European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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Activité hypoglycémiante des feuilles de Tridax procumbens chez des rats rendus diabétiques par l'alloxane lors une étude comparative sur 30 jours
Get PDFTridax procumbens est une plante connue traditionnellement en Afrique, et utilisée pour traiter de nombreuses pathologies telles que la fièvre, la dysenterie et le diabète. Cette étude visait à évaluer les propriétés hypoglycémiantes de la poudre des feuilles de Tridax procumbens chez des rats normaux, et des rats rendus diabétiques par l’alloxane. La glycémie (g/l) a été déterminée chaque trois (3) jours. La poudre des feuilles de Tridax procumbens a entraîné une baisse significative de la glycémie chez des rats à jeun qui s’est rapprochée de la normale après 30 jours d’induction du diabète. Nos résultats montrent que la poudre des feuilles de Tridax procumbens possède des propriétés hypoglycémiantes. Ce qui ouvre la voie de son utilisation pour élaborer des médicaments traditionnels améliorés (MTA) contre le diabète.
Tridax procumbens is a plant traditionally known in Africa and used to treat numerous pathologies such as fever, dysentery, and diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycaemic properties of Tridax procumbens leaf powder in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Blood glucose levels (g/l) were determined every three (3) days. Tridax procumbens leaf powder significantly lowered blood glucose levels in fasting rats, which were close to normal levels after 30 days of diabetes induction. Our results show that Tridax procumbens leaf powder has hypoglycaemic properties. This opens the way for its use in the development of improved traditional medicines (ITM) for diabetes
La fibrillation atriale : aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, paracliniques et évolutifs au service de cardiologie du centre hospitalier universitaire de l’amitié sino-centrafricaine (CHUASC) de Bangui
Get PDFObjectif : la fibrillation atriale (FA) est le trouble du rythme cardiaque le plus fréquent. Elle pose un réel problème de santé publique compte tenu de la fréquence élevée et croissante. Nous avons ainsi réalisé ce travail dont l’objectif était de décrire les différents aspects de la fibrillation atriale. Patients et méthodes : étude rétrospective et descriptive des patients hospitalisés au CHUSC de Bangui, incluant tous les patients présentant une fibrillation atriale à l’ECG de surface quelle qu’en soit la cardiopathie causale sur une période de 21 mois (1er Janvier 2021 à 30 septembre 2022). Résultats : quarante et cinq patients ont été enregistrés, soit une fréquence hospitalière de 9,7%. Le sex-ratio était de 0,73. L’âge moyen était de 59,13ans avec les extrêmes de 18 et 79 ans. L’hypertension artérielle était retrouvée dans 51 % de cas, suivie de l’obésité (31%). L’insuffisance cardiaque représentait 37% des circonstances de découverte suivie des complications thromboemboliques (17,7%). L’anémie était retrouvée dans 34,1%. La fonction rénale était altérée dans 48,7%. A l’électrocardiogramme, La FA à petites mailles était plus fréquente soit 66,6% contre 33,4%. L’hypertrophie ventriculaire était retrouvée dans 31,1% des cas. 29,6% des patients avaient le rétrécissement mitral suivis de cardiopathie hypertensive (22,2%) à l’échodoppler cardiaque qui a permis de retrouver également une dilatation de l’oreillette gauche dans 88,9%. La fraction d’éjection moyenne était de 52,56% avec des extrêmes de 25% et 72%. Sur le plan thérapeutique, 80% des patients ont bénéficié d’un traitement ralentisseur et 3 patients d’une tentative de cardioversion (chimique et électrique). Tous les patients porteurs de FA valvulaires étaient sous anti vitamine K. Les complications étaient de type hémodynamique (31%) et thromboembolique (27%). Un cas de décès à la phase aiguë était noté. Conclusion : la fibrillation atriale pose un réel problème de santé publique. Son pronostic reste redoutable par ses complications hémodynamiques, thromboemboliques et la majoration du risque de décès.
