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Colectomie, indications et résultats à l’hôpital général de référence de Niamey
Get PDFIntroduction : La colectomie est généralement indiquée pour plusieurs pathologies coliques à savoir le carcinome colorectal, le volvulus du colon pelvien, la polypose adenomateuse et les cancers coliques dont les plus fréquents sont : la colite ulcéreuse, la maladie de Crohn et la diverticulite qui sont devenues réfractaires à la thérapie médicale. Le but etait rapporté les indications ainsi que les résultats de la colectomie à l’Hôpital Général de Référence de Niamey. Patients et méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective unicentrique allant du 1er janvier 2020 au mois de Juillet 2024, soit une période de 5 ans. Tous les patients admis dans les services de chirurgie pour qui une colectomie a été indiquée et réalisée pendant la période de notre étude. Résultats : Nous avons recensé au cours de notre étude 27 cas, le sexe masculin était le plus fréquent soit 77,78% des cas. La moyenne d’âge était de 50, 74 ans avec les extrêmes de 18 à 78 ans, la mode était de 66 ans et un Ecart type de 14,54. La tranche d’âge 45-59 était majoritaire avec 14 cas soit 51,85%. La douleur abdominale était le signe fonctionnel le plus fréquent avec 51,85 %. Dans notre étude 15 patients avaient réalisé un bilan tumoral soit 55,56% des cas. La localisation sur le colon sigmoïde à la coloscopie était la plus fréquente soit 11,11%. En période préopératoire la tumeur sigmoïdienne et le volvulus du colon sigmoïde sont les diagnostics les plus suspectés soit 18,52% des cas pour chacun. Une grande partie de nos patients était classée ASA 1 soit 74,07% des cas. La majorité des patients avait bénéficié d’une laparotomie soit 70,4% des cas. L’hemicolectomie droite est la colectomie la plus réalisée soit 40,74% suivie de la sigmoidectomie avec 29,63% des cas. L’infection du site opératoire était la complication la plus fréquente soit 14,81% des cas. La suite opératoire était simple dans 62,98% des cas. Nous avons enregistré un décès péri-opératoire soit 3,70% des cas. Conclusion : La colectomie fait partie intégrante de la prise en charge thérapeutique des affections coliques, il existe plusieurs types de colectomies dont les réalisations dépendent de la localisation de la tumeur et de son stade évolutif.
Introduction : Colectomy is generally indicated for several colic pathologies, namely colorectal carcinoma, pelvic colon volvulus, adenomatous polyposis and colic cancers, the most common of which are : ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and diverticulitis which have become refractory to medical therapy. report the indications as well as the results of the colectomy to the Niamey General Reference Hospital. Patients and methods: This was a single-center retrospective study running from January 1, 2020 to July 2024, a period of 5 years. All patients admitted to surgery departments for whom colectomy was indicated and performed during the period of our study. Our study involved. Results: During our study, we identified 27 cases, the male sex was the most common, i.e. 77.78% of cases. The average age was 50.74 years with the extreme 18 to 78 years, the fashion was 66 years and a standard deviation of 14.54. The 45-59 age group was in the majority with 14 cases or 51.85%. Abdominal pain was the most common functional sign at 51.85%. In our study, 15 patients had performed a tumor assessment, i.e. 55.56% of cases. Localization on the sigmoid colon at colonoscopy was the most frequent, i.e. 11.11%. In the preoperative period, sigmoid tumor and sigmoid colon volvulus are the most suspected diagnoses, i.e. 18.52% of cases for each. A large proportion of our patients were classified ASA 1, i.e. 74.07% of cases. The majority of patients had benefited from a laparotomy, i.e. 70.4% of cases. Right hemicolectomy is the most performed colectomy, i.e. 40.74% followed by sigmoidectomy with 29.63% of cases. Infection of the surgical site was the most common complication, accounting for 14.81% of cases. The surgical procedure was simple in 62.98% of cases. We recorded a perioperative death, i.e. 3.70% of cases. Conclusion: Colectomy is an integral part of the therapeutic management of colic conditions, there are several types of colectomies whose achievements depend on the location of the tumor and its progressive stage
Theoretical Framework for the Green Recovery Model for Forest and Farm Producer Organizations in Vietnam PostNatural Disasters: Towards Sustainable Development and Resilience Enhancement
Get PDFGreen recovery is not only an immediate response to natural disasters but also a crucial strategy for strengthening the resilience of rural ecosystems and communities in the face of increasing climate change. This study proposes a theoretical framework for a green recovery model, particularly suited to forestry and agricultural organizations affected by natural disasters, with a specific focus on the case of Typhoon Yagi in Vietnam.
