European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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Évaluation de la qualité de vie dans le Syndrome de Gougerot-Sjögren primitif
Get PDFIntroduction: Le syndrome de Gougerot-Sjögren (SGS) est une épithélite auto-immune caractérisée par une infiltration lymphocytaire TCD4+ prédominante, intéressant essentiellement les glandes salivaires et lacrymales exprimant la xérostomie et la xérophtalmie. Le score ESSPRI (European League Against Rheumatism) dédié aux malades permet d’évaluer l’activité de ces symptômes C’est ainsi que, nous nous sommes fixés comme objectif d’évaluer la qualité de vie dans le SGS primitif avec le questionnaire SF-36. Patients et méthode: Il s’agissait d’une étude cas-témoins, réalisée dans le service de Rhumatologie du CHU Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar entre Avril 2022 et juin 2024. Nous avons inclus des patients atteints de SGS primitif (bras 1) et des sujets sains (bras 2) ayant tous renseigné le questionnaire SF-36. Le diagnostic de la maladie de Sjögren reposait sur la confrontation d’arguments épidémiologiques, cliniques, paracliniques en accord avec les critères de classification de l’ACR-EULAR de 2016. Résultats: Cent cas de SGS primitifs ont été appariés avec 100 témoins sains, dont dans chaque bras, 86 femmes et 14 hommes. L’âge médian était respectivement de 53 ans (extrêmes : 20-85) chez les patients et 52,5 ans (extrêmes : 20-84) chez les témoins. Le syndrome sec oculaire et / ou buccal était constant, Il était associé à une atteinte articulaire (forme arthro-glandulaire) dans 80% des cas. La biopsie des glandes salivaires accessoires retrouvait un grade 3 ou 4 de Chisholm et Mason dans 88% des cas. L'ESPRI (European League Against Rheumatism) conclut à des symptômes non supportables dans 86,76% chez les cas index. Les auto-anticorps anti-SSA étaient positifs dans 17/78 cas (21,80%). Conclusion : Notre étude montre une altération significative de la qualité de vie des patients dans toutes les dimensions du SF-36 par rapport aux témoins sains. Cette altération de la qualité de vie était plus marquée dans les domaines RP (rôle physique) santé perçue limitation due à l’état physique; BP(body pain) douleur physique et GH(général health avec des scores inférieurs à 50 sur 100.
Introduction: Sjögren's syndrome (SGS) is an autoimmune epithelitis characterized by a predominant TCD4+ lymphocyte infiltration, mainly involving the salivary and lacrimal glands expressing xerostomia and xerophthalmia. The ESSPRI (European League Against Rheumatism) score dedicated to patients makes it possible to evaluate the activity of these symptoms. Thus, we have set ourselves the objective of evaluating the quality of life in primary SGS with the SF-36 questionnaire. Patients and method: One hundred cases of primary SGS were matched with 100 healthy controls, including 86 women and 14 men in each arm. The median age was 53 years (range: 20-85) in patients and 52.5 years (range: 20-84) in controls, respectively. The dry ocular and/or oral syndrome was constant, it was associated with joint involvement (arthro-glandular form) in 80% of cases. Biopsy of the accessory salivary glands found a grade 3 or 4 Chisholm and Mason grade in 88% of cases. The ESPRIT (European League Against Rheumatism) concludes that symptoms are unbearable in 86.76% of index cases. Anti-SSA autoantibodies were positive in 17/78 cases (21.80%). Results: One hundred cases of primary SGS were matched with 100 healthy controls, including 86 women and 14 men in each arm. The median age was 53 years (range: 20-85) in patients and 52.5 years (range: 20-84) in controls, respectively. The dry ocular and/or oral syndrome was constant, it was associated with joint involvement (arthro-glandular form) in 80% of cases. Biopsy of the accessory salivary glands found a grade 3 or 4 Chisholm and Mason grade in 88% of cases. The ESPRIT (European League Against Rheumatism) concludes that symptoms are unbearable in 86.76% of index cases. Anti-SSA autoantibodies were positive in 17/78 cases (21.80%). Conclusion: Our study shows a significant impairment in patients' quality of life in all dimensions of SF-36 compared to healthy controls. This alteration in the quality of life was more pronounced in the domains of PR (physical role), perceived health, limitation due to physical condition; BP (body pain) physical pain and GH (general health with scores below 50 out of 100
The Impact of Chatgpt on English as a Foreign Language Learners’ Writing Skills-An Experimental Study at Georgian Universities
Get PDFThis study explores the impact of ChatGPT on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students' writing skills. The integration of advanced AI tools like ChatGPT has transformed educational experiences, offering significant potential to enhance writing competence through personalized feedback and interactive writing practice. Conducted in a Georgian higher education context, the study involved 33 B2-level students divided into experimental and control groups over six weeks. The experimental group used ChatGPT for writing assistance, while the control group received traditional instruction. Results showed that ChatGPT significantly improved students' writing performance, highlighting its efficacy as an educational tool. However, concerns about ethical use and over-reliance on AI were noted, emphasizing the need for a balanced integration of technology in language learning
