European Scientific Journal, ESJ
Not a member yet
14433 research outputs found
Sort by
Perception de la culture de sécurité dans les entreprises du secteur minier à Lubumbashi
Full text linkL’industrie d’extraction minière est l’un des environnements de travail les plus dangereux au monde. En dépit de réglementations du travail et des efforts des syndicats, les accidents dans les mines coûtent toujours la vie à des milliers de travailleurs chaque année dans le monde et portent sérieusement préjudice à l’environnement, Kimber Meyer, Léonie Guguen,Walton Pantland, (2019). C’est pourquoi la question de la sécurité au travail ne doit pas y être sous-estimée. C’est cette perspective que cette étude s’est interrogée sur la place qu’occupe la sécurité au travail dans l’exécution des tâches au sein des entreprises Ruashi Mining et Chemaf. Elle s’est servie de la méthode d’enquête psychosociale, des techniques documentaire, d’entrevue et du questionnaire conçu sous forme d’échelle de Likert. Ces instruments ont été appliqués sur un échantillon de 420 agents repartis de la manière suivante : 240 pour l’entreprise Ruashi Mining et 180 agents pour l’entreprise Chemaf, extrait grâce à la méthode d’échantillonnage aléatoire systématique. L’étude s’est déroulée sur la période allant de 2019 à 2023. Sa référence théorique s’appuie sur le postulat d’Icsi (2017, p.12), selon lequel : « toute entité organisationnelle a une culture de sécurité ; au sens où les acteurs partagent certaines manières de faire et de penser, qui ont des conséquences sur la sécurité. Et la culture de sécurité reflète la place que la culture organisationnelle donne à la sécurité dans toutes les décisions, tous les services, tous les métiers, et à tous les niveaux hiérarchiques ». Après avoir analysé les données grâce au logiciel SPSS, et après les avoir traités au moyen de test non paramétrique Khi-deux de Pearson, de test t et de test z. Les résultats renseignent que la sécurité au travail n’occupe pas une place importante dans l’exécution des tâches au sein de ces deux entreprises. La sécurité au travail qui existe au sein des entreprises Ruashi Mining et Chemaf, est une sécurité spéculative, car ne s’appuyant sur aucune norme internationale en matière de sécurité au travail, à l’instar d’ISO 45001, la norme 48001 et OHSAS 18001. Ce qui justifie l’occurrence des accidents de travail dans ces entreprises.
The mining industry is one of the most dangerous working environments in the world. Despite labor regulations and union efforts, mining accidents still cost the lives of thousands of workers each year worldwide and seriously harm the environment, Kimber Meyer, Léonie Guguen, Walton Pantland, (2019). Therefore, the issue of workplace safety should not be underestimated. It is from this perspective that this study examined the place that workplace safety occupies in the execution of tasks within the companies Ruashi Mining and Chemaf. It used the psychosocial survey method, documentary techniques, interviews, and a questionnaire designed in the form of a Likert scale. These instruments were applied to a sample of 420 agents distributed as follows: 240 for the Ruashi Mining company and 180 agents for the Chemaf company, extracted using the systematic random sampling method. The study took place over the period from 2019 to 2023. Its theoretical reference is based on the postulate of Icsi (2017, p.12), according to which: "every organizational entity has a safety culture; in the sense that the actors share certain ways of doing and thinking, which have consequences on safety. And the safety culture reflects the place that the organizational culture gives to safety in all decisions, all services, all professions, and at all hierarchical levels." After analyzing the data using SPSS software, and after processing them using Pearson's non-parametric Chi-square test, t-test, and z-test. The results indicate that workplace safety does not occupy an important place in the execution of tasks within these two companies. The occupational safety practices within Ruashi Mining and Chemaf are speculative, as they are not based on any international occupational safety standards, such as ISO 45001, 48001, and OHSAS 18001. This explains the occurrence of workplace accidents in these companies
Financial Innovation, Bank Liquidity and Entrepreneurship Support: The Case of Commercial Banks in Bamenda, Cameroon
