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Analyse spatiotemporelle par Google Earth Engine de l’extension de la ville de Saint-Louis, Sénégal de 1980 à 2024
Get PDFL’évolution de la ville de Saint-Louis, au Sénégal, est marquée par une croissance démographique et un développement urbain dans un environnement sujet aux risques d'inondation fluviale et aux phénomènes d'érosion côtière. Dans ce contexte, la ville s’étend sur les rares ressources foncières disponibles et se développent est souvent caractérisée par une urbanisation informelle et un manque d'infrastructures. Cette extension urbaine s'accompagne de problèmes de gestion liés à la stagnation des eaux de pluie et à une forte densité de population. Cette étude a pour objectifs de cartographier l'extension du tissu urbain de Saint-Louis entre 1980 et 2024, en utilisant des outils de cartographie diachronique comme l’algorithme du Random Forest pour analyser l'évolution de la ville et de caractériser les formes d'expansion. Les résultats montrent une évolution de l'occupation du sol à Saint-Louis, entre 1980, 2000 et 2024. A cet effet, on note une croissance significative des zones urbaines, avec une multiplication par cinq des surfaces occupées par les bâtis et infrastructures, passant de 374,38 ha en 1980 à 2006,35 ha en 2024. L'urbanisation a surtout progressé vers le faubourg de Sor et la périphérie, modifiant l’espace urbain de la ville. Les transformations sont marquées par une augmentation des surfaces bâties, mais aussi par des disparitions dues à l'érosion côtière et aux inondations, notamment dans les zones sensibles de la ville. Ainsi, la gestion de cette croissance urbaine nécessite une approche intégrée, tenant compte des défis environnementaux, des besoins en infrastructures et de la préservation des espaces naturels, pour garantir un développement durable et résilient de la ville de Saint-Louis.
The evolution of the city of Saint-Louis, Senegal, is marked by population growth and urban development in an environment prone to river flood risks and coastal erosion. Despite measures such as the opening of the drainage canal in 2003, which reduced the risk of flooding, the effects of climate change and erosion remain a challenge. In this context, the city extends into the scarce available land resources and is often characterized by informal urbanization and a lack of infrastructure. This urban expansion is accompanied by management issues related to stagnant rainwater and high population density. In light of these challenges, this study aims to map the urban expansion of Saint-Louis between 1980 and 2024, using diachronic mapping tools like the Random Forest algorithm to analyze the city's evolution and characterize the forms of expansion. The results show the evolution of land use in Saint-Louis, Senegal, between 1980, 2000, and 2024. There has been significant growth in urban areas, with the area occupied by housing and infrastructure increasing fivefold, from 374.38 ha in 1980 to 2006.35 ha in 2024. Urbanization has primarily progressed toward the Faubourg de Sor and the periphery, altering the urban space of the city. The transformations are marked by an increase in built-up areas, but also by disappearances due to coastal erosion and flooding, particularly in the city's vulnerable zones. Thus, managing this urban growth requires an integrated approach, taking into account environmental challenges, infrastructure needs, and the preservation of natural spaces to ensure sustainable and resilient development of the city of Saint-Louis
Revue systématique de l'association entre les déplacements domicile-travail et le bien-être subjectif
Get PDFLes déplacements domicile-travail font partie intégrante de la vie quotidienne et peuvent avoir une influence significative sur le bien-être subjectif (SWB). Les résultats des recherches sur la relation entre les déplacements et le bien-être subjectif sont toutefois contradictoires, d'où la nécessité d'une synthèse systématique des données existantes. Conformément aux principes PRISMA, cette revue systématique vise à examiner les relations entre les caractéristiques des déplacements domicile-travail et les différentes dimensions du bien-être subjectif. Nous avons inclus uniquement des études évaluées par des pairs, publiées entre 2010 et 2023, analysant les effets de la durée du trajet, du mode de transport et de la distance sur les composantes cognitive, affective et eudémonique du bien-être subjectif. Les bases de données mobilisées pour cette recherche sont Scopus, Google Scholar et PubMed. Après l'application des critères d'inclusion et une évaluation rigoureuse de la qualité méthodologique, un total de 32 études a été retenu. Les résultats montrent que les trajets longs sont associés à des niveaux de bien-être plus faibles, notamment en raison de la réduction du temps consacré au repos, aux loisirs et aux interactions sociales. Les modes de transport actifs, tels que la marche et le vélo, sont associés à une satisfaction plus élevée et à un niveau de stress moindre. En revanche, les transports en commun sont souvent perçus négativement, en raison de l’inconfort, des retards et du manque de fiabilité. Enfin, les caractéristiques individuelles jouent un rôle déterminant : les femmes et les parents ayant des responsabilités familiales apparaissent plus vulnérables aux effets négatifs des déplacements, tandis que les jeunes et les personnes seules semblent s’y adapter plus facilement.
