European Scientific Journal, ESJ
Not a member yet
14433 research outputs found
Sort by
Evaluation des Connaissances, Attitudes et Pratiques des maraîchers face à l’utilisation des pesticides en zone urbaine au Sénégal
Get PDFL’utilisation intensive et inappropriée des pesticides par les maraîchers constitue un risque majeur pour l’environnement et la santé humaine. Cette étude évalue les connaissances, les attitudes et les pratiques des agriculteurs concernant l’utilisation des pesticides, ainsi que les facteurs sociodémographiques et économiques associés. Il est essentiel de comprendre les moteurs de l’utilisation des pesticides par les agriculteurs pour concevoir des interventions qui évitent de nuire à la production agricole et pour préserver la sécurité économique et la santé des agriculteurs ainsi que l’environnement. Cette étude est basée sur une enquête menée auprès de 235 maraîchers de la zone urbaine de Ziguinchor, dans le sud du Sénégal. L’étude a démontré que la plupart des agriculteurs ont des connaissances insuffisantes, des attitudes moins positives et des pratiques inappropriées concernant l’utilisation des pesticides. L’analyse factorielle a également montré que le sexe, l’âge, le niveau d'éducation, la formation, le statut du chef de ménage et le revenu étaient les facteurs significatifs qui influençaient positivement les connaissances actuelles. L’attitude est associée de manière significative et positive au sexe et au statut du chef de ménage, tandis que les bonnes pratiques sont liées à l’âge et au revenu. L’analyse de régression logistique ajustée a révélé que le fait d'être un homme, d’être chef de famille, d’avoir entre 36 et 45 ans, d’avoir été scolarisé, d’avoir été formé au maraîchage et d'avoir un revenu plus élevé sont plus susceptibles d'avoir une bonne connaissance de l’utilisation des pesticides. En ce qui concerne les attitudes des maraîchers à l’égard des pesticides, les résultats ont montré que les hommes et les chefs de famille étaient plus susceptibles d’avoir une attitude positive à l’égard de l’utilisation des pesticides. Enfin, en ce qui concerne les pratiques, les maraîchers âgés de 36 à 45 ans et disposant d'un revenu plus élevé étaient plus susceptibles d’appliquer de bonnes pratiques d’utilisation des pesticides. Sur la base des résultats actuels, nous avons recommandé des interventions éducatives et une formation appropriée pour les agriculteurs maraîchers afin de les sensibiliser et d'améliorer leurs connaissances, attitudes et pratiques actuelles sur l'utilisation appropriée des pesticides. Cela permettra en fin de compte de réduire les impacts négatifs de l’utilisation des pesticides sur la santé et l’environnement.
The intensive and inappropriate use of pesticides by market gardeners poses a major risk to both the environment and human health. This study assesses farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding pesticide use, as well as the associated sociodemographic and economic factors. Understanding the drivers for farmers’ pesticide use is essential for designing interventions that avoid harming agricultural output and safeguard farmers’ economic security and a healthy environment. It is based on a survey conducted with 235 market gardeners in the urban area of Ziguinchor in southern Senegal. The study demonstrated that most farmers have insufficient knowledge, less positive attitudes, and inappropriate practices regarding pesticide use. The factor score analysis further showed that gender, age, education level, training, household head status, and income were the significant factors positively influencing the current knowledge positively influencing knowledge. The current attitude was significantly and positively associated with gender and head of household status, while good practices are linked to age and income. The adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that being a man and head of household, aged between 36 and 45, having attended school, being trained in market gardening, and having a higher income are more likely to have good knowledge of pesticide use. Regarding market gardeners’ attitudes to pesticides, the results showed that being male, heads of household were more likely to have a positive attitude to pesticide use. Finally, with regard to practices, market gardeners aged between 36 and 45 years with higher income were more likely to apply good pesticide use practices. Based on the current results, we recommend educational interventions and appropriate training for the market garden farmers to raise awareness and to upgrade their current knowledge, attitude and practice on the appropriate use of pesticides. This will ultimately reduce the negative impacts of pesticide use on health and the environment
Integrated landscapes approaches – How are they defined, conceptualised, configured and operationalised and for what objectives: Perspectives from the four practices of distributed leadership practices?