Full text linkCommercial bank liquidity remains a critical issue globally, especially in emerging regions like Bamenda, Cameroon, where fluctuating liquidity levels pose challenges to financial stability and operational efficiency for banks. The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of Financial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Support on the Liquidity Position of Commercial Banks in Bamenda. Employing a cross-sectional survey design, primary data were collected through structured questionnaires from 39 bank officials, analyzed using a multinomial cumulative probit model to capture the ordinal nature of the variables under examination. The findings indicate that Financial Innovation has a statistically significant effect on bank liquidity, whereas Entrepreneurship Support shows a non-significant positive effect. The model’s goodness-of-fit measures suggest a robust representation of the data, and the results reveal that Financial Innovation has a more prominent effect on liquidity position than Entrepreneurship Support within the context of the study. Based on these findings, it is recommended that banks and policymakers enhance the development and adoption of innovative financial solutions to optimize resource allocation and stabilize liquidity levels. Additionally, fostering entrepreneurship through targeted financial products could further improve liquidity resilience. Strengthening capacity-building initiatives on Financial Innovations and Entrepreneurship Financing is crucial to ensuring sustainable liquidity management and economic growth in Bamenda’s banking sector
The U.S.-Iraq War’s Legacy in Global Terrorism and the Taliban’s Return to Power
Full text linkThe 2003 U.S.-Iraq War, initiated with claims of eliminating weapons of mass destruction and removing Saddam Hussein, has had lasting effects that influence global security today. Although the main military objectives were quickly met, the war's long-term consequences extended well beyond Iraq itself. This article explores how the invasion and occupation unintentionally fostered an environment conducive to terrorism - not just in Iraq but throughout the region and worldwide. Actions like disbanding Iraq’s military, alienating Sunni communities, and increasing sectarian violence fueled the rise of radical groups such as ISIS, which exploited instability and grievances to consolidate power. Meanwhile, the extended U.S. military involvement in the Middle East drew focus and resources away from Afghanistan, hampering efforts to establish lasting governance and security. This diversion enabled the Taliban to reorganize, strengthen, and eventually retake power in 2021 after U.S. forces withdrew. The analysis highlights how these two major conflicts are linked, showing that policy choices from the early 2000s unintentionally strengthened the very extremist groups they sought to oppose. By examining the unintended effects of the Iraq War and its connection to the Taliban’s resurgence, this paper highlights the broader impacts of military intervention, the intricacies of state-building in conflict zones, and the long-term obstacles in the global fight against terrorism. Grasping these links is essential for developing more effective and responsible foreign policy in the future
Facteurs associés à la survenue récurrente de l'épidémie de choléra en mairie de Bujumbura
Full text linkDans cet article, les méthodes statistiques probabilistes ont été utilisées pour étudier des facteurs associés à la survenue récurrente de l’épidémie de choléra en Mairie de Bujumbura en fin de contribuer à la réduction de la morbidité et mortalité. Les techniques de la revue documentaire, le questionnaire d’enquête saisi dans KoboCollect, ont été utilisées pour recueillir les données des données dans 411 ménages dont 137 cas et 274 témoins repartis dans différentes aires de santé depuis le premier juillet 2022 au premier décembre 2024 et l’analyse a été faite à l’aide du logiciel R version 4.4.2. Plusieurs facteurs sont associés à la survenue récurrente de l’épidémie de choléra dont : La conservation de l’eau de boisson dans un récipient non couvert : 0R=8,66 [12,3- 35,2] avec p-value=0,002, absence de traitement de l’eau de boisson : OR=6,27 [1,24-40,8] avec p-value =0,038, types de latrines non modernes (latrines sans dalle/trou ouvert et absence des latrines) : OR=26,66 [3,64-306] avec p-value=0,003, mauvais entretien des latrines : OR=3,83 [1,12-13,6] avec p-value=0,03, existences des maladies liées au mauvais entretien des latrines : OR= 11,9 avec p-value<0,001, contact avec un malade cholérique : OR=164 avec p-value<0,001, manque d'habitude de laver les mains avec de l’eau potable et du savon dès la sortie des latrines et avant de manger : OR=7,60 avec p-value=0,003, n'ayant pas hygiène des légumes et les fruits avant la préparation : OR=88 [3,75-1944] avec p-value=0,003 et habitude de consommer des aliments exposés au bord de la route : OR=3,1 [1,05-10,1] avec p-value=0,048. Le choléra reste un problème de santé publique en Mairie de Bujumbura lié à des facteurs économiques du ménage, facteurs environnementaux et facteurs liés aux connaissances et attitudes des habitants du ménage. Il est crucial d'adopter une stratégie qui prend en compte ces facteurs pour garantir une prévention efficace du choléra.