The analysis is based on a systematic review of the methodological literature outlined by Jesson et al. (2011), incorporating more than 40 peer-reviewed academic publications from databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Elsevier, and Emerald. The selection process follows strict criteria to ensure data relevance and accuracy. The studies analyzed, including those by OECD (2020), UNEP (2020), Barbier (2020), and Phillips & Heilmann (2021), provide valuable insights into green recovery policies, sustainable resource management strategies, and international best practices.
The results indicate that an effective green recovery model for forestry and agricultural organizations must be built upon five fundamental pillars: (1) sustainable management of natural resources, (2) sustainability-oriented economic and financial policies, (3) technological innovation and the transition to renewable energy, (4) active community involvement and the strengthening of Forest and Farm Producer Organizations (FFPOs), and (5) circular economy development to minimize environmental impacts. Implementing such a model would not only accelerate disaster recovery but also facilitate the transition to a more resilient, low-carbon economy.
From a practical perspective, the study offers recommendations for public institutions and international organizations to integrate green recovery into long-term development strategies. In particular, it emphasizes the need to invest in green infrastructure, promote the adoption of sustainable technologies, and implement eco-certification programs to enhance the global competitiveness of FFPOs.
In conclusion, green recovery is not only a means of mitigating the impact of natural disasters but also a strategic tool for fostering sustainable and inclusive development. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of different green recovery strategies within specific socio-economic contexts and to refine policies that support FFPOs
Pauvreté des ménages et recours thérapeutiques en cas d’Infections Respiratoires chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans en Côte d’Ivoire
Get PDFLa santé des populations, singulièrement celle des enfants de moins de cinq ans, a fait l’objet de plusieurs recherches et constitue l’une des préoccupations majeures des gouvernements ces dernières années. En dépit des efforts déployés pour améliorer la santé des populations, les difficultés d’accès aux soins y sont réelles, et les coûts directs qu’implique le recours aux soins sont une des barrières les plus importantes. Les barrières financières continuent d’influencer le recours aux soins de santé des populations à revenu faible ou moyen. Notre question de recherche est la suivante : Comment la pauvreté influence-t-elle les recours thérapeutiques en cas d’infections respiratoires chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans en Côte d’Ivoire? Cette étude, basée sur les données de l’enquête MICS5-2016 se propose de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de l’influence de la pauvreté sur les recours thérapeutiques en cas d’infections respiratoires (IR) chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans en Côte d’Ivoire. Pour y arriver, nous avons fait recours à la méthode à l’analyse factorielle des correspondances multiples (AFCM). De cette analyse, il ressort que dans l’ensemble le niveau de vie des ménages est significativement associé au seuil de 1% aux types de recours en cas d’IR à l’intention des enfants de moins de cinq ans. La relation entre la variable dépendante et la variable indépendante principale est encore significative au seuil de 1% sous le contrôle des autres variables explicatives sauf pour les variables situation matrimoniale (modalité « Jamais mariés »), parité de la mère/gardienne (modalité « 2-4 enfants ») et la variable niveau d’instruction de la mère/gardienne (modalité « secondaire ou plus »). S’agissant de l’analyse explicative, nous avons fait recours à une régression logistique multinomiale pour mettre en évidence les effets du niveau de vie sur les recours aux soins en cas d’IR à l’intention des enfants de moins de cinq ans en Côte d’Ivoire. Il ressort des analyses que le niveau de vie influence au seuil de signification statistique de 1%, les recours thérapeutiques en cas d’infections respiratoires chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans en Côte d’Ivoire. Il en est de même pour le choix de l’automédication plutôt que le secteur public. Les résultats suggèrent un effort de réduction des obstacles financiers grâce à des mesures telles que la réduction voire l’exemption pour les soins respiratoires pour les tout-petits (moins de de cinq ans). Aussi, une sensibilisation et une éducation sur les soins de santé infantile, y compris la reconnaissance des signes de maladie grave d’infections respiratoires, sont nécessaires pour encourager les familles à rechercher des soins appropriés pour leurs enfants.