Get PDFWhile it is widely recognised that integrated landscape approaches are strategic management and leadership strategies used by project team leadership to design, develop and implement projects within integrated transboundary landscapes and seascapes, it is however, less clear how they are defined, conceptualised, configured and operationalised so as to achieve the desired outcomes. This study contributes to knowledge a new configuration and conceptualisation of the integrated transboundary landscapes and seascapes conceptual framework; the four principles of integrated landscape approaches (1) landscape partnership (2) shared understanding (3) vision and planning and (4) taking actions need to be seen as strategic management and leadership objectives of the activity systems. To achieve this, we explore the relationship between four principles of integrated landscape approaches (1) Landscape Partnership (2) Shared Understanding (3)Vision and Planning and (4) Taking Action as strategic management and leadership objectives drawing theoretical foundations from the four widely used distributed leadership practices: engaging leadership practice, developing leadership practice, enabling leadership practice and the empowering leadership practice. Implications for practitioners from the results of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) suggest the existence of a strong relationship between the integrated landscape approaches and the four practices of distributed leadership. It is revealed that (i) they draw from theoretical foundations; (ii) they are independent from one another; (iii) there is a very high level of cross-loading amongst them; (iv) they can be integrated into a form of a network of activity systems; (v) to function effectively and achieve desired outcomes they need to be enacted following an order of primacy; (vi) they are in the form of a normative decisio- making framework
Forces et Faiblesses des Interactions entre le Président de la République et les Autres Institutions de la République Démocratique du Congo lors de la Prise de Bukavu en Février 2025
Get PDFDepuis son indépendance le 30 juin 1960, la République Démocratique du Congo est périodiquement confrontée à de graves crises sécuritaires. Au cours des six dernières décennies, le contexte national et international a connu de profondes mutations, affectant à la fois les intérêts des acteurs et les moyens mobilisés pour les atteindre. Par conséquent, les solutions qui furent jadis efficaces dans la résolution des conflits ne sont plus forcément adaptées aux réalités actuelles. Depuis près de vingt ans, la RDC traverse une série de conflits armés persistants, alimentant l’idée d’une guerre interminable. Les racines de ces crises remontent notamment à l’afflux massif de réfugiés hutus à la suite du génocide rwandais de 1994, suivi de plusieurs rébellions successives. Malgré la signature de divers accords de paix, la situation sécuritaire reste instable. Ces conflits, à la fois localisés et complexes, s’inscrivent dans des enjeux territoriaux, sociaux, identitaires et économiques à l’échelle régionale, nationale et internationale.
S’inscrivant dans une approche explicative fondée sur les stratégies des acteurs politiques impliqués dans la gouvernance des institutions congolaises, cet article analyse, à partir de données théoriques et empiriques, les forces et les faiblesses des interactions entre le Président de la République et les autres institutions pendant la prise de la ville de Bukavu en février 2025. Ce soulèvement a été mené par le groupe rebelle M23, soutenu par l’armée rwandaise selon un rapport des Nations Unies[1]. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent que la crise a mis en évidence certaines capacités de réaction rapide et de coordination institutionnelle. Toutefois, des défaillances sont apparues, notamment en matière de communication, de gestion de l’information, de coordination interinstitutionnelle et de capacité d’anticipation.
[1] https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q= Consulté Dimanche, le 06 Juillet 2025 à 11h40.