In this article, we study factors associated with the recurrent occurrence of the cholera epidemic in the Bujumbura City Hall, ultimately contributing to the reduction of morbidity and mortality related to cholera. Unmatched case-control study aimed at analysis based on data collection from 411 households, including 137 cases and 274 controls distributed across different health areas from July 1, 2022, to December 1, 2024. Probabilistic statistical methods were used for sample selection. Document review techniques and a survey questionnaire entered in KoboCollect were used to collect data, and analysis was conducted using R software version 4.4.2. Several factors are associated with the recurrent occurrence of cholera outbreaks, including storing drinking water in an uncovered container: OR=8.66 [12.3-35.2] with p-value=0.002, lack of treatment for drinking water: OR=6.27 [1.24-40.8] with p-value=0.038, use of non-modern latrines (latrines without slabs/open pits and absence of latrines): OR=26.66 [3.64-306] with p-value=0.003, poor maintenance of latrines: OR=3.83 [1.12-13.6] with p-value=0.03, presence of diseases related to poor latrine maintenance: OR=11.9 [3.23-55.4] with p-value<0.001, contact with a cholera patient: OR=164 [47.6-768] with p-value<0.001, lack of habit of washing hands with clean water and soap after using latrines and before eating: OR=7.60 [2.09-29.9] with p-value=0.003, not washing vegetables and fruits before preparation: OR=88 [3.75-1944] with p-value=0.003, habit of consuming food exposed by vendors on the roadside: OR=3.1 [1.05-10.1] with p-value=0.048. Cholera remains a public health problem in the Bujumbura City Hall linked to household economic factors, environmental factors, and factors related to the knowledge and attitudes of household residents. It is crucial to adopt a strategy that takes these factors into account to ensure effective cholera prevention
Effect of Regional Integration on Intra-Regional Informal Agricultural Trade in West Africa
Full text linkThis research, based on the gravity model, explores the complex relationship between regional integration and intra-regional informal agricultural trade in West Africa over the period 2010–2022. By assessing the major impact of the ECOWAS Common External Tariff (CET) and the gradual implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), it reveals a paradoxical dynamic: despite institutional progress in regional integration, informal agricultural trade - largely driven by small-scale operators - remains insufficiently addressed in regional policies and strategies. The findings highlight a significant correlation between these integration initiatives and a marked decline in informal agricultural trade, thereby raising critical questions about the effective inclusion of these key actors in regional economic integration frameworks
Evaluation des Connaissances, Attitudes et Pratiques des maraîchers face à l’utilisation des pesticides en zone urbaine au Sénégal
Full text linkL’utilisation inappropriée des pesticides par les maraîchers constitue un risque majeur pour l’environnement et la santé humaine. Cette étude évalue les connaissances, les attitudes et les pratiques des agriculteurs concernant l’utilisation des pesticides, ainsi que les facteurs sociodémographiques et économiques associés. Les données collectées à l’aide d’entretiens semi-structurés proviennent d’un échantillon de 235 maraîchers de la ville de Ziguinchor, au Sénégal. Les résultats montrent que la plupart des maraichers sont des femmes (87,66%), ont une tranche d’âge supérieur à 45ans (55,32%) et plus de 10 ans d’expérience dans la pratique du maraîchage, mais n’ont jamais bénéficié de formations techniques (85,23%). La majorité des maraichers ne savent pas lire et comprendre les étiquètes sur les pesticides (70,64%) et connaissent pas les problèmes sur l’environnement liés aux pesticides (55%). Aussi, la plupart d’entre eux ne respectent pas les dosages et normes d’usage (64%) et n’appliquent pas les mesures d’hygiène et de sécurité pendant et après usage des pesticides (59%). Cependant, mais pensent que l’exposition aux pesticides peut avoir des effets sur la santé humaine (75%). L’analyse factorielle a également montré que le genre (p=0,010), l’âge (p=0,014), le statut matrimonial (p=0,003), la scolarité (p<0,001), la surface de parcelle (p=0,049), la formation sur le maraîchage (p=0,006) et le revenu global (p=0,001) influençaient significativement et positivement la connaissance des pesticides. L’attitude est associée significativement et positivement au sexe et au statut du chef de ménage, tandis que les bonnes pratiques sont liées à l’âge (p=0,015) et au revenu (p<0,001). L’analyse de régression logistique ajustée a révélé que le fait d'être un homme (OR=3,179 ; IC à 95% : 0,977-10,347), âgé entre 36 et 45 ans (OR=3,279 ; IC à 95% : 1,114-9,654) et formé (OR=2,516 ; IC à 95% : 0,873-7,250) étaient significativement et positivement associé à une bonne connaissance de l’utilisation des pesticides. Concernant l’attitude, le fait d’être un homme (OR=3,671 ; IC à 95% : 1,138-11,838) et chef de ménage (OR=0,532 ; IC à 95% : 0,273-1,038) étaient positivement et significativement associé à une attitude positive vis-à-vis de l’utilisation des pesticides. En termes de pratiques, le fait d’avoir un âge compris entre 36 et 45 ans (OR=3,815 ; IC à 95% : 1,296-11,231) et un revenu supérieur à 500 000 Fcfa (OR=1,546 ; IC à 95% : 0,632-3,778) étaient positivement et significativement associés à de bonnes pratiques en matière de pesticides. La diffusion des bonnes pratiques d’usage des pesticides doit être renforcée dans les programmes de développement agricole, particulièrement en milieu urbain.
