European Scientific Journal, ESJ
Not a member yet
14433 research outputs found
Sort by
Feeding on Exudates and Leaves of Cassava Cultivars with Varying Cyanogenic Potentials: Implications for the Biology of Typhlodromalus aripo, a Key Biocontrol Agent of Cassava Green Mite in Africa
Full text linkThe predatory mite Typhlodromalus aripo, a key biological control agent of the cassava green mite in Africa, is known to feed on cassava exudates and, in the absence of prey, directly on cassava leaves. While cassava cultivars differ greatly in cyanogenic potential (CNP), the consequences of feeding on exudates and leaves from cultivars with different CNP levels for T. aripo biology remain unknown. We conducted laboratory experiments to evaluate several life history parameters of T. aripo on exudates and leaf discs of three cassava cultivars – TME1 (low CNP), TMS91934 (moderate CNP), and TMS82/00661 (high CNP). T. aripo completed its development on exudates of all three cultivars, being faster with higher survival on exudate of TMS82/00661 (6.8 days, 68.2%) compared with TME1 (7.9 days, 53.8%) and TMS91934 (8.2 days, 56.8%). None of the exudates supported oviposition, although adult female survivorship was highest on TMS82/00661. T. aripo was unable to develop beyond the deutonymph stage on the leaf discs of all three cassava cultivars. However, juvenile and adult longevity were greater on TME1 compared with the two other cultivars. Exudates were free of cyanogenic glycosides with similar amino acid concentrations; however, sugar content was twice as high in exudates of TMS8200661 compared with the other cultivars. These findings highlight the importance of cassava exudate quality for predator persistence and biological control success
The Influence of Parent-Adolescent Conflict on Adolescent Academic Retention in the South Dayi District in the Volta Region, Ghana
Full text linkParent-adolescent conflict is a global problem that confronts most families. It remains a key concern due to its consequences on emotional, social, and psychological well-being, as well as its long-term implications for the family and the adolescents' overall development. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of parent-adolescent conflict on adolescents’ academic performance. The study adopted a qualitative approach and case study design. Thirty-two (32) participants were purposively selected from two Senior High Schools in the South Dayi District, and the data were thematically analyzed. Findings showed that poverty, neglect of parental obligations, broken homes, and single parenting were the leading causes of conflict between parents and adolescents. It was also revealed that parent-adolescent conflict resulted in school drop-out, lack of concentration in school, and early relationship with the opposite sex, among others. It was concluded that the adolescent stage is delicate; therefore, effective interventions and strategies must be initiated by the government in collaboration with district authorities and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), to enable educators, parents, and school counsellors to help adolescents who may be experiencing academic difficulties as a result of conflict at home. It was recommended that schools should develop comprehensive counselling services, including frequent counselling sessions, to help students facing adolescent-parent conflict focus on their academic work and manage their time properly
Study of the Efficacity of Moringa Oleifera Roots Applied as a Poultice in the Symptomatic Treatment of Gonarthrosis
Full text linkIntroduction: The roots of Moringa oleifera are widely used for arthralgia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a poultice made from Moringa oleifera root powder in the symptomatic treatment of gonarthrosis. Material and methods: It was a randomized, double-blind study, controlled against placebo and against standard drug treatment in open, conducted in the rheumatology department of CNHU-HKM in Cotonou. The patients included in the study had an arthritic flare at the beginning of the study. Three parallel groups were formed, receiving respectively Moringa oleifera as a poultice on the knee; placebo as a poultice on the knee; and oral drug treatment. The primary outcome measure is based on the calculation of the effect size for pain intensity. Results and conclusion: Sixty-five patients were randomized (Moringa oleifera = 35, Placebo = 30) and twenty-one were non-randomized (medication treatment = 21). The studied population was characterized by a female predominance of 92%, with an average age of 57.94 years. The results of the effect size calculation for pain intensity showed a standardized difference greater than 0.8 in the Moringa oleifera and placebo groups over a duration of 2 weeks (p < 0.0001) on one hand, and in the Moringa oleifera and medication treatment groups over a duration of 3 months (p < 0.0001) on the other hand. This study showed that Moringa oleifera roots could constitute a potential therapeutic alternative in flare-ups of gonarthrosis
