 93 Moroccan hotels, specifically targeting senior managers with expertise in quality management. The collected data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The results reveal that Total Quality Management (TQM) serves as a key driver of both financial and customer performance within hotels. Furthermore, strategy and processes emerged as the most influential enablers of enhanced hotel performance, as they guide decision-making and ensure that activities are aligned with organizational objectives. While leadership, people, and resources play a more supportive role, they remain essential for the successful implementation of strategic initiatives. Their contribution is realized through fostering employee motivation, promoting effective teamwork, and optimizing the use of financial and technological resources. This research offers a unique empirical contribution by examining how hotels embrace a key managerial approach to enhance their performance. Additionally, the study focuses on a widely recognized model for business excellence, offering a targeted and in-depth analysis of how specific practices within this framework can impact hotel performance
Expérience subjective de l’environnement inclusif de l’enfant avec le trouble déficitaire d’attention avec hyperactivité à travers le test de Rorschach
Get PDFOn sait peu de choses de l’expérience des enfants avec le Trouble Déficitaire d’attention avec Hyperactivité en situation d’inclusion. L’objectif de la présente étude est donc de comprendre l’expérience subjective de l’environnement inclusif des enfants avec le Trouble Déficitaire d’attention avec Hyperactivité de l’école inclusive du Centre National de Réhabilitation des Personnes Handicapées d’Etoug-Ebé, Yaoundé. Le phénomène a été exploré à l’aide d’un devis qualitatif. Cinq enfants avec le Trouble Déficitaire d’attention avec Hyperactivité ont participé à l’étude. La passation individuelle du test de Rorschach a permis de recueillir les données, qui ont par la suite été soumises à une analyse qualitative interprétative. Les résultats obtenus brossent un portrait holistique de l’expérience des enfants avec le Trouble Déficitaire d’attention avec Hyperactivité qui reflètent les aspects négatifs de leur environnement inclusif. Les recommandations pragmatiques, formulées à partir des résultats de l’étude, orientent la pratique inclusive et l’accompagnement de ces enfants au quotidien.
Little is known about the experience of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in inclusive settings. The aim of the present study is therefore to understand the subjective experience of the inclusive environment of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder at the inclusive school of the Centre National de Réhabilitation des Personnes Handicapées d'Etoug-Ebé, Yaoundé. The phenomenon was explored using a qualitative design. Five children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder participated in the study. Data were collected by means of an individual Rorschach test and then subjected to an interpretative qualitative analysis. The results paint a holistic picture of hyperactive children's experience, reflecting the negative aspects of their inclusive environment. Pragmatic recommendations, formulated on the basis of the study's findings, guide inclusive practice and the day-to-day accompaniment of these children
Etre porteur de trisomie 21 et réussir dans le domaine artistique : analyse de la contribution du soutien à l’autodétermination au développement des compétences artistiques en contexte camerounais
Get PDFCette étude concerne les apprenants du Centre National de Réhabilitation des Personnes Handicapées (CNRPH) au Cameroun atteints de trisomie 21 et inscrits dans les différents ateliers d’art de ce Centre. Elle vise la description des pratiques de soutien à l’autodétermination et sa contribution aux compétences artistiques des sujets T21. Nous avons à cet effet, mené des entrevus semi-dirigés avec les enseignants et les apprenants et avons établi une grille d’observation pour les compétences construites. Les résultats relèvent que lorsque les enseignants : offrent des possibilités de faire des choix ; privilégient le rôle de guide plutôt que celui du maître ; donnent des feed-back positifs et instaurent un climat de confiance chez les apprenants, on observe ces derniers faire preuve d’engagement avec persévérance et ténacité dans les activités artistiques en organisant, choisissant et mobilisant les gestes, outils et langage adaptés. Aussi, les élèves perçoivent en ces actes de soutien, des sources de motivation, d’accroissement de leur engagement et d’amélioration dans la planification de leurs activités.