Since gaining independence on 30 June 1960, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has periodically faced major security crises. Over the past six decades, both national and international contexts have undergone significant transformations, affecting the interests pursued by key actors and the means employed to achieve them. As a result, strategies that were once effective in conflict resolution have become increasingly obsolete in today’s complex environment. For nearly two decades, the DRC has endured a persistent state of armed conflict, evolving in form and intensity to the point of appearing like an unending war. The root causes of these conflicts trace back to the massive influx of Rwandan Hutu refugees following the 1994 genocide, followed by a series of multifaceted rebellions. Despite numerous peace agreements, lasting stability remains elusive. These conflicts are not only localized but are also deeply connected to broader territorial, social, identity, and economic challenges at regional, national, and international levels. Adopting an explanatory approach grounded in the strategies of political actors and institutional performance, and based on both theoretical frameworks and field data, this article examines the strengths and weaknesses in the interaction between the President of the Republic and other national institutions during the crisis that led to the takeover of Bukavu in February 2025. This event, attributed to the M23 rebel group with alleged support from the Rwandan army, according to a United Nations report, serves as a case study. Findings from this investigation highlight both institutional responsiveness and limitations. While a rapid and somewhat coordinated response was evident, significant weaknesses were noted in inter-institutional communication, coordination, information management, and the ability to anticipate and mitigate future crises
A Thematic Review of Public Performance Study in Public Transportation Services
Get PDFThis article presents a thematic review of studies on public performance in public transport services. Based on a structured analysis of the literature, it explores five major areas: local governance of public services, public management, Delegation of public services management, Public performance steering and Public transportation performance. The aim is to identify the main approaches, key concepts and evaluation criteria used in these fields. A summary diagram of the review is provided to illustrate the links between the various themes addressed. Drawing on the results of the analysis, the article introduces an original interpretation model - the GMDP-TC model - which provides a better understanding of the determinants of performance in the context of public transport. This contribution aims to enrich thinking on improving public performance through better governance and more effective management of transport services
Influence des facteurs environnementaux sur l’ichtyofaune de la rivière Mpieme (Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo)
Get PDFL’objectif de ce travail est d’examiner l’influence des variables environnementales sur la distribution de la faune ichtyologique de la rivière Mpieme à Kinshasa. L’échantillonnage des données a eu lieu entre mars 2019 et février 2020 à cinq stations déterminées le long d’un tronçon de 9 km de la rivière Mpieme, d’aval en amont. L’inventaire systématique a permis de recenser quatre ordres, six familles et huit genres et dix espèces de poissons parmi lesquelles figurent Hemichromis fasciatus, Hemichromis stellifer, Tilapia tholloni, Tilapia lateralis, Tylochromis sp, Bryconaethiops boulengeri, Raiamas buchholzi, Labeo lineatus, Schilbe grenfelli et Neolebias ansorgii. L’analyse canonique de correspondance montre que plusieurs paramètres physico-chimiques influencent la distribution des poissons dans cette rivière. Les variables pH, vitesse, turbidité et température de l’eau influencent positivement la distribution des poissons Neolebias ansorgii, Labeo lineatus, Schilbe grenfelli, Raiamas buchholzi, Tilapia lateralis et Bryconaethiops boulengeri aux stations IV et V. La présence des poissons Tilapia tholloni, Tylochromis sp, Hemichromis stellifer et Hemichromis fasciatus est influencée par les nitrites phosphates, la profondeur de la colonne d’eau et la conductivité aux stations I, II et III. Hemichromis fasciatus et Neolebias ansorgii ont été échantillonnés dans toutes les stations de pêche. L’indice d’équité de Piélou appliqué aux données relatives à la faune ichtyologique de cette rivière a indiqué un équilibre entre les effectifs des différentes espèces de poissons échantillonnées. Ces résultats montrent à suffisance la nécessité de gérer de manière efficace et rationnelle la biodiversité de la rivière Mpieme afin de maintenir sa santé écologique et sa résilience face aux pressions anthropiques.