Migration Into the Myometrium of the IUD Associated with a Painful Ovarian Cyst
Full text linkThe intrauterine device (IUD) or IUD is the most widely used contraceptive method in the world. Its secondary migrations are varied but rare when it comes to the myometrium according to the literature. We report a clinical case of migration of the IUD into the myometrium whose diagnosis was made eleven months after its insertion during a caesarean section, associated with a large painful right ovarian cyst. The diagnosis was suspected on pelvic ultrasound and then confirmed during exploratory laparotomy. A cystectomy with removal of the complete IUD was performed and histological analysis of the cyst concluded that there was a serous cystadenoma of the right ovary (benign ovarian tumor). The post-operative follow-up was simple
Caractérisation des adventices problématiques des vergers de l’anacardier (Anacardium occidentale L.) dans deux zones agroécologiques (zone soudano-guinéenne et la zone soudanienne) de Côte d’Ivoire
Full text linkLes adventices constituent une contrainte majeure à la production des cultures et entrainent de ce fait une baisse considérable de leur rendement. Cette étude a pour objectif d’identifier les adventices problématiques de la culture de l’anacarde dans deux zones agroécologiques de production en Côte d’Ivoire. À cet effet, une ou deux placette(s) de 100 m2 soit 10 m x 10 m ont été installées et prospectées pour l’inventaire des adventices selon que le verger de l’anacardier soit à couronnes homogènes ou hétérogènes. Le recouvrement des adventices, suivant une échelle de 1 à 5 a été ensuite déterminé dans chaque placette. Ce sont 369 vergers de l’anacardier répartis dans les deux zones agroécologiques qui ont été prospectées. Les travaux se sont déroulés d’août 2019 à février 2020. Au total, 469 espèces ont été inventoriées appartenant à 286 genres et 76 familles botaniques. Dans ces deux zones agroécologiques, les familles les plus diversifiées sont : les Leguminosae, les Poaceae, les Compositae, les Malvaceae, les Rubiaceae, les Cyperaceae, les Combretaceae, les Lamiaceae et les Convolvulaceae. Les Dicotylédones sont les plus représentés avec 66,67% par rapport aux Monocotylédones avec 33,33%. L’indice de diversité générique a été de 1,60 dans la zone de soudanaise et de 1,63 dans la zone soudano-guinéenne. Le coefficient de similitude est de 96,26 % entre les deux zones. En zone soudanaise, les adventices les plus agressives sont Chromoleana odorata, Hyptis suaveolens et Ageratum conyzoides représentées respectivement à 4,04%, 4,02% et 4,01%. ..
Corresponsabilidad entre la Licenciatura en Administración y las microempresas de la ciudad de Escárcega, Campeche para la inserción laborar de los egresados
Full text linkLa transformación económica y social generada por proyectos de infraestructura, como el Tren Maya, ha impactado a las microempresas del municipio de Escárcega, Campeche. Frente a este escenario, se identificó la necesidad de fortalecer el vínculo entre la carrera de Administración y el desarrollo local. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar cómo la formación profesional en administración puede contribuir al fortalecimiento de microempresas ante cambios estructurales en su entorno. Se aplicó una encuesta estructurada a 23 empresas. Se entrevistaron a dueños y trabajadores locales para identificar necesidades, problemáticas y percepciones sobre los egresados de esta carrera. Los resultados revelan que, si bien reconocen ciertas afectaciones en sus negocios, la mayoría no contrata servicios administrativos por razones económicas o falta de cultura empresarial, que muchas veces pueden interpretarse como desconfianza por la falta de experiencia de los egresados. Sin embargo, aceptan asesoría gratuita a través de residencias profesionales. Se concluye que existe una oportunidad significativa para integrar estrategias académicas con prácticas empresariales que impulsen el desarrollo local sostenible.