Commuting is an integral part of daily life and can have a significant influence on subjective well-being (SWB). However, findings from research on the relationship between commuting and SWB remain contradictory, highlighting the need for a systematic synthesis of existing data. In line with PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review aims to examine the relationships between commuting characteristics and the different dimensions of subjective well-being. Only peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2023 were included, focusing on the effects of travel time, mode of transport, and commuting distance on the cognitive, affective, and eudaimonic components of SWB. The databases consulted were Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed.
After applying inclusion criteria and conducting a rigorous methodological quality assessment, a total of 32 studies were retained. The results indicate that long commutes are associated with lower levels of well-being, mainly due to reduced time for rest, leisure, and social interaction. Active modes of transport, such as walking and cycling, are consistently linked to higher satisfaction and lower stress levels. In contrast, public transportation is often perceived negatively due to discomfort, delays, and lack of reliability. Finally, individual characteristics play a key role: women and parents with family responsibilities appear more vulnerable to the negative effects of commuting, whereas young people and single individuals tend to adapt more easily
Supply Chain Resilience: Conceptualization of Total Quality Management and Performance of Kenya Medical Supplies Authority
Get PDFTotal Quality Management is an essential management approach that enables organizations and leaders in the modern era to leverage strategic management in running successful businesses. Managers are empowered to improve the quality of services and products by incorporating key total quality management principles, including fact-based decisions, process-centric approaches, relationship management, and employee engagement. However, the Kenya Medical Supplies Authority has faced scrutiny due to inefficiencies and service delivery delays, which are hindering access to essential healthcare services. This study focuses on assessing the Kenya Medical Supplies Authority's performance in applying the four Total Quality Management principles, which received inadequate attention in previously reviewed research. The study is grounded in four theoretical foundations: resource-based view, dynamic capabilities, stakeholder theories, and Deming’s theory of quality management. A descriptive research design was incorporated to guide data collection, targeting employees at the Authority with its headquarters in Nairobi County. A total of 181 respondents were sampled from a population of 330 employees. Sampling techniques for this study involved proportionate stratified and simple random sampling to guarantee representative participation from different management levels, including top, middle, and operational staff. Primary data was gathered using structured questionnaires, and a pilot test comprising 18 respondents from the Mission for Essential Drug Supplies was performed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the instrument. The data were analyzed quantitatively using both descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS version 25. The findings on regression analysis indicate a strong relationship between these variables and performance (R = 0.765, R² = 0.585, F (4, 135) = 55.036, p < 0.001), pointing out that TQM practices explain 58.5% of the variance in organizational performance. Fact-based decisions had the highest impact (B = 0.372, t = 5.239, p < 0.001), followed by employee engagement (B = 0.348, t = 4.640, p < 0.001), process-centric approach (B = 0.319, t = 4.691, p < 0.001), and relationship management (B = 0.257, t = 3.134, p = 0.002). The findings point to the importance of continuous staff training, participatory leadership, and integrated data systems to enhance performance. The study recommends targeted mentorship for junior staff, regular evaluations to improve decision-making, and fostering a supportive organizational culture to sustain quality improvements
Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des professionnels de santé en matière de cancer du col de l’utérus dans la commune de Parakou (Bénin) en 2024
