European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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Arte Sonoro y Metaverso
Get PDFEste trabajo tiene como objetivo principal indagar