The health of populations, particularly that of children under the age of five, has been the subject of much research and has been one of the major concerns of governments in recent years. Despite the efforts made to improve people's health, there are real difficulties in accessing care, and the direct costs involved in seeking care are one of the biggest barriers. Financial barriers continue to influence the use of healthcare by low- and middle-income populations. Our research question is as follows: How does poverty influence the use of treatment for respiratory infections in children under five in Côte d'Ivoire? This study, based on data from the MICS5-2016 survey, aims to contribute to a better understanding of the influence of poverty on the use of treatment for respiratory infections (RIs) in children under five in Côte d'Ivoire. To achieve this, we carried out a descriptive analysis (bi-variate and multivariate) using the Chi2 test and the AFCM. This analysis showed that, overall, household standard of living was significantly associated at the 1% threshold with the types of recourse in the event of RI for children under five. The relationship between the dependent variable and the main independent variable is still significant at the 1% threshold when the other explanatory variables are controlled for, except for the variables marital status (modality 'never married'), mother's level of education (secondary or higher), parity of mother/caregiver (modality '2-4 children') and the variable mother/caregiver's level of education (modality 'secondary or higher'). Regarding the explanatory analysis, we have used multinomial logistic regression to highlight the effects of poverty on the use of RI care for children under five in Côte d'Ivoire. The analyses show that, at the 1% threshold, poverty influences the use of treatment for respiratory infections in children under five in Côte d'Ivoire. The same is true for the choice of self-medication rather than the public sector. The results suggest that efforts should be made to reduce financial barriers through measures such as universal health coverage and the promotion of health education. Also, awareness-raising and education on child healthcare, including recognition of the signs of serious illness and respiratory infections, are needed to encourage families to seek appropriate care for their children
Power in International Relations: Insights from Realist and Liberal Theories
Get PDFThe concept or factor of power has been given great importance in the social sciences in general and in the fields of political science and international relations in particular. However, the concept of power is a vague and controversial concept and has been defined in various ways, despite being mixed with other concepts and terms such as authority, purpose, ability, oppression, influence and other concepts close to the meaning of power. Due to its significance, the concept of power has been explored through numerous studies and theories since ancient times. Above all, both realism and liberalism have interpreted the concept of power and its importance in the international arena. Realism and its thinkers emphasize military strength and strategic alliances for the survival and hegemony of the state, while liberalism and its thinkers emphasize economic dependence, institutional cooperation and adherence to international norms and values in order to achieve state security and influence. Based on the perspectives of the two major schools of international relations and political science, this study aims to interpret the concept and types of power in international relations. Simultaneously, it compares the perspectives of both schools and their thinkers and theorists on the concept of power and its significance in international politics
Liens ethniques transfrontaliers et activités illicites : une étude de leur interrelation aux frontières Nord et Sud Cameroun