Caractérisation physicochimiques et distribution spatiotemporelle des macroinvertébrés benthiques dans 4 étangs piscicoles (Yaoundé1, Yaoundé2, Mbankomo1 et Mbankomo2) dans la région du Centre (Cameroun)
Get PDFCette étude vise à déterminer la diversité macroinvertébrés benthiques en relation avec la qualité physico-chimique dans 4 étangs piscicoles (Yaoundé1, Yaoundé2, Mbankomo1 et Mbankomo2) dans la région du Centre (Cameroun). Les échantillonnages des macroinvertébrés benthiques ont été faits suivant l’approche multihabitat, en utilisant un troubleau de forme carrée muni d’un filet de 400 µm d’ouverture de maille. Les organismes ainsi récoltés ont été fixés au formol 10% contenu dans des piluliers en verre. Au laboratoire, les spécimens ont été lavés à l’eau courante puis conservés dans de l’alcool à 70° avant les opérations d’identification et de comptage. Au cours de cette étude, 9140 individus ont été récoltés appartenant à 3 embranchements (Mollusques, Annélides et Arthropodes), 3 classes,8 ordres et 32 familles. L’embranchements des mollusques correspond 7344 individus soit 80,35% d’abondance relative ; celui des arthropodes 1795 individus soit 19 ,63 % d’abondance relative. La classe des Gastéropodes prédomine avec 7344 individus soit 80,35 % d’abondance relative suivie des Insectes avec 1795 individus soit 19,63 % d’abondance relative puis des Achètes avec 1 individu soit 0,01 % d’abondance relative. La famille des Thiaridae a présenté une abondance relative de 66% parmi toutes les familles représentées. Elle présente des tolérances des niveaux relativement bas d‘oxygène dissous et peut se développer dans les eaux riches en matières organiques en décomposition, ce qui est caractéristique des milieux eutrophes. Les paramètres abiotiques tels que la température, l’oxygène dissous, la transparence, le nitrate et l’orthophosphate marque des eaux eutrophes dans ces étangs. L’analyse de l’indice de diversité de Shannon et d’équitabilité de Piélou présente les mêmes tendances. L’analyse des valeurs de l’Indice de Pollution Organique obtenue à partir des moyennes des classes de qualité, les eaux des étangs piscicoles étudiés sont sujettes à une forte pollution toutefois, seraient de mauvaise qualité écologique.
This study aims to determine the benthic macroinvertebrate diversity in relation to the physicochemical quality in 4 fish ponds (Yaoundé1, Yaoundé 2, Mbankomo1, and Mbankomo2) in the Centre Region (Cameroon). Benthic macroinvertebrate sampling was carried out using a multihabitat approach, with a square hand net with a 400 µm mesh size. The collected organisms were fixed in 10% formalin in glass vials. In the laboratory, the specimens were washed with tap water and then preserved in 70% alcohol before identification and counting. During this study, 9140 individuals were collected, belonging to 3 phyla (Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda), 3 classes, 8 orders, and 32 families. The Mollusca phylum accounted for 7344 individuals, representing 80.35% of the relative abundance; the Arthropoda phylum accounted for 1795 individuals, representing 19.63% of the relative abundance. The Gastropoda class predominated with 7344 individuals, representing 80.35% of the relative abundance, followed by Insecta with 1795 individuals, representing 19.63% of the relative abundance, and then Oligochaeta with 1 individual, representing 0.01% of the relative abundance. The Thiaridae family showed a relative abundance of 66% among all represented families. It exhibits tolerance to relatively low levels of dissolved oxygen and can thrive in waters rich in decaying organic matter, which is characteristic of eutrophic environments. Abiotic parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, transparency, nitrate, and orthophosphate indicate eutrophic waters in these ponds. The analysis of the Shannon diversity index and Pielou's evenness index shows the same trends. The analysis of the Organic Pollution Index values obtained from the averages of the quality classes indicates that the waters of the studied fish ponds are subject to high pollution and would therefore be of poor ecological quality
Impact des Fluctuations des Prix du Pétrole et du Régime de Subventions sur la Croissance Économique au Maroc : Étude Économétrique de 1998T1 à 2022T4
Get PDFCet article analyse l'impact des fluctuations des prix du pétrole et du régime de subventions sur la croissance économique au Maroc entre le premier trimestre de 1998 et le quatrième trimestre de 2022. En appliquant une analyse économétrique aux données trimestrielles, l’étude différencie les effets linéaires et asymétriques de prix du pétrole, ainsi que l’influence du régime de subventions. Les résultats indiquent que les hausses des prix du pétrole ( exercent un impact significatif sur la croissance du PIB, tandis que les baisses ( n'ont pas un effet direct. Le régime de subventions, quant à lui, montre un effet positif et soutenant. Ces conclusions mettent en lumière l'importance de politiques de subventions pour compenser les effets des hausses de prix du pétrole, et suggèrent d’élargir l’étude à d’autres facteurs explicatifs de la croissance économique marocaine.