Objective: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm disorder. It poses a real public health problem given the high and increasing frequency. We have thus carried out this work, the objective of which was to describe the different aspects of atrial fibrillation. Patients and methods: Retrospective and descriptive study of patients hospitalized at the CHUSC of Bangui, including all patients presenting with atrial fibrillation (AF) on the surface ECG regardless of the causal heart disease over a period of 21 months. (January 1, 2021 to September 30, 2022). Results: Forty-five patients were registered, representing a hospital frequency of 9.7%. The sex ratio was 0.73. The mean age was 59.13 years, with extremes of 18 and 79 years. Arterial hypertension was found in 51% of cases, followed by obesity (31%). Heart failure represented 37% of the circumstances of discovery followed by thromboembolic complications (17.7%). Anemia was found in 34.1%. Renal function was impaired in 48.7%. On the electrocardiogram, small-mesh AF was more frequent, 66.6% versus 33.4%. Ventricular hypertrophy was found in 31.1% of cases. 29.6% of patients had mitral stenosis, followed by hypertensive heart disease (22.2%) on cardiac echoDoppler, which also found left atrial dilation in 88.9%. The mean ejection fraction was 52.56% with extremes of 25% and 72%. In terms of therapy, 80% of patients received slowing treatment and 3 patients received an attempt at cardioversion (chemical and electrical). All patients with valvular AF were on anti-vitamin K. Hemodynamic complications (31%) dominated in our series, followed by thromboembolic complications (27%). One case of death in the acute phase was noted. Conclusion: Atrial fibrillation poses a real public health problem. Its prognosis remains formidable due to its complications, the reduction in quality of life, and the increased risk of death. Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm disorder. It poses a real public health problem given the high and increasing frequency
University Students‘ Perceptions of a CLIL-Based Model in Teaching Aviation English Listening Skills
Get PDFThe study investigates university students’ perceptions of using a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach to teach Aviation English listening skills. The integration of content knowledge with language acquisition has gained momentum in English for Specific Purposes (ESP), particularly in aviation training contexts where comprehension of authentic radio communication is critical. A mixed-methods design was employed involving 60 undergraduate aviation students at Georgian Aviation University. Data were collected via a perception questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Results indicate that the majority of students viewed the CLIL-based approach positively, citing improved comprehension, contextual vocabulary acquisition, and increased engagement. However, some challenges, such as cognitive overload and unfamiliar terminology, were also reported. These findings suggest that CLIL holds promise for Aviation English instruction, provided that pedagogical scaffolding and appropriate materials are in place
Fertility Transition in Burundi: Contribution of Individual and Contextual factors among Women in Union
Get PDFAgainst the backdrop of uneven demographic transitions in sub-Saharan Africa, grasping the dynamics of fertility at a national level poses a significant challenge to the development of effective public policies. This study aims to ascertain the impact of individual and contextual factors on the fertility of union women in Burundi. To accomplish this, the study employs an analytical approach that systematically examines the repercussions of these factors. The analysis is based on data from the 2010 and 2016-2017 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). The 2016–17 DHS-III survey covered a sample of 16,620 households and focused on women aged 15–49. The study was conducted in accordance with a two-stage sampling plan to ensure representation at the national level and in urban and rural areas. A similar methodology was employed for the 2010 EDSB-II survey, which was conducted on a sample of 9,024 households. The study also incorporated representative samples from urban and rural areas, with biomarker tests administered in 50% of selected households. This approach enabled differentiated analyses to be performed by region and area of residence. While the overall quality of the data was satisfactory, the integration of specific modalities, including age at first marriage and the economic status of women in union, was necessitated by the small size of certain subgroups within the sample. Furthermore, while the decomposition method has been demonstrated to be an effective tool for identifying sources of variation in fertility, it is important to acknowledge its limitations. Notably, the method cannot distinguish precisely between individual and contextual effects, which may consequently introduce bias into the estimates. The findings, derived from the application of rudimentary and sophisticated decomposition techniques, suggest that the observed decline in fertility in Burundi is predominantly due to a performance effect. Furthermore, multivariate analyses demonstrate that economic activity, educational attainment, women's decision-making power and region of residence significantly influenced the reduction in fertility among union women between 2010 and 2016-2017. This study provides a detailed understanding of the mechanisms that led to the decline in fertility in Burundi, clearly distinguishing between the composition and performance effects. The central role of women's empowerment in this process is emphasized. Consequently, enhancing public policies that facilitate women's access to education, formal employment, and participation in household decision-making is recommended to support the ongoing demographic transition
Integrated Landscape Approaches: Definitions, Conceptualizations, Configurations, and Objectives through the Lens of Distributed Leadership Practices