Get PDFVéritables espaces d’interactions et de transactions protéiformes, les frontières Nord et Sud Cameroun sont caractérisées par une forte mobilité de personnes et de biens. Ils sont à cet effet, le carrefour d’activités licites et illicites. La présente réflexion examine les activités illicites qui y prévalent à l’épreuve des continuités ethniques transfrontalières qui les structurent. Elle repose sur la conjecture principale que, ces liens ethniques transfrontaliers jouent un rôle significatif dans la fluidification d’activités illicites qui s’y opèrent. A partir d’un dispositif théorico-méthodologique articulé autour du transnationalisme comme grille théorique, des entretiens et observations ont également été menés au sein de certaines localités frontalières des régions Nord et Sud du Cameroun. De celles-ci, il en ressort que, la configuration socio ethnique qui caractérise ces espaces respectifs gouverne la diversité d’activités qui y prennent corps. En effet, la triple territorialité des peuples Ekang dans le Sud (Cameroun-Gabon-Guinée Equatoriale) et Mboum dans la région du Nord (Cameroun-Tchad-RCA) s’est révélée pertinente à propos. A la suite, il se dégage que, les activités illicites protéiformes qui y prennent corps reposent sur des acteurs aux procédés variés. Bien qu’il soit difficile de tenir ces populations frontalières pleinement responsables des activités illégales qui se déroulent dans ces zones, car celles-ci impliquent de nombreux acteurs diversifiés, leur rôle reste significatif. Par conséquent, un dispositif sécuritaire hybride basé sur une coopération transnationale franche entre les Etats impliqués et les autorités traditionnelles frontalières contribuerait à atténuer ce phénomène aux marges des frontières Nord et Sud du Cameroun.
True spaces of protean interactions and transactions, the North and South Cameroon borders are characterized by high mobility of people and goods. To this end, they are at the crossroads of licit and illicit activities. This reflection examines the illicit activities that prevail there in light of the cross-border ethnic continuities that structure them. It is based on the main conjecture that these cross-border ethnic ties play a significant role in the fluidification of illicit activities that take place there. Based on a theoretical-methodological device articulated around transnationalism as a theoretical framework, interviews and observations were also conducted in certain border localities of the North and South regions of Cameroon. From these, it emerges that the socio-ethnic configuration that characterizes these respective spaces governs the diversity of activities that take shape there. Indeed, the triple territoriality of the Ekang peoples in the South (Cameroon-Gabon-Equatorial Guinea) and Mboum in the North region (Cameroon-Chad-CAR) proved to be relevant. Subsequently, it emerges that the protean illicit activities that take shape there are based on actors with various processes. Although it is difficult to hold these border populations fully accountable for the illegal activities taking place in these areas, as these involve many diverse actors, their role remains significant. Consequently, a hybrid security arrangement based on frank transnational cooperation between the States involved and the traditional border authorities would help mitigate this phenomenon on the margins of Cameroon's northern and southern borders
Awareness of Climate Change and Climate Change Adaptation Strategies Among Secondary School Students in Ogbaru Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study investigated the awareness of climate change and climate change adaptation strategies among secondary school students in Ogbaru Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. Two research questions guided the study, and two null hypotheses were formulated for the study and tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study consisted of 8,564 JSS and SS students (4,720 JSS and 3,844 SS) from the 9 public secondary schools in the area. The sample size consisted of 170 students (94 JSS and 76 SS students) from the four schools sampled for the study using a simple random sampling technique (balloting). Data was collected using the 40-item climate change awareness and adaptation strategies questionnaire (CCASSQ) developed by the researchers and validated by experts. An estimate of the stability of the instrument yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.88 using Cronbach’s Alpha statistic. Mean and Standard Deviation were used as descriptive statistics to answer the research questions while independent samples t-test was adopted as inferential statistic. The findings revealed high level of awareness of climate change by the JSS and SS students. It also indicated high level of awareness of climate change adaptation strategies by JSS and SS students in Ogbaru LGA of Anambra State. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the government should start working on the schools by providing infrastructural facilities like wind vans and rain gauges that could enable the teachers to meet the demands of this era of climate change
La modélisation dans l’approche par investigation : Quel impact sur l'acquisition des concepts scientifiques au primaire?