This article aims to analyse the impact of oil price fluctuations and the subsidy regime on Morocco’s economic growth from the first quarter of 1998 to the fourth quarter of 2022. Through econometric analysis of quarterly data, the study distinguishes between linear and asymmetric effects of oil price changes, as well as the influence of the subsidy regime. The results indicate that increases in oil prices ( have a significant impact on GDP growth, whereas price decreases ( do not have a direct effect. The subsidy regime, on the other hand, demonstrates a positive and supportive effect. These findings underscore the importance of subsidy policies in offsetting the adverse effects of oil price increases and suggest broadening the study to other explanatory factors for Moroccan economic growth
Arte sonoro y metaverso
Get PDFEste pequeño ensayo intenta analizar los espacios que el arte sonoro habitaría en el espacio público digital y su transición como práctica artística hacia el metaverso, un entorno digital que redefine la percepción del sonido y su relación con el espacio. A través de un análisis teórico, se manifiestan elucubraciones sobre posibles trabajos con las dinámicas que permiten ampliar los límites de lo acústico, considerando el sonido no solo como un fenómeno físico, sino como un gesto artístico que transforma la experiencia espacial y temporal e invade el metaverso. Se propone que el metaverso, al ser un espacio virtual inmersivo, genera nuevas posibilidades para la creación de entornos sonoros que desafían las categorías tradicionales.
Metaverso y Arte Contemporáneo: ¿Dónde nos estamos metiendo?
This brief essay undertakes a critical examination of the potential spaces that sound art might occupy within the digital public sphere, focusing particularly on its transition as an artistic practice toward the metaverse - an emergent digital environment that reconfigures the perception of sound and its spatial articulations. Through a theoretical lens, the text explores speculative frameworks that engage with the dynamics enabling an expansion of the acoustic field, conceiving sound not merely as a physical phenomenon, but as an aesthetic gesture capable of reshaping temporal and spatial experience while permeating the virtual domain. It is argued that the metaverse, by virtue of its immersive and programmable nature, offers unprecedented conditions for the construction of sonic environments that challenge and transcend conventional aesthetic and ontological categories.