The economic and social transformation generated by infrastructure projects, such as the Mayan Train, has impacted microenterprises in the municipality of Escárcega, Campeche. Given this scenario, a need to strengthen the link between the Administration program and local development was identified. The objective of this study was to analyze how professional training in administration can contribute to the strengthening of microenterprises in the face of structural changes in their environment. A structured survey was administered to 23 companies. Local owners and workers were interviewed to identify needs, problems, and perceptions of graduates from this program. The results reveal that, while they recognize certain impacts on their businesses, most do not hire administrative services for economic reasons or a lack of business culture, which can often be interpreted as distrust due to the graduates' lack of experience. However, they will accept free advice through professional residencies. The conclusion is that there is a significant opportunity to integrate academic strategies with business practices that drive sustainable local development
Etiologies et facteurs associés au décès chez les patients hospitalisés pour méningo-encéphalite au service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales du Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) de Donka, Guinée
Full text linkIntroduction : Les méningo-encéphalites sont des processus inflammatoires du tissu cérébral, responsables des troubles du système nerveux central associés à des anomalies du liquide céphalorachidien. L’objectif de ce travail était d’identifier les étiologies et les facteurs associés au décès chez les patients hospitalisés pour méningo-encéphalite. Matériel et Méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective de type descriptif et analytique sur une période de 5 ans allant du 25 juin 2018 au 25 juin 2023 au service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales du CHU de Donka. Les dossiers des patients âgés de 15 ans ou plus, de tout sexe, de toute provenance, hospitalisés pour méningo-encéphalite durant la période d’étude ont été inclus. Tous les dossiers de patients transférés ou sortis contre avis médical, et/ou incomplets ont été exclus. Pour le recueil des données, nous avons procédé à un recrutement exhaustif de tous les dossiers de patients répondant aux critères de sélection durant la période considérée. Les paramètres étudiés ont été les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, le tableau clinique et le devenir des patients. Résultats : Sur un total de 1473 patients, 272 cas de méningoencéphalites ont été colligés soit une prévalence de 18,47%. L’âge moyen des patients était de 38,19 ans±14,37 ans avec un sex-ratio de 1,08. La fièvre (206/272 ; 75,73%) et les céphalées (198/272 ; 72,79%) étaient les signes les plus fréquemment retrouvés. La méningo-encéphalite à germe non identifié (73/272 ; 26,84%), la toxoplasmose cérébrale (69/272 ; 25,37%) et la tuberculose neuroméningée (41/272 ; 15,07%) ont été les diagnostics les pus retrouvés. Les troubles de la conscience et la durée d’hospitalisation supérieure à 7 jours ont été les facteurs associés au décès au cours de cette étude. Conclusion : Les étiologies des méningo-encéphalites sont diverses et variées et les troubles de la conscience constituent l’un des facteurs associés au décès au cours de ce travail. Des études multicentriques seraient très intéressantes pour confirmer cette tendance.