The inappropriate use of pesticides by market gardeners represents a major risk to the environment and human health. This study assesses farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding pesticide use, as well as associated socio-demographic and economic factors. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire with a sample of 235 market gardeners in the urban zone of Ziguinchor, southern Senegal. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factorial analysis and logistic regression. The results show that most market gardeners are women (87.66%), are over 45 years old (55.32%) and have more than 10 years' experience in market gardening, but have never received technical training (85.23%). The majority of market gardeners are unable to read and understand pesticide labels (70.64%) and are unaware of the environmental problems associated with pesticide use (55%). Also, most of them do not respect dosages and standards of use of pesticides (64%) and do not apply hygiene and safety measures during and after pesticide use (59%). However, they do believe that exposure to pesticides can affect human health (75%). Factor analysis also reveals that gender (p=0.010), age (p=0.014), marital status (p=0.003), schooling (p<0.001), plot size (p=0.049), training in market gardening (p=0.006), and overall income (p=0.001) are significantly and positively associated with good knowledge of pesticide use. Attitudes about pesticide use are significantly and positively associated with gender and household head, while good practices are linked to age (p = 0.015) and income (p < 0.001). Adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that being a man (OR=3.179; IC à 95%: 0.977-10,347), aged between 36 and 45 years (OR=3.279; IC à 95%: 1,114-9,654), and trained (OR=2.516; IC à 95%: 0,873-7,250) were significantly associated with good knowledge of pesticide use. About the attitude, being a man (OR=3.671; IC à 95%: 1,138-11,838) and household head (OR=0.532; IC à 95%: 0,273-1,038) were positively and significantly associated with a positive attitude about pesticide use. In terms of practices, having an age between 36 and 45 years (OR=3.815; IC à 95%: 1,296-11,231) and an income over 500,000 Fcfa (OR=1.546; IC à 95%: 0.632-3,778) were positively and significantly associated with good pesticide practices. The dissemination of good practices of pesticide use needs to be reinforced in agricultural development programs, particularly in urban market gardens
Descriptive Study of Social Relations in the Working Environment of Compagnie Ivoirienne de Coton (COIC): The Case of COIC Korhogo (Côte d'Ivoire)
Full text linkThe objective of this study is to understand the impact of the relational environment on employees' professional experiences, with a focus on social interactions in the workplace. It is about showing the social relations in the work environment of the Ivorian Cotton Company in the locality of Korhogo (Côte d'Ivoire). The study is part of a qualitative approach. The research instrument implemented is the interview guide, which was carried out with thirty (30) people, namely twenty-eight (28) women workers in the COIC cotton company, one (01) business manager, and one (01) team leader. This led to the results according to which the relational environment is characterized by relations with the entourage reflecting professional interactions. Indeed, social relations in the work environment play a crucial role in the productivity, well-being, and satisfaction of employees. A good social relationship can generate a climate of trust, collaboration, and mutual support between colleagues. Management policies can also contribute to strengthening social relations in the workplace
A Resource-Based View of Human Capital and Performance in Deposit-Taking Saccos in Kirinyaga County, Kenya
Full text linkDeposit-taking savings and credit cooperative societies (SACCOs) in Kirinyaga County continue to grapple with challenges such as low profitability, high staff turnover, and limited technological adoption, factors that undermine their financial sustainability and operational efficiency. This study applies the Resource-Based View (RBV) to examine the relationship between human capital and the performance of these SACCOs. A descriptive research design was adopted, combining both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires administered to SACCO managers and employees, alongside secondary data from financial reports. Ten SACCOs were purposively selected for analysis, and statistical techniques were employed to assess the influence of internal resources on performance outcomes. The findings indicate that while human capital, particularly well-trained and experienced staff, is recognized as a valuable resource, its practical impact on performance is often constrained by inconsistencies in human resource practices. The study concludes that strategic investment in human capital is essential but must be accompanied by coherent policies in recruitment, training, motivation, and performance management to yield sustainable benefits. By highlighting the centrality of human resources within the RBV framework, the study offers actionable insights for SACCOs seeking to enhance operational efficiency, strengthen competitive advantage, and contribute more effectively to regional economic development