 
Climate and Soil Factors in the Control of Swollen Shoot Disease
Get PDFSwollen shoot is a viral disease of the cocoa tree in the major cocoa-producing areas of West Africa. Its progression can be influenced by several factors, including climate and soil. This study aims to assess the impact of mealybug vectors, climate and soil on the spread of swollen shoot disease in order to develop more effective control methods. It was done in the counties of Abengourou, Bouaflé, Divo and Soubré. Three plots showing early signs of infection were selected in each department. Thus, 6 concentric lines from a disease foci in different directions were defined and each line includes 9 unaffected cocoa trees. These cocoa trees were tracked for 2 years. The data collection consisted of determining the number of diseased and dead trees as well as the number of colonies of mealybug species on each tagged cocoa plant. In addition, composite samples were taken in the 0–60 cm stratum of each plot to determine the texture, composition of organic matter and soil chemicals. Then, climate data, including rainfall and temperature, were collected over the observation period. The variance analysis indicated homogeneity between the dry and wet seasons, between clay-silt and clay-sandy soils, and between soils low in organic matter and those with acceptable organic matter, in terms of disease effects and mealybug populations. However, in the dry season, the Pearson correlation was significant between these variables in the departments. Thus, it was also significant between the level of sand, potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), and exchangeable phosphorus contents, and the pH according to the textures studied and the soils poor in organic matter. Water deficit, texture, organic matter and nutrients of the cocoa tree are the factors that impact the spread of swollen shoot disease. These factors can therefore be used to implement an effective measure to combat swollen shoot disease
Les évolutions du travail en milieu hospitalier au Bénin à travers les interventions publiques dans le secteur de la santé de 2018 à 2023
Get PDFLes interventions publiques dans le secteur de la santé, les cinq dernières années, ont impacté le modèle d'organisation du travail en milieu hospitalier avec un redimensionnement de l'offre sanitaire. L'espace et les heures du travail ont été modifiés et l'offre hospitalière réorganisée avec une restructuration des process de prise en charge des patients. Cette réorganisation du travail hospitalier a engendré une restriction des mouvements syndicaux qui a conduit à une déconstruction des formes de solidarités des professionnels de santé et à une remise en cause des habitudes de production de soins considérées comme surrénales et contre-productives. La mobilisation de nouvelles logiques orientées vers l'optimisation de la prise en charge sanitaire des patients s'est érigée en mode de gouvernance hospitalière fondée sur une réorganisation de la plateforme sanitaire avec comme corollaire une remise en question des réflexes paralégaux. On assiste à une réorganisation des services médicaux et paramédicaux qui a affecté les emplois, les conditions de travail et les relations entre travailleurs et dirigeants hospitaliers. Le présent article restitue une recherche empirique qui vise à analyser les évolutions du travail en milieu hospitalier induites par les actions publiques intervenues entre 2018 et 2023 dans le secteur de la santé béninois. Ces interventions publiques soulèvent bien des interrogations : quelles sont les dynamiques sociales associées aux actions publiques dans le secteur de la santé ? quels sont les facteurs explicatifs des politiques publiques dans la fourniture des services et soins hospitaliers ? quels sont les effets de ces interventions publiques ? Ces préoccupations majeures ont orienté l'enquête suivant trois objectifs : apprécier les logiques sous-jacentes aux actions publiques dans le secteur de santé ; identifier les déterminants liés aux interventions publiques en milieu hospitalier ; inventorier les effets induits par les actions publiques sanitaires. La démarche méthodologique est fondamentalement qualitative. Collectés au moyen d'entretien directif, les corpus ont été analysés suivant la théorie de l’action publique associée à l’approche interactionniste. La restriction de l'espace d'intervention des professionnels de santé, le redimensionnement des rapports de travail sur fond de précarisation de l'emploi induit par une législation contraignante, la réduction des effectifs etc. sont les principaux résultats de l'enquête.
Public interventions in the health sector, the last five years, impacted the model of work organization in the hospital area with a change in health care services. This reorganization of hospital work has caused a restriction of syndical movements, which has led to a deconstruction of solidarity forms of health professionals and to a questioning of care production habits considered adrenal and counterproductive. The mobilization of new logics oriented towards the optimization of patient health care has become a mode of hospital governance based on a reorganization of the health platform, with, as a corollary, a questioning of paralegal reflexes. We witness a disorganization of medical and paramedical services that has affected jobs, work conditions, and relations between workers and hospital managers. This article presents an empirical research which aims to analyze the evolutions of work in the hospital area induced by public actions executed between 2018 and 2023 in the Beninese health sector. These public interventions raise many questions. What are the social dynamics associated with public actions in the health sector? What are the explanatory factors of public actions in the offer of hospital services and care? What are the effects of these public interventions? These major questions guided the investigation, which aims to: appreciate the logic underlying the public actions in the health sector; identify the determinants linked to public interventions in the hospital area; inventory the effects induced by public health actions. The methodological approach is fundamentally qualitative. Collected by a directive interview, the corpora were analyzed according to the theory of public action associated with the interactionist approach. The main results of the survey are: the restriction of the scope of intervention of health professionals, the resizing of employment relationships underground a backdrop of job insecurity induced by restrictive legislation, the reduction of staff, etc