Get PDFDans cette recherche nous cherchons à évaluer l’impact de la modélisation dans l’approche par investigation sur l’acquisition des concepts scientifiques liées aux sciences naturelles par les apprenants du primaire. À travers une démarche de recherche-action menée au sein d’un établissement privé de Marrakech, impliquant deux groupes de 6ᵉ année primaire, comprenant chacun 18 élèves âgés de 10 à 11 ans. La collecte des données s'est déroulée en plusieurs phases ; dans un premier temps, des séances d'observation ont été réalisées au sein des deux classes au total de 18 séances. Ensuite un pré-test sous forme d’une évaluation diagnostique écrite a été administré aux apprenants, après un post-test sous forme d’une évaluation sommative écrite a été effectué pour comparer les progrès réalisés dans chaque groupe et évaluer l’impact de la modélisation numérique sur la compréhension des concepts scientifiques. L’analyse des résultats du pré-test et du post-test met en évidence l’impact des interventions pédagogiques sur la compréhension des concepts liés à la reproduction humaine. Initialement, les deux groupes (témoin et expérimental) présentaient des niveaux de connaissances comparables. Toutefois, le post-test révèle une amélioration significative chez le groupe expérimental. L'utilisation de la modélisation numérique semble avoir favorisé une structuration plus hiérarchisée des connaissances. Les résultats suggèrent que des stratégies pédagogiques actives et interactives, telles que l’apprentissage collaboratif et la modélisation numérique, favorisent une compréhension plus approfondie des phénomènes biologiques complexes.
The aim of this research is to assess the impact of modeling in the inquiry-based approach on the acquisition of scientific concepts related to natural sciences by primary school learners. This study follows an action-based research approach conducted at a private school in Marrakech, involving two 6th-grade groups, each comprising 18 learners aged between 10 and 11 years old. Data collection was conducted over several phases; a total of 18 observation sessions were initially held in both classes. Afterward, the learners took a diagnostic evaluation as a pre-test, followed by a summative assessment as a post-test to compare the progress each group made and to assess the impact of digital modeling on the understanding of scientific concepts. The analysis of the pre-test and post-test results highlights the impact of pedagogical interventions on the understanding of concepts related to human reproduction. Initially, both groups (control and experimental) showed comparable levels of knowledge. However, the experimental group’s post-test results show a significant improvement. The use of digital modeling seems to facilitate a more hierarchical structure of knowledge. The results suggest that active and interactive pedagogical strategies, such as collaborative learning and digital modeling, support an in-depth understanding of complex biological phenomena
Integrating Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Writing Proficiency: An Exploratory Study of EFL Students’ and Instructors’ Perspectives at a University Level in Lebanon
Get PDFThis paper focuses on scrutinizing the attitudes and opinions of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners and instructors on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in a writing skills course at a university level in Lebanon. Specifically, it examines AI as a pedagogical tool that provides personalized learning, supplies consistency in evaluation, furnishes enhanced feedback quality by offering detailed, instant feedback on grammar, style, and structure, and helping students refine their writing more efficiently. Moreover, it furnishes instructors with adaptive activities and assessments, thus making writing more engaging and more effective. It also seeks to evaluate students’ and instructors’ perspectives on AI’s vigorous role in learning. In this exploratory study, a mixed-method design and a convenient sampling of participants were utilized. A total of 51 EFL students and 8 instructors at the American University of Science and Technology in Lebanon during the spring semester of 2023-2024 participated in the study. To describe and quantify their perceptions of integrating AI in a writing course, two online surveys, including closed-ended and open-ended questions, and four focus group discussions were administered. The overall qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data indicated that Lebanese EFL students and instructors have positive attitudes towards integrating AI in a writing course as a pedagogical tool and as a fundamental part of the teaching strategies in EFL higher education classes since it provides helpful resources and aids learners to write effectively and build their self-confidence. However, the findings also revealed the need to train instructors and students to use AI technologies, keeping in mind the indispensable role of the instructor in class and the need for students to unleash their creativity
Etat des connaissances paysannes des accessions et de la culture du soja [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] au Niger