Get PDFIntroduction : En Afrique et dans les pays en développement, le cancer du col de l’utérus (CCU) est le cancer le plus diagnostiqué chez les femmes. Objectifs : Évaluer le niveau de connaissances, d’attitude et de pratique des professionnels de santé en matière de cancer du col utérin dans la commune de Parakou au Bénin. Méthodes : Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale descriptive, à visée analytique avec collecte prospective de données, réalisée sur une période de 09 semaines allant du 1er juillet au 05 septembre, impliquant les professionnels de santé de la commune de Parakou. Résultats : Au total 116 professionnels de santé avaient participé à l’étude. L'âge moyen était de 29 ± 6,62 ans, avec des extrêmes de 21 à 52 ans. Parmi eux, 92,17 % (107), connaissaient le HPV comme facteur de risque principal ; 52,17 % (61), ignoraient l'existence des vaccins. Le niveau de connaissance sur le cancer du col de l’utérus était globalement insuffisant (54 enquêtés soit 46,55 %). Quatre-vingt-dix-huit virgule vingt-huit pour cent (98,28 %) soit 114 enquêtés considéraient le cancer du col de l’utérus (CCU) comme une affection grave. Concernant le dépistage, 46,55 % (54) estimaient qu'il était bien organisé et 77,59 % (90), soutenaient un dépistage systématique. Globalement, 51,72 % (60), avaient une attitude juste face au cancer du col. En pratique, 80,17 % (93), sensibilisaient leurs patientes sur les facteurs de risque, et 69 % (80), avaient procédé au dépistage. Parmi eux, 76,25 % (88), utilisaient l’IVA (inspection visuelle après application d’acide acétique) /IVL (inspection visuelle après application de Lugol), 32,50 % (38), le test HPV et 17,50 % (20) le frottis cervico utérin (FCU). Seulement 6,45 % (7), prescrivaient le FCU systématiquement. Au total, 38,79 % (45), avaient une pratique adéquate, et 89,66 % (104), des agents avaient un score CAP global acceptable, influencé par le secteur d’activité (privé), l’absence de formation continue, la catégorie socio-professionnelle infirmier et le sexe masculin. Conclusion : Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité de formations médicales continues des professionnels de santé sur le diagnostic et la prise en charge de cette pathologie.
Introduction: In Africa and developing countries, cervical cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare professionals regarding cervical cancer in the municipality of Parakou in Bénin. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, with an analytical aim and prospective data collection, carried out over a period of 9 weeks from July 1 to September 5, involving health professionals in the commune of Parakou. Results: A total of 116 health professionals participated in the study. The average age of participants was 29 ± 6.62 years, ranging from 21 to 52 years. 92.17% (107) were aware of HPV as the main risk factor; 52.17% (61) were unaware of the existence of vaccines. Overall knowledge about cervical cancer was inadequate (54 of the surveyed, or 46.55%). 98.28% (114), considered cervical cancer a serious condition. Regarding screening, 46.55% (54) felt it was well organized, and 77.59% (90), supported systematic screening. Overall, 51.72% (60) had an appropriate attitude toward cervical cancer. In practice, 80.17% (93) raised awareness among their patients about risk factors, and 69% had conducted screenings. Among them, 76.25% (88), used VIA (visual inspection after application of acetic acid)/IVL (visual inspection after application of Lugol), 32.50% (38) used the HPV test, and 17.50% (20) used the FCU. Only 6.45% (7), prescribed the Cervical smear systematically. In total, 38.79% (48) had adequate practice, and 89.66% (104) of the healthcare providers had an acceptable overall CAP score, influenced by the sector of activity, absence of continuing education, socio-professional category, and gender. Conclusion: These results highlight the need for ongoing training of healthcare professionals to improve the early diagnosis and management of this condition
The Right to a Fair Trial Within a Reasonable Time Under Burundian Law
Get PDFIn the course of a trial, both the speed of justice and its slowness present virtues and vices that are sometimes difficult to reconcile. From a doctrinal point of view, the temporality of the trial has been explored by various scholars, yet it remains a source of controversy. A fundamental conflict exists between modern proponents of celerity, who advocate for expedited proceedings, and traditionalists, who emphasize the quality of the trial and strict adherence to the rights of the defense. Given these divergent perspectives on trial temporality, between a rapid investigation and one conducted slowly and cautiously, the guarantee of reasonable time is the right solution for reconciling the two extremes of the temporality of the process: speed and slowness. To be in accordance with the concept of reasonable time, celerity must not be so fascinating as to disrupt the balance of power within the trial, undermine procedural formalism, or compromise the rights of the defense. It must be pursued with restraint, in concreto, ensuring that the time saved does not translate into a loss of quality. Although the Burundian Constitution enshrines the principle of the right to be tried within