The aim of this work is to examine the influence of environmental variables on the distribution of fish fauna in the Mpieme River in Kinshasa. Data sampling took place between March 2019 and February 2020 at five stations determined along a 9 km stretch of the Mpieme River, from downstream to upstream. The systematic inventory identified four orders, six families, eight genera and ten fish species, including Hemichromis fasciatus, Hemichromis stellifer, Tilapia tholloni, Tilapia lateralis, Tylochromis sp, Bryconaethiops boulengeri, Raiamas buchholzi, Labeo lineatus, Schilbe grenfelli and Neolebias ansorgii. Canonical correspondence analysis shows that several physico-chemical parameters influence fish distribution in this river. The variables pH, water velocity, turbidity and temperature positively influence the distribution of Neolebias ansorgii, Labeo lineatus, Schilbe grenfelli, Raiamas buchholzi, Tilapia lateralis and Bryconaethiops boulengeri at stations IV and V. The presence of Tilapia tholloni, Tylochromis sp, Hemichromis stellifer and Hemichromis fasciatus is influenced by nitrite phosphate, water column depth and conductivity at stations I, II and III. Hemichromis fasciatus and Neolebias ansorgii were sampled at all fishing stations. Piélou's equity index applied to the fish fauna data for this river indicated a balance between the numbers of the different fish species sampled. These results sufficiently demonstrate the need for effective and rational management of the Mpieme River's biodiversity in order to maintain its ecological health and resilience in the face of anthropogenic pressures
English translation and validation of the Afterlife Belief Scale for British Muslims
Get PDFThe purpose of the current study was to translate and validate the Afterlife Belief scale into the English language. To translate the scale, the forward-backward method was used. Through the committee approach, the English version of the scale was finalized. The English version of the Afterlife Belief Scale was administered to a sample of 300 British Muslims, with a mean age of 34.5 and a standard deviation of 3.5. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, and the results revealed excellent model fit indices with a two-factor structure. The original scale had a three-factor structure; however, in the current study, all items related to extinction-based afterlife Belief were found to have low loadings, so analysis was carried out on the remaining items. Keeping in view the results and feedback from participants and experts, the two-factor structure was finalized with excellent model fit indices (CFI, GFI, TLI, RMSEA, RMR). Alpha reliability indices of both subscales were excellent. Furthermore, in order to find the convergent and divergent validity evidence, the English version of the Afterlife Belief Scale, the Short Muslim Practice and Belief Scale, the Arabic Death Anxiety Scale, and the Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity Scale were administered to the 150 British Muslims. Correlation analysis provided evidence of convergent validity as afterlife beliefs were found to be correlated with death anxiety, scrupulosity, and religiosity. The findings support the English version of the Afterlife Belief Scale as a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing afterlife beliefs among British Muslims
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Among Workers in the West Attica Landfill
Get PDFIntroduction: Landfill workers are frequently exposed to a multitude of deleterious factors that can adversely affect their health. These include environmental contaminants such as dioxins, furans, biogas, and heavy metals, as well as occupational hazards like noise, vibration, and extreme temperatures. Aims and Scope: This pilot study, conducted at the Integrated Solid Waste Management Facility of Fili (OEDA Filis), aimed to measure environmental risk parameters and assess their effects on the cardiovascular health of workers. Method: Data collection involved questionnaires to record personal history, work stress and job positions, clinical examinations, and blood lipid tests. Cardiovascular risk (Heart Score) was evaluated based on standards set by the Hellenic Heart Association, which incorporated the Heart Score using Greek data. Results: The majority of employees at OEDA Filis were married men from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, with 77% reporting no chronic health issues and self-assessing their health status as good. Most subjects had body mass indices categorized as either normal or overweight. Environmental assessments identified elevated concentrations of PM10 and phenanthrene in the workplace, though levels of benzo(a)pyrene and naphthalene were within safety thresholds. About 21% of the workforce was identified as being at considerable risk for cardiovascular disease. No statistically significant relation was found between the Heart Score and job positions (p = 0.3), indicating that occupational role alone does not predict cardiovascular risk. However, elevated Heart Scores were more frequently observed among positions with greater exposure to environmental and occupational hazards. Conversely, office workers, who had reduced exposure to exhaust, noise, and air pollutants, exhibited lower Heart Scores. Univariate analysis showed a significant association between occupational stress and Heart Score (p = 0.037); workers under high stress had significantly lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p = 0.006). Additionally, a significant association existed between the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and lower Heart Score risk index values (p = 0.012), highlighting the protective impact of PPE in mitigating cardiovascular risk among exposed workers. Conclusion: This study enhances understanding of the associations between cardiovascular risk and exposure to environmental and occupational hazards at landfill sites. It underscores the critical need to establish a specialized observatory for continuous monitoring of occupational health and safety at these locations. Such an observatory should include regular health assessments for workers and systematic monitoring of environmental pollutants. Furthermore, the study advocates for initiatives aimed at improving the cardiovascular health of landfill workers, underscoring their necessity in this high-risk occupational environment