Get PDFLa culture du soja est recensement introduite au Niger. Les principaux corridors de transite des graines de soja sont les frontières sud et sud-ouest du pays (Nigéria, Bénin, Burkina Faso). Le soja est cultivé sur de superficies relativement petites par les producteurs et fait partie des cultures de diversification. Les objectifs du présent travail sont : un inventaire des accessions disponibles suivi d’un état de lieu des connaissances paysannes de la culture du soja au Niger. Un dénombrement suivi de prospection et enquête ont été effectuées dans le sud du Niger en vue de collecter les accessions et les informations sur les pratiques de production de soja. Une analyse factorielle des correspondances (AFC) entre les niveaux d’instruction des exploitants enquêtés et les sources de provenances de semences cultivées a montré un lien entre le niveau d’instruction des exploitants et les sources d’approvisionnement en semences. La prospection et collecte ont permis de déceler et localiser 37 accessions de soja auprès des producteurs. L’analyse de variabilité phénotypique par le tri de la collection effectué sur la base des caractères couleur dominante du tégument et couleur dominante du hile a permis de regrouper les accessions en 4 morphotypes différents. Le nom local le plus utilisé pour le soja est ‘’Waken Awara’’. La superficie moyenne emblavée par producteur est de 0,75 ha. Les semences de soja utilisées par les producteurs proviennent essentiellement de source informelle d’approvisionnement : achat au marché. Une analyse de corrélations a ressorti une corrélation positive entre l’accroissement de superficie emblavée avec du soja et l’accumulation d’expérience dans la production du soja et entre cette expérience et la marge brute obtenue par ha cultivé du soja.
Soybean crop has been introduced in Niger. The main transit corridors for soybeans are the southern and southwestern borders of the country (Nigeria, Benin, Burkina Faso). Soybeans are grown in relatively small areas by farmers and are considered a diversification crop. The aims of this study are: an inventory of available accessions followed by an assessment of farmers' knowledge of soybean crops in Niger. A census followed by a survey and a survey was conducted in southern Niger to collect accessions and information on soybean production practices. A correspondence factor analysis (CFA) between the educational levels of the farmers surveyed and the sources of cultivated seeds showed a link between farmers' educational levels and seed supply sources. The survey and collection made it possible to identify and locate 37 soybean accessions among farmers. Phenotypic variability analysis by sorting the collection based on the dominant color of the seed coat and the dominant color of the hilum allowed accessions to be grouped into 4 different morphotypes. The most used local name for soybean is "Waken Awara". The average area sown per producer is 0.75 ha. The soybean seeds used by producers come mainly from informal sources of supply: market purchase. A correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between the increase in area sown with soybean and the accumulation of experience in soybean production and between this experience and the gross margin obtained per ha of soybean cultivation
A Systematic Review of Green Recovery Model for Forest and Farm Producer Organizations in Vietnam Post-Natural Disasters
Get PDF“Green Recovery” is mentioned as a scientific way to revive the economy, solve challenges in health, climate change, biodiversity conservation, and increase the economy's resilience to other crises that may occur in the future. This paper develops a theoretical framework for green recovery specifically tailored to forest and farm producer organizations (FFPOs) in Vietnam, which are often severely affected by natural disasters, with a specific focus on the case of Typhoon Yagi in Vietnam. Drawing on a systematic review of over 40 peer-reviewed academic studies, the research identifies five foundational pillars of an effective green recovery model: (1) sustainable resource management, (2) green policy integration, (3) technological innovation, (4) community engagement, and (5) circular economy development to minimize environmental impacts. Implementing such a model would not only accelerate post-disaster recovery but also facilitate the transition to a low-carbon, more resilient economy. The paper also provides recommendations for public institutions and international organizations to integrate green recovery into long-term development strategies. In particular, it emphasizes the need to invest in green infrastructure, promote the adoption of sustainable technologies and implement eco-certification programs to enhance the global competitiveness of FFPOs. In conclusion, green recovery is not only a means of mitigating the impact of natural disasters but also a strategic tool for fostering sustainable and inclusive development. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of different green recovery strategies within specific socio-economic contexts and to refine policies that support FFPOs