a reasonable time, the notion of reasonable time, as well as its assessment criteria, is not detailed in any legislative or regulatory text, nor is it enshrined in national case law. This gap sometimes leads to unreasonable delays in legal proceedings. In Burundian positive law, the tension between ensuring procedural quality, rooted in the right of defense, and the need for trial expediency, a common issue in well-established rule-of-law countries, is even more pronounced. There are divergent interpretations of the right to a fair trial within a reasonable time among judicial authorities. Some prioritize speed, minimizing delays in the proceedings, while others emphasize thoroughness and quality, ensuring strict adherence to the right of defense and the principle of adversarial proceedings, as enshrined in Article 39 of the Constitution. The development of the article emphasizes on clarifying the problem which affect the temporality of the trial and that of reconciling the speed and the quality of justice in Burundi. The results of this research are derived from doctrine, the jurisprudence of the Human Rights Committee, case law of the European Court of Human Rights and the African Court of Human and Peoples' Rights, as well as Burundian case law. Through the analysis of doctrine, national and international case law, law and judgments, the study aims to evaluate how Burundian positive law reconciles the requirements of speed and those of length of procedures. The discussion of the results is based on a qualitative doctrinal research method. The documentary methodology analyzes legal texts, books, judgments, and rulings with the force of res judicata, along with national and international case law. This article seeks to examine the challenges and issues associated with the right to be tried within a reasonable time in Burundi. Its objectives is to analyze whether the guarantees proclaimed by the Constitution, the African Charter, and other international instruments ratified by Burundi, specifically those related to reasonable trial time, are effectively being implemented. It proposes how the international jurisprudence and its criteria that promote reasonable time can be endorsed in Burundian jurisprudence in order to provide a remedy for unreasonable delays in judicial proceedings. Given the advances made by the case law of the Human Rights Committee, the European Court, and the African Court regarding reasonable time, it is more essential than ever for Burundian positive law to foster a "culture of reasonable time" by reconciling, combining procedural guarantees and valorizing the criteria for good management of trial temporality. The implementation of reasonable time limits for judicial procedures can help to balance the course of the trial in Burundi. It may contribute to avoiding downtime of the trial, periods of inactivity, as well as unnecessary delays. It may also help the Burundian judicial and state authorities maintain control over the investigation process, remain clear-sighted, and serve as the ultimate guardian of both fairness and celerity
Vécu de la réalité post-carcérale et réinsertion socio-professionnelle des ex-détenus de la prison centrale de Yaoundé
Get PDFL’objectif de cette étude est de vérifier que le vécu de la réalité post-carcérale détermine la réinsertion socio-professionnelle des ex-détenus de la prison centrale de Yaoundé. En effet, on note une absence totale de suivi postpénal notamment l’existence des centres de replacement des détenus à leur sortie de prison. En conséquence, les anciens pensionnaires éprouvent de nombreuses difficultés à se réinsérer après leur séjour en milieu carcéral. Ces lacunes témoignent d’une forme de dissonance cognitive entre les textes et le contexte. Sur le plan méthodologique, la recherche a adopté un devis mixte, fondé sur des enquêtes par entretiens et questionnaires, effectuées auprès d’un échantillon de 50 ex-détenus sélectionnés à partir de la technique d’échantillonnage accidentelle associée à la méthode boule de neige et des responsables de la prison sélectionnée par convenance. Les résultats obtenus ont révélé au coefficient de contingence (CC: 0,328), une association forte entre le manque de structures de suivi postpénal et le niveau de réinsertion des ex-détenus. Puis, une association très forte au coefficient de contingence (CC : 0,429) entre les pratiques d’exclusion sociale et la réinsertion des ex-détenus. Enfin, une association forte au coefficient de contingence (CC : 0,351) entre la situation économique ambiante et le niveau de réinsertion des ex-détenus. L’étude a révélé que, quelle que soit pertinence des mesures prises, seule une synergie d’actions de tous les acteurs intervenant dans le champ de la réinsertion et du développement social peut favoriser la mise en place d’un mécanisme de facilitation de la réinsertion post-carcérale.