Motherhood, Career Aspirations, and Life Goals: Exploring Young Women’s Attitudes as a Factor in the Declining Fertility Rate in Sri Lanka
Get PDFThe fertility rate in Sri Lanka has gradually declined over the last few decades. This study aims to explore how young Sri Lankan female undergraduates perceive motherhood in relation to their career aspirations and life goals. The study employed a mixed-method approach, following through a two-step process involving a survey and follow-up interviews, including in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The sample included 300 female students from three faculties - Arts, Management, and Science, both first-year and final-year - at the University of Colombo. The study adopted a pseudo-longitudinal design, comparing differences in perceptions and attitudes toward motherhood between students. Findings indicate that the importance placed on motherhood varies by academic discipline, with arts and management students generally prioritising it more than science students. The study also revealed a shift in attitudes from first-year to final-year students, as exposure to academic life and career aspirations influenced the timing and conditions of motherhood. Career goals, financial stability, and lifestyle considerations emerged as key factors shaping decisions about motherhood, while balancing career and family remains a source of concern for many students. The findings highlight the interplay between societal expectations, personal values, and professional ambitions in shaping young women’s reproductive choices in Sri Lanka. In conclusion, undergraduates’ perceptions of motherhood are shaped by academic discipline and socio-economic factors, often leading to delayed motherhood due to anticipated role conflicts and financial considerations. Creating supportive policies, flexible work environments, and community-level interventions is essential to empower young women to balance career and family while making informed reproductive choices
Évolution foncière dans un ancien front pionnier de cacao culture : la région du N’zi (centre-est de la Côte d’Ivoire)
Get PDFLa région du N’zi, reconnue pour son rôle pionnier dans la culture du cacao en Côte d’Ivoire est marquée par d’importantes transformations foncières. Cet article explore l’évolution des systèmes de gestion des terres d’un contexte pionnier à une période post pionnière. La méthodologie de recherche a consisté à faire une recherche documentaire sur le contexte foncier les pratiques antérieures et actuelles régionales. Les enquêtes de terrains ont été des ‘’enquêtes à plusieurs passages’’ dans 53 localités sur 206 villages. Les résultats montrent d’abord que les anciennes pratiques foncières sont en survie car 87 % des producteurs ont obtenus leurs parcelles par héritage. Ensuite dans le contexte actuel, une inégale délimitation des terroirs dans les départements est observée avec la totalité des terroirs délimités à Bocanda lorsqu’à Kouassi kouassikro aucun département n’est délimité. Cette dynamique foncière favorise l’implantation de 4 nouvelles sociétés agricoles dans 9 localités de la région.
The N’zi region, recognized for its pioneering role in cocoa cultivation in Ivory Coast, is marked by significant land transformations. This article explores the evolution of land management systems from a pioneer context to a post-pioneer period. The research methodology consisted of documentary research on the land context, previous and current regional practices. The field surveys were “multi-pass surveys” in 53 localities out of 206 villages. The results first show that old land practices are surviving because 87% of producers obtained their plots through inheritance. Then, in the current context, an uneven delimitation of terroirs in the departments is observed, with all of the terroirs delimited in Bocanda, while in Kouassi Kouassikro, no department is delimited. This land dynamic favors the establishment of 4 new agricultural companies in 9 localities in the region
Strengthening Pandemic Preparedness in Undergraduate Education through Curricular Reform: Post-COVID-19 Insights
Get PDFAims and Scope: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed widespread gaps in undergraduate biomedical and health sciences programs' ability to prepare future healthcare professionals for public health emergencies. This study aimed to identify key curricular indicators for strengthening pandemic preparedness in undergraduate education, using Georgia as a representative case study of a resource-constrained setting. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using virtual semi-structured interviews with 33 educators recruited through purposive sampling based on teaching experience and disciplinary background. Participants represented medicine, public health, nursing, dentistry, and pharmacy programs - 30 from Georgian institutions and 3 international experts for data triangulation. Data collected from May to August 2024 were analysed using inductive thematic analysis in MAXQDA, a qualitative analysis software. Ethical approval was obtained from The University of Georgia School of Health Sciences Ethics Committee (Approval Number: N:11-6461). Findings: Three key curricular indicators emerged for strengthening pandemic preparedness: (1) institutional readiness by embedding pandemic-focused content and simulation-based learning into core curricula; (2) public health communication, including vaccine advocacy, crisis response messaging, and risk communication; (3) research and collaboration capacity through interdisciplinary and international engagement to build a responsive academic workforce. Conclusion: Despite lessons from COVID-19, many undergraduate biomedical and health sciences programs continue to lack structured disaster preparedness instruction, leaving students unprepared for emergency response. The identified key indicators provide a foundation for undergraduate curricular reform. Using Georgia as an example, the findings present a scalable reform framework to strengthen pandemic preparedness, system resilience and better prepare future professionals for public health emergencies