Introduction: Meningoencephalitis refers to an inflammatory process affecting brain tissue, leading to central nervous system disorders and abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid. This paper focuses on identifying the etiologies and factors associated with death in patients hospitalized for meningoencephalitis. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study conducted over a 5-year period from June 25, 2018, to June 25, 2023, in the Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department of Donka University Hospital. The study included records of patients aged 15 years or older, of any sex and origin, who were hospitalized for meningoencephalitis during the study period. Records of patients who were transferred, discharged against medical advice, or incomplete were excluded. Data collection involved an exhaustive review of all patient records meeting the selection criteria during the study period. The parameters studied included sociodemographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and patient outcomes. Results: Out of a total of 1,473 patients, 272 cases of meningoencephalitis were recorded, representing a prevalence of 18.47%. The mean age of patients was 38.19 years ± 14.37 years, with a sex ratio of 1.08. Fever (206/272; 75.73%) and headaches (198/272; 72.79%) were the most frequently reported symptoms. The most common diagnoses were meningoencephalitis of unidentified etiology (73/272; 26.84%), cerebral toxoplasmosis (69/272; 25.37%), and neuromeningeal tuberculosis (37/272, 15.07%). Impaired consciousness and hospitalization duration greater than 7 days were factors associated with death in this study. Conclusion: The etiologies of meningoencephalitis are diverse, and impaired consciousness was one of the factors associated with death in this study. Multicenter studies would be valuable to confirm these findings
Tri phytochimique et activité antioxydante in vitro des extraits de Bombax brevicuspe (Sprague) Roberty(Malvaceae) une plante médicinale utilisée dans le traitement de la fistule obstétricale en Côte d'Ivoire
Full text linkBombax brevicuspe (Sprague) Roberty (Malvaceae) est une plante médicinale utilisée dans le traitement traditionnel de la fistule obstétricale en Côte d'Ivoire. Cette étude a pour but d’évaluer l’activité antioxydante in vitro des extraits de l’écorce de B. brevicuspe. Les différents extraits (aqueux, éthanol, acétate d’éthyle et hexane) de l’écorce de B. brevicuspe ont été obtenus par décoction et par macération. Après le screening phytochimique, l‘activité antiradicalaire des extraits à différentes concentrations a été déterminée par le test du DPPH et les pourcentages d’inhibition du DPPH (IC50) ont été calculés. Le screening phytochimique a montré que l’écorce de B. brevicuspe est riche en groupes chimiques naturelles (alcaloïdes, flavonoïdes, tanins, coumarines, stérols, triterpénoïdes et saponines). Tous les extraits ont montré une activité antioxydante en piégeant les radicaux libres DPPH selon la concentration. Il a été enregistré une augmentation des valeurs IC50 de (5 à 60µg/ml). L'extrait hexanique a montré une IC50 (5 µg/mL) proche de la vitamine C (4,5µg/ml). Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que les extraits de l’écorce de tige B. brevicuspe contiennent plusieurs groupes chimiques et présentent une activité antioxydante au test du DPPH.
Bombax brevicuspe (Sprague) Roberty (Mallvaceae) is a medicinal plant used in the traditional treatment of obstetric fistula in Côte d'Ivoire. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of B. brevicuspe bark extracts. The various extracts (aqueous, ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane) of the bark of B. brevicuspe were obtained by decoction and maceration. After phytochemical screening, the anti-radical activity of the extracts at different concentrations was determined by the DPPH test and the percentages of DPPH inhibition (IC50) were calculated. Phytochemical screening has shown that the bark of B. brevicuspe is rich in natural chemical groups (alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, sterols, triterpenoids and saponins). All extracts showed antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH free radicals depending on concentration. An increase in IC50 values of (60 to 5 μg/ml) was recorded. The hexanic extract showed an IC50 (5 μg/mL) close to vitamin C (4.5 μg/ml). The results obtained suggest that Bombax brevicuspe extracts contain several chemical groups and exhibit antioxidant activity in the DPPH test
Navigating Research Trends in Support and Stigma: A Bibliometric Analysis and Future Research Agenda
Full text linkAim and Scope: Stigma has changed and evolved over time with the progress of knowledge and humanity. The negative outcomes of stigma, such as social isolation, exclusion, poor treatment adherence, and limited access to healthcare services, have garnered interest among research communities. The complex nature of stigma as a socially constructed phenomenon and its continuous evolution raises the need to track changes and fit future interventions. Methods: We synthesize extant research on stigma and support through a bibliometric analysis of 257 articles investigating the stigma phenomenon. The study contributes to a comprehensive understanding and helps the translation of research findings into action to drive social change and evidence-based policies. Findings: Our analysis revealed a growing interest in the domain in recent years. The results show six main directions of research: (1) stigma as a barrier, (2) cultural contexts of stigma, (3) perceived stigma and coping strategies, (4) stories of experiences of stigma, (5) action to mitigate stigma, and (6) community stigma. Conclusions: This study has theoretical and practical implications, in highlighting the multidimensionality of stigma and the need for multi-level policies to raise awareness among communities