The aim of this study is to verify that the post-prison experience determines the socio-professional reintegration of ex-prisoners in Yaoundé Central Prison. In fact, there is a total absence of post-prison follow-up, particularly the existence of outplacement centres for prisoners on their release from prison. As a result, former inmates are finding it very difficult to reintegrate after their stay in prison. These shortcomings reflect a form of cognitive dissonance between the texts and the context. From a methodological point of view, the research adopted a mixed design, based on surveys using interviews and questionnaires, carried out with a sample of 50 ex-prisoners selected using the accidental sampling technique combined with the snowball method, and with prison officials selected by convenience. The contingency coefficient (CC: 0.328) of the results showed a strong Then, a very strong association at the contingency coefficient (CC: 0.429) between social exclusion practices and the reintegration of ex-prisoners. Finally, a strong association at the contingency coefficient (CC: 0.351) between the prevailing economic situation and the level of reintegration of ex-prisoners. The study revealed that, whatever the relevance of the measures taken, only a synergy of actions between all the players involved in the field of reintegration and social development can promote
Sexe, absence du père, développement affectif et performances scolaires chez des élèves de cours préparatoire au Burkina Faso
Get PDFAu Burkina Faso, les divorces, les foyers monoparentaux et les familles recomposées engendrent souvent l’absence du père biologique de la famille de résidence de l’enfant, laquelle absence peut être problématique pour le développement affectif de l’enfant. Cet article a pour objectif d’explorer le lien entre l'absence du père, le développement affectif et les performances scolaires des enfants Burkinabè. La méthode quantitative a été utilisée pour générer des données objectives et les comparer. À travers un échantillonnage non probabiliste, 60 enfants (filles et garçons), âgés de 5 à 7 ans, répartis entre ceux vivant avec leurs deux parents biologiques et ceux résidant dans des familles monoparentales ou recomposées, a été choisi et interrogé. L’instrument de mesure du développement de la petite enfance (IMDPE) a été administré à travers l’application Kobocollect. Il remplit une fonction prédictive du développement affectif et des performances scolaires. Une grille d’analyse documentaire a oété utilisée pour recueillir les données des évaluations nécessaires à l’étude. Une meilleure compréhension de la relation entre les variables a nécessité des analyses de régressions avec le logiciel SPSS, version 27. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence l’impact de l’absence du père biologique de la famille de résidence de l’enfant sur le développement affectif (B=-0,369, p=0,004) des enfants. Son incidence sur le développement affectif des garçons (B=-0,401 p=0,028) est plus significative que celui des filles (B=-0,333, p=0,072). Les performances scolaires sont également affectées par l’absence du père biologique (B=-0,269, p=0,038). Cet effet est plus expressif chez les garçons (ß=-0,336, p=0,069) que chez les filles (ß=-0,202, p=0,285), bien qu’il ne soit pas significatif au seuil de 5%. Les pères doivent témoigner de leur présence qualitative auprès de leurs enfants au même titre que les mères pour que leur développement affectif soit harmonieux et leurs performances scolaires satisfaisantes.