Get PDFWhile it is widely recognised that integrated landscape approaches are strategic management and leadership strategies used by project team leadership to design, develop, and implement projects within integrated transboundary landscapes and seascapes, it is, however, less clear how they are defined, conceptualised, configured and operationalised to achieve desired outcomes. This study contributes to knowledge by providing a new configuration and conceptualisation of the integrated transboundary landscapes and seascapes conceptual framework; the four principles of integrated landscape approaches - (1) Landscape Partnership, (2) Shared Understanding, (3) Vision and Planning, and (4) Taking Action - need to be seen as strategic management and leadership objectives of the activity systems. To achieve this, the relationship between the four principles of integrated landscape approaches - (1) Landscape Partnership, (2) Shared Understanding, (3)Vision and Planning, and (4) Taking Action - as strategic management and leadership objectives is explored, drawing theoretical foundations from the four widely used distributed leadership practices: engaging, developing, enabling, and empowering. Data were collected through a survey instrument distributed to a sample of 420 participants, followed by statistical analysis using EFA and CFA to validate the model. The findings and implications of the results suggest the existence of a strong relationship between the integrated landscape approaches and the four practices of distributed leadership. It is revealed that (i) they draw from theoretical foundations; (ii) they operate independently of one another; (iii) they exhibit high levels of cross-loading; (iv) they can be integrated into a network of activity systems; (v) they require enactment in a specific order of primacy to function effectively; and (vi) they constitute a normative decision- making framework
Panorama de l'évolution des dépenses publiques au Maroc : Analyse historique et implications économiques
Get PDFCet article propose un panorama de l'évolution des dépenses publiques au Maroc, en adoptant une analyse historique et en explorant les implications économiques sur la période de 1980 à 2019. Pour mener cette analyse, nous avons utilisé des données quantitatives issues de sources officielles telles que la Banque Mondiale et la Direction de la Statistique du Maroc. L'étude est segmentée en sous-périodes distinctes : 1980-1993, 1994-2004 et 2005-2019. Nous avons employé des techniques de statistique descriptive et d'analyse de tendances pour examiner l'évolution des dépenses publiques et de la croissance économique au fil du temps. Les résultats montrent des variations significatives des dépenses publiques au Maroc en réponse à différents contextes économiques et politiques. Durant les années 1980, les dépenses publiques étaient marquées par des programmes d'ajustement structurel, entraînant une réduction des dépenses dans certains secteurs sociaux. La période post-1993 a vu une ouverture économique et une augmentation des investissements publics dans des secteurs stratégiques comme les infrastructures et les énergies renouvelables. Entre 2005 et 2019, les dépenses publiques ont continué à croître, reflétant une politique de soutien à la croissance économique et de réponse aux chocs internes et externes. En conclusion, l'évolution des dépenses publiques au Maroc démontre une adaptation continue aux défis économiques et sociaux.
This article provides an overview of the evolution of public spending in Morocco, adopting a historical analysis and exploring the economic implications from 1980 to 2019. To conduct this analysis, we utilized quantitative data from official sources such as the World Bank and the Moroccan Directorate of Statistics. The study is segmented into distinct sub-periods: 1980-1993, 1994-2004, and 2005-2019. We employed descriptive statistics and trend analysis techniques to examine the evolution of public spending and economic growth over time. The results reveal significant variations in public spending in Morocco in response to different economic and political contexts. During the 1980s, public spending was characterized by structural adjustment programs, leading to reductions in spending in certain social sectors. The post-1993 period saw economic liberalization and increased public investment in strategic sectors such as infrastructure and renewable energy. Between 2005 and 2019, public spending continued to grow, reflecting a policy of supporting economic growth and responding to internal and external shocks. In conclusion, the evolution of public spending in Morocco demonstrates a continuous adaptation to economic and social challenges
Gouvernance territoriale et performance des services de santé: perspectives pour les Groupements Sanitaires Territoriaux au Maroc
Get PDFCet article analyse les conditions de réussite des Groupements Sanitaires Territoriaux (GST) au Maroc, une innovation visant à décentraliser et intégrer les services de santé. S’appuyant sur le management public, les théories de la gouvernance et le cadre du Triple Aim, l’étude explore les leviers d’une gouvernance territoriale performante. La méthodologie repose sur une revue de littérature, une analyse comparative des réformes au Canada, en Espagne et en France, ainsi que sur l’examen des textes législatifs marocains (BO 7151, 7213) et des rapports institutionnels (OMS, HCP). Les résultats identifient comme facteurs clés : une territorialisation basée sur les besoins populationnels, une autonomie locale effective, des outils de pilotage (tableaux de bord, contractualisation) et un renforcement des capacités managériales, malgré des défis liés à la centralisation et aux disparités régionales. L’article préconise une gouvernance multi-niveaux agile, favorisant coordination, responsabilisation et expérimentation. Des recherches empiriques, notamment sur le pilote de Tanger-Tétouan-Al Hoceima, sont nécessaires pour évaluer l’impact des GST sur l’équité et la performance des services de santé.