This study concerns learners from the National Center for the Rehabilitation of Persons with Disabilities (CNRPH) in Cameroon suffering from Down syndrome and enrolled in the various art workshops of this center. It aims to describe support practices aimed at the development of self-determination by teachers on artistic skills of Students with Down syndrome. To this end, we conducted semi-structured interviews with teachers and learners and established an observation grid for the skills developed. The results show that when teachers: offer opportunities to make choices; prioritize the role of guide rather than that of master; give positive feedback and establish a climate of trust among learners, we observe the latter showing commitment with perseverance and tenacity in artistic activities by organizing, choosing and mobilizing the appropriate gestures, tools and language.. Also, students perceive in these acts of support sources of motivation, increased commitment and improvement in the planning of their activities
The U.S.-Iraq War’s Legacy in Global Terrorism and the Taliban’s Return to Power
Get PDFThe 2003 U.S.-Iraq War, initiated with claims of eliminating weapons of mass destruction and removing Saddam Hussein, has had lasting effects that influence global security today. Although the main military objectives were quickly met, the war's long-term consequences extended well beyond Iraq itself. This article explores how the invasion and occupation unintentionally fostered an environment conducive to terrorism - not just in Iraq but throughout the region and worldwide. Actions like disbanding Iraq’s military, alienating Sunni communities, and increasing sectarian violence fueled the rise of radical groups such as ISIS, which exploited instability and grievances to consolidate power. Meanwhile, the extended U.S. military involvement in the Middle East drew focus and resources away from Afghanistan, hampering efforts to establish lasting governance and security. This diversion enabled the Taliban to reorganize, strengthen, and eventually retake power in 2021 after U.S. forces withdrew. The analysis highlights how these two major conflicts are linked, showing that policy choices from the early 2000s unintentionally strengthened the very extremist groups they sought to oppose. By examining the unintended effects of the Iraq War and its connection to the Taliban’s resurgence, this paper highlights the broader impacts of military intervention, the intricacies of state-building in conflict zones, and the long-term obstacles in the global fight against terrorism. Grasping these links is essential for developing more effective and responsible foreign policy in the future
Facteurs associés à la survenue récurrente de l'épidémie de choléra en mairie de Bujumbura
Get PDFDans cet article, les méthodes statistiques probabilistes ont été utilisées pour étudier des facteurs associés à la survenue récurrente de l’épidémie de choléra en Mairie de Bujumbura en fin de contribuer à la réduction de la morbidité et mortalité. Les techniques de la revue documentaire, le questionnaire d’enquête saisi dans KoboCollect, ont été utilisées pour recueillir les données des données dans 411 ménages dont 137 cas et 274 témoins repartis dans différentes aires de santé depuis le premier juillet 2022 au premier décembre 2024 et l’analyse a été faite à l’aide du logiciel R version 4.4.2. Plusieurs facteurs sont associés à la survenue récurrente de l’épidémie de choléra dont : La conservation de l’eau de boisson dans un récipient non couvert : 0R=8,66 [12,3- 35,2] avec p-value=0,002, absence de traitement de l’eau de boisson : OR=6,27 [1,24-40,8] avec p-value =0,038, types de latrines non modernes (latrines sans dalle/trou ouvert et absence des latrines) : OR=26,66 [3,64-306] avec p-value=0,003, mauvais entretien des latrines : OR=3,83 [1,12-13,6] avec p-value=0,03, existences des maladies liées au mauvais entretien des latrines : OR= 11,9 avec p-value<0,001, contact avec un malade cholérique : OR=164 avec p-value<0,001, manque d'habitude de laver les mains avec de l’eau potable et du savon dès la sortie des latrines et avant de manger : OR=7,60 avec p-value=0,003, n'ayant pas hygiène des légumes et les fruits avant la préparation : OR=88 [3,75-1944] avec p-value=0,003 et habitude de consommer des aliments exposés au bord de la route : OR=3,1 [1,05-10,1] avec p-value=0,048. Le choléra reste un problème de santé publique en Mairie de Bujumbura lié à des facteurs économiques du ménage, facteurs environnementaux et facteurs liés aux connaissances et attitudes des habitants du ménage. Il est crucial d'adopter une stratégie qui prend en compte ces facteurs pour garantir une prévention efficace du choléra.