In Burkina Faso, divorce, single-parent households and blended families often result in the absence of the father from the child's family home, which can be problematic for the child's emotional development. The aim of this article is to explore the link between father absence, emotional development and school performance in Burkinabe children. The quantitative method was used to generate and compare objective data. Using non-probability sampling, 60 children (girls and boys) aged between 5 and 7, divided between those living with their two biological parents and those living in single-parent or blended families, were selected and interviewed. The Early Childhood Development Instrument (ECDI) was administered using the Kobocollect application. It predicts emotional development and school performance. A documentary analysis grid was used to collect the assessment data required for the study. To gain a better understanding of the relationship between the variables, regression analyses were carried out using SPSS software version 27. The results show the impact of the absence of the biological father from the child's family of residence on the children's emotional development (B=-0.369, p=0.004). Its impact on the emotional development of boys (B=-0.401 p=0.028) is more significant than that of girls (B=-0.333, p=0.072). School performance was also affected by the absence of the biological father (B=-0.269, p=0.038). This effect is more pronounced for boys (ß=-0.336, p=0.069) than for girls (ß=-0.202, p=0.285), although it is not significant at the 5% threshold. Fathers need to be as qualitatively present with their children as mothers if their children's emotional development is to be harmonious and their school performance satisfactory
Impact of Social Media on Senior Secondary School Students’ Involvement in Cybercrime in Udi Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study investigated the impact of social media on senior secondary school students’ involvement in Cybercrime in Udi Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. The study specifically explored the level of addictiveness to social media by students in senior secondary schools, and the influence of social media on students’ involvement in Cybercrime in senior secondary schools. Two research questions guided the study, and two null hypotheses were formulated for the study and tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. The respondents used for the study consisted of 173 SS 2 students (73 males and 100 females) from the four schools sampled for the study using a simple random sampling technique (balloting). Data was collected using the Social Media and Cybercrime Questionnaire (SMCQ), which was validated by experts. An estimate of the stability of the instrument yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.85 using Cronbach’s Alpha statistic. Mean and standard deviation were used as descriptive statistics to answer the research questions, while the independent samples t-test was adopted as an inferential statistic. The findings indicated that male students have a higher level of addiction to social media than their female counterparts, and male students are more involved in Cybercrime as a result of social media influence than their female counterparts. The results also revealed that there is no significant difference in the mean responses of male and female students on the influence of social media on their involvement in Cybercrime in secondary school. It was recommended that the school authorities should monitor both the male and female students on the usage of social media in schools, as its usage has a positive relationship with their involvement in Cybercrime
Relación entre engagement educativo y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad pública
Get PDFIntroducción: El compromiso académico del estudiante universitario, con respecto a la carrera de elección, repercutirá en el rendimiento académico y, una vez concluida la formación, en el desempeño profesional. Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre el nivel de engagement educativo y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de Enfermería. Metodología: estudio transversal, descriptivo, de asociación. Se encuestó a los alumnos de una universidad pública del estado de Querétaro, México, considerando ambos sexos, de 2do a 8vo semestre, mayores de edad. Se aplicó la Escala Multifactorial de Engagement Educativo, confiabilidad de 0.91; cuenta con 5 factores/dimensiones en 34 reactivos. Se cuestionaron datos sociodemográficos que incluyeron, además de la edad y semestre, promedio académico. El análisis de datos se realizó en el programa SPSS v. 25 utilizando estadística descriptiva. La asociación de variables se verificó mediante prueba de Chi cuadrada. Se consideraron los aspectos éticos de la investigación en humanos. Resultados: Se encuestaron 114 alumnos que pertenecían a dos planes de estudio distintos. El promedio académico general fue de 8.5 D.E. 0.50. 82.5% fueron mujeres, trabaja y estudia el 41.2%. Para el 52.6%, Enfermería fue su primera elección de carrera. El nivel de engagement fue predominantemente bajo en el factor de gestión para los alumnos de ambos planes de estudio y alto en el factor contexto y valores. No se encontró asociación entre las dimensiones de engagement y promedio académico. Conclusión: El estudio del engagement aporta elementos de análisis para la adecuada formación académica del estudiante de enfermería.