This article examines the conditions for the success of Territorial Healthcare Groups (GSTs) in Morocco, an innovative initiative aimed at decentralizing and integrating healthcare services. Drawing on public management, governance theories, and the Triple Aim framework, the study explores the levers for effective territorial governance. The methodology combines a literature review, a comparative analysis of healthcare reforms in Canada, Spain, and France, and an examination of Moroccan legislative texts (BO 7151, 7213) and institutional reports (WHO, HCP). The findings highlight key success factors: territorialization based on population needs, effective local autonomy, management tools such as dashboards and contractual agreements, and strengthened managerial capacities, despite challenges posed by historical centralization and regional disparities. The article advocates for agile, multi-level governance that promotes coordination, accountability, and experimentation. Further empirical research, particularly on the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima pilot, is essential to assess the GSTs’ impact on equity and healthcare service performance
Facteurs de risque de décès des enfants dénutris aigus sévères au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional de Ouahigouya au Burkina Faso
Get PDFIntroduction : La dénutrition aiguë constitue un problème de santé publique dans nos pays en développement. L’objectif de cette étude était de rechercher les facteurs de risque de décès chez les enfants dénutris aigus sévères afin de contribuer à la réduction de la mortalité infantile. Méthodes : Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale de type rétrospectif à visée descriptive et analytique qui s’est déroulée sur une période de 12 mois. Résultats : la prévalence hospitalière de la dénutrition aiguë sévère était de 12,41 %. L’âge moyen des patients était de 19,22 mois ± 10,31. La tranche d’âge de 6 à 23 mois était la plus représentée (71,52%). Le sex-ratio était de 1,28 en faveur des garçons. Nous avons enregistré 6 décès dès la première semaine d’hospitalisation (54,54% des décès) et le taux de mortalité était de 7,28%. Les enfants ayant bénéficié d’une alimentation mixte et ceux qui n’avaient pas commencé la diversification alimentaire avaient plus de risque de décéder. La prostration, les convulsions et le choc septique constituaient des facteurs de risque de décès avec respectivement 2,34 ; 3,12 et 8,37 fois plus de risque de décès. Conclusion : L’amélioration de la prise en charge de la dénutrition aiguë sévère devrait se baser sur une meilleure prise en compte des facteurs associés à la mortalité.
Introduction: Acute malnutrition is a public health problem in developing countries. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for death in children with severe acute malnutrition in order to contribute to reducing child mortality. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical aims that took place over a period of 12 months. Results: The hospital prevalence of severe acute malnutrition was 12.41%. The mean age of patients was 19.22 ± 10.31. The age group between 6 and 23 months was the most represented (71.52%). The sex ratio was 1.28, favoring boys. We recorded 6 deaths in the first week of hospitalization (54.54% of deaths), and the mortality rate was 7.28%. Children who received a mixed diet and those who had not started weaning had a higher risk of dying. Prostration, convulsion, and septic shock were risk factors for death with 2.34, 3.12, and 8.37 times the risk of death, respectively. Conclusion: Improving the management of severe acute malnutrition should be done by better considering factors associated with mortality
Assessing Biometric Predictors of Gestational Age Among Ghanaian Women: The Quadratic Classifier Approach
Get PDFAims/Objectives: Research has revealed that some illnesses, such as gestational diabetes, might affect a woman's gestation differently. Not all pregnant women who are diagnosed of gestational diabetes, experience gestational variations. Therefore, studying other factors influencing gestational variations amongst women is essential. Subject/Methods: The biostatistics department at the War Memorial Hospital in Navrongo, the capital of the Kasena-Nankana municipality in Ghana's Upper East, provided the study's data. It includes information on women and the children who were born to them between January 2014 and January 2017 with a sample size of 1085. The study examined the impact of some characteristics of women on their gestational variation using a quadratic discriminant analysis. Results: The main factors influencing the separation of women into different gestational stages in the Municipality are parity, age, and the weight of the unborn child. Conclusion: However, the study found that parity was the most important factor in classifying women into below Estimated Date of Confinement, within Estimated Date of Confinement, and above Estimated Date of Confinement of gestation
Instructions to authors on generative AI in accounting publishing: Bibliometric and thematic insights
Get PDFThis study investigates how accounting journals listed in the Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) Journal Quality List address the use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools in scholarly publishing. Ninety-one A*, A, and B-ranked journals classified under Accounting (FoR 3501) were examined through a structured bibliometric review and thematic content analysis of author guidelines. The analysis revealed considerable variation in journal policies concerning AI use. While some journals provided clear disclosure requirements, others offered limited or no guidance, resulting in inconsistent expectations across the discipline. This lack of standardisation poses challenges for authors, editors, and institutions striving to uphold responsible research practices. The findings underscore the need for coherent, discipline-specific guidelines that ensure the ethical and transparent use of AI in accounting research. In response, the study proposes a framework for AI governance tailored to the accounting field. The framework includes standardised disclosure protocols, procedures for evaluating potential misuse, and the incorporation of AI ethics into journal practices. Aligning academic publishing standards with principles of transparency, accountability, fairness, and integrity, this research contributes to the development of best practices for managing AI use in accounting scholarship and informs broader discussions on responsible AI governance within academic and professional contexts