In this article, we study factors associated with the recurrent occurrence of the cholera epidemic in the Bujumbura City Hall, ultimately contributing to the reduction of morbidity and mortality related to cholera. Unmatched case-control study aimed at analysis based on data collection from 411 households, including 137 cases and 274 controls distributed across different health areas from July 1, 2022, to December 1, 2024. Probabilistic statistical methods were used for sample selection. Document review techniques and a survey questionnaire entered in KoboCollect were used to collect data, and analysis was conducted using R software version 4.4.2. Several factors are associated with the recurrent occurrence of cholera outbreaks, including storing drinking water in an uncovered container: OR=8.66 [12.3-35.2] with p-value=0.002, lack of treatment for drinking water: OR=6.27 [1.24-40.8] with p-value=0.038, use of non-modern latrines (latrines without slabs/open pits and absence of latrines): OR=26.66 [3.64-306] with p-value=0.003, poor maintenance of latrines: OR=3.83 [1.12-13.6] with p-value=0.03, presence of diseases related to poor latrine maintenance: OR=11.9 [3.23-55.4] with p-value<0.001, contact with a cholera patient: OR=164 [47.6-768] with p-value<0.001, lack of habit of washing hands with clean water and soap after using latrines and before eating: OR=7.60 [2.09-29.9] with p-value=0.003, not washing vegetables and fruits before preparation: OR=88 [3.75-1944] with p-value=0.003, habit of consuming food exposed by vendors on the roadside: OR=3.1 [1.05-10.1] with p-value=0.048. Cholera remains a public health problem in the Bujumbura City Hall linked to household economic factors, environmental factors, and factors related to the knowledge and attitudes of household residents. It is crucial to adopt a strategy that takes these factors into account to ensure effective cholera prevention
Effect of Regional Integration on Intra-Regional Informal Agricultural Trade in West Africa
Get PDFThis research, based on the gravity model, explores the complex relationship between regional integration and intra-regional informal agricultural trade in West Africa over the period 2010–2022. By assessing the major impact of the ECOWAS Common External Tariff (CET) and the gradual implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), it reveals a paradoxical dynamic: despite institutional progress in regional integration, informal agricultural trade - largely driven by small-scale operators - remains insufficiently addressed in regional policies and strategies. The findings highlight a significant correlation between these integration initiatives and a marked decline in informal agricultural trade, thereby raising critical questions about the effective inclusion of these key actors in regional economic integration frameworks
Evaluation des Connaissances, Attitudes et Pratiques des maraîchers face à l’utilisation des pesticides en zone urbaine au Sénégal
Get PDFL’utilisation inappropriée des pesticides par les maraîchers constitue un risque majeur pour l’environnement et la santé humaine. Cette étude évalue les connaissances, les attitudes et les pratiques des agriculteurs concernant l’utilisation des pesticides, ainsi que les facteurs sociodémographiques et économiques associés. Les données collectées à l’aide d’entretiens semi-structurés proviennent d’un échantillon de 235 maraîchers de la ville de Ziguinchor, au Sénégal. Les résultats montrent que la plupart des maraichers sont des femmes (87,66%), ont une tranche d’âge supérieur à 45ans (55,32%) et plus de 10 ans d’expérience dans la pratique du maraîchage, mais n’ont jamais bénéficié de formations techniques (85,23%). La majorité des maraichers ne savent pas lire et comprendre les étiquètes sur les pesticides (70,64%) et connaissent pas les problèmes sur l’environnement liés aux pesticides (55%). Aussi, la plupart d’entre eux ne respectent pas les dosages et normes d’usage (64%) et n’appliquent pas les mesures d’hygiène et de sécurité pendant et après usage des pesticides (59%). Cependant, mais pensent que l’exposition aux pesticides peut avoir des effets sur la santé humaine (75%). L’analyse factorielle a également montré que le genre (p=0,010), l’âge (p=0,014), le statut matrimonial (p=0,003), la scolarité (p<0,001), la surface de parcelle (p=0,049), la formation sur le maraîchage (p=0,006) et le revenu global (p=0,001) influençaient significativement et positivement la connaissance des pesticides. L’attitude est associée significativement et positivement au sexe et au statut du chef de ménage, tandis que les bonnes pratiques sont liées à l’âge (p=0,015) et au revenu (p<0,001). L’analyse de régression logistique ajustée a révélé que le fait d'être un homme (OR=3,179 ; IC à 95% : 0,977-10,347), âgé entre 36 et 45 ans (OR=3,279 ; IC à 95% : 1,114-9,654) et formé (OR=2,516 ; IC à 95% : 0,873-7,250) étaient significativement et positivement associé à une bonne connaissance de l’utilisation des pesticides. Concernant l’attitude, le fait d’être un homme (OR=3,671 ; IC à 95% : 1,138-11,838) et chef de ménage (OR=0,532 ; IC à 95% : 0,273-1,038) étaient positivement et significativement associé à une attitude positive vis-à-vis de l’utilisation des pesticides. En termes de pratiques, le fait d’avoir un âge compris entre 36 et 45 ans (OR=3,815 ; IC à 95% : 1,296-11,231) et un revenu supérieur à 500 000 Fcfa (OR=1,546 ; IC à 95% : 0,632-3,778) étaient positivement et significativement associés à de bonnes pratiques en matière de pesticides. La diffusion des bonnes pratiques d’usage des pesticides doit être renforcée dans les programmes de développement agricole, particulièrement en milieu urbain.