Introduction: University students’ academic engagement with their chosen field of study significantly influences their academic performance and, upon graduation, their professional competence. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the level of educational engagement and academic performance among nursing students. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study. Students from a public university in the state of Querétaro, Mexico, were surveyed. The sample included male and female students from the 2nd to the 8th semester, all of legal age. The Multifactorial Educational Engagement Scale was used (reliability coefficient: 0.91), which comprises 34 items across five factors/dimensions. Sociodemographic data were collected, including age, academic semester, and grade point average (GPA). Data were analyzed using SPSS v.25, employing descriptive statistics. The association between variables was assessed using the Chi-square test. Ethical considerations regarding human research were observed. Results: A total of 114 students, enrolled in two different academic curricula, participated. The average GPA was 8.5 (SD = 0.50). Of the participants, 82.5% were female, and 41.2% both worked and studied. For 52.6% of students, nursing was their first choice of career. The level of engagement was predominantly low in the "management" factor across both academic plans, but high in the "context and values" factor. No statistically significant association was found between the engagement dimensions and academic performance. Conclusion: The study of educational engagement provides valuable insights for improving the academic training of nursing students
Caractéristiques structurales et écologiques des populations d’espèces d’arbres à valeur commerciale des forêts classées de Sota et de Wari-Maro au Bénin
Get PDFLes populations des espèces à valeur commerciale subissent généralement des pressions. Cette étude vise à analyser la structure des populations de quelques espèces dans les forêts du Bénin en vue de leur conservation. Elle a été menée en zone soudano-guinéenne (forêt classée Wari-Maro) et en zone soudanienne (forêt de Sota). Le diamètre de tous les arbres a été mesuré dans des placeaux de 0,25 ha installés dans ces forêts. Une analyse de correspondance détendue (DCA) suivie d’une analyse en composantes principales (ACP) réalisée sur les indices de valeur d’importance (IVI) ont permis de comparer la composition floristique des forêts. Les indices de diversité, les paramètres dendrométriques et les densités de régénération ont été calculés ; les structures en diamètre ont été réalisées. Au vu des IVI, Isoberlinia doka et Anogeissus leiocarpa étaient plus importantes dans la forêt classée de Wari-Maro tandis que Afzelia africana, Prosopis africana et Pterocarpus erinaceus étaient plus importantes dans la forêt classée de Sota. Pseudocedrela kotschyi et Diospyros mespiliformis avaient des IVI faibles dans toutes les forêts. Au vu des structures en diamètre et des densités de régénération, des problèmes de remplacement des arbres se poseront à long terme dans les populations de ces espèces.
Populations of commercially valuable species are generally under pressure. This study aims to analyze the population structure of a few species in the forests of Benin with a view to their conservation. It was conducted in the Sudano-Guinean zone (Wari-Maro classified forest) and in the Sudanian zone (Sota forest). The diameter of all trees was measured in 0.25 ha plots located in these forests. A relaxed correspondence analysis (RCA) followed by a principal component analysis (PCA) carried out on the importance value indices (IVI) made it possible to compare the floristic composition of the forests. Diversity indices, dendrometric parameters and regeneration densities were calculated; diameter structures were made. Based on the IVIs, Isoberlinia doka and Anogeissus leiocarpa were more important in the Wari-Maro classified forest while Afzelia africana, Prosopis africana and Pterocarpus erinaceus were more important in the Sota classified forest. Pseudocedrela kotschyi and Diospyros mespiliformis had low IVIs in all the forests. Based on the diameter structures and regeneration densities, the study concludes that tree replacement problems will arise in the long term in the populations of these species