Creencias y conductas sanitarias para la prevención del contagio de COVID-19 adoptadas por usuarios de una Unidad Médica Familiar 15 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
Get PDFA finales de diciembre de 2019, se reportaron varios casos de neumonía atípica de origen desconocido en Wuhan, China. Poco después, se identificó al agente etiológico como un nuevo coronavirus, al cual se le dio el nombre de SARS-CoV-2. Se han desarrollado e implementado varios comportamientos protectores de salud para prevenir y reducir la propagación de la enfermedad, tal como se describe en la Jornada Nacional de Sana Distancia propuesta por la Secretaría de Salud en México. Objetivo: examinar las creencias y conductas protectoras de salud contra el COVID-19 adoptados por los usuarios de la Unidad Médica Familiar 15 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Materiales y métodos: este estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo incluyó a adultos que son usuarios de la Unidad Médica Familiar 15. Los datos se recolectaron utilizando una encuesta administrada a 162 personas con una edad promedio de 41.2 ± 16.9 años; el 41.4% (67) eran hombres, y el 58.6% (97) mujeres. Los resultados indicaron que el 61.7% (100) consideró importante saber cómo prevenir el COVID-19, el 53.7% (87) creyó que las personas vacunadas podrían contraer COVID-19, y el mismo porcentaje consideró que es una enfermedad potencialmente grave. Además, el 29% (47) seguía frecuentemente las medidas preventivas recomendadas por
el gobierno, el 53.7% (87) se lavaba las manos regularmente, el 58% (94) siempre cubría su boca al toser o estornudar, el 37.7% (61) a veces mantenía el distanciamiento social en lugares públicos, y el 26.5% (43) rara vez saludaba con un beso o un apretón de manos. Conclusiones: los usuarios demuestran responsabilidad social y creen que el COVID-19 es una enfermedad potencialmente grave y prevenible. Los comportamientos protectores adoptados están alineados con las medidas para prevenir el contagio.
At the end of December 2019, a number of atypical pneumonia cases of unknown origin were reported in Wuhan, China. Shortly thereafter, the etiological agent was identified as a new coronavirus, which was named SARS-CoV-2. Various protective health behaviors have been developed and implemented to prevent and reduce the spread of the disease, as described in the Jornada Nacional de Sana Distancia proposed by the Secretaría de Salud in Mexico. Objective: to examine the protective health beliefs and behaviors against COVID-19 adopted by users of Unidad Médica Familiar 15 of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Materials and methods: this observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study included adults who are users of Unidad Médica Familiar 15. Data was collected using a survey that was administered to 162 individuals with an average age of 41.2 ± 16.9 years; 41.4% (67) were male, and 58.6% (97) were female. The results indicated that 61.7% (100) believed it is important to know how to prevent COVID-19, 53.7% (87) believed that vaccinated individuals could contract COVID-19, and the same percentage regarded it as a potentially serious disease. Furthermore, 29% (47) frequently followed government-recommended preventive measures, 53.7% (87) regularly washed their hands, 58% (94) always covered their mouth when coughing or sneezing, 37.7% (61) sometimes maintained social distancing in public places, and 26.5% (43) rarely greeted with a kiss or handshake. Conclusions: the users demonstrate social responsibility and believe that COVID-19 is a potentially serious and preventable disease. The protective behaviors adopted align with measures to prevent contagion
Analysis of the Conduct of the USA Elections From 2012 to 2024
Get PDFThe United States held four presidential elections between 2012 and 2024, facing multiple political changes while maintaining secure democratic systems. Voting behavior and electoral management tools like voting rights law modifications determine how elections take place. Every election term had new obstacles and improvements to preserve a fair system as Americans changed what they wanted their Democracy to do. President Barack Obama won a second term in 2012 after making a recovery and healthcare expansion his major campaign issues. During the 2016 presidential elections, Donald Trump became president because he appealed to populism and criticized the political system. The US public cast votes in record numbers during 2020, even with COVID-19 present, which earned Joe Biden victory and brought back a need to unite Americans behind crucial public health initiatives. The 2024 election showed how deep political divisions in America changed the way candidates ran their campaigns, as Donald Trump won the election against Kamala Harris. Political shifts between Democrats and Republicans are two major political parties in the United States that receive support from institutional systems that keep the country stable, even with party disagreements. In all four presidential elections, the election process has been peaceful, which presents the ground for other countries to learn from the United States. Dissecting election results unveils how political parties manage campaigns along with the ruling party's strengths and limitations to help other countries uphold democratic standards during votes