The inappropriate use of pesticides by market gardeners represents a major risk to the environment and human health. This study assesses farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding pesticide use, as well as associated socio-demographic and economic factors. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire with a sample of 235 market gardeners in the urban zone of Ziguinchor, southern Senegal. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factorial analysis and logistic regression. The results show that most market gardeners are women (87.66%), are over 45 years old (55.32%) and have more than 10 years' experience in market gardening, but have never received technical training (85.23%). The majority of market gardeners are unable to read and understand pesticide labels (70.64%) and are unaware of the environmental problems associated with pesticide use (55%). Also, most of them do not respect dosages and standards of use of pesticides (64%) and do not apply hygiene and safety measures during and after pesticide use (59%). However, they do believe that exposure to pesticides can affect human health (75%). Factor analysis also reveals that gender (p=0.010), age (p=0.014), marital status (p=0.003), schooling (p<0.001), plot size (p=0.049), training in market gardening (p=0.006), and overall income (p=0.001) are significantly and positively associated with good knowledge of pesticide use. Attitudes about pesticide use are significantly and positively associated with gender and household head, while good practices are linked to age (p = 0.015) and income (p < 0.001). Adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that being a man (OR=3.179; IC à 95%: 0.977-10,347), aged between 36 and 45 years (OR=3.279; IC à 95%: 1,114-9,654), and trained (OR=2.516; IC à 95%: 0,873-7,250) were significantly associated with good knowledge of pesticide use. About the attitude, being a man (OR=3.671; IC à 95%: 1,138-11,838) and household head (OR=0.532; IC à 95%: 0,273-1,038) were positively and significantly associated with a positive attitude about pesticide use. In terms of practices, having an age between 36 and 45 years (OR=3.815; IC à 95%: 1,296-11,231) and an income over 500,000 Fcfa (OR=1.546; IC à 95%: 0.632-3,778) were positively and significantly associated with good pesticide practices. The dissemination of good practices of pesticide use needs to be reinforced in agricultural development programs, particularly in urban market gardens
Descriptive Study of Social Relations in the Working Environment of Compagnie Ivoirienne de Coton (COIC): The Case of COIC Korhogo (Côte d'Ivoire)
Get PDFThe objective of this study is to understand the impact of the relational environment on employees' professional experiences, with a focus on social interactions in the workplace. It is about showing the social relations in the work environment of the Ivorian Cotton Company in the locality of Korhogo (Côte d'Ivoire). The study is part of a qualitative approach. The research instrument implemented is the interview guide, which was carried out with thirty (30) people, namely twenty-eight (28) women workers in the COIC cotton company, one (01) business manager, and one (01) team leader. This led to the results according to which the relational environment is characterized by relations with the entourage reflecting professional interactions. Indeed, social relations in the work environment play a crucial role in the productivity, well-being, and satisfaction of employees. A good social relationship can generate a climate of trust, collaboration, and mutual support between colleagues. Management policies can also contribute to strengthening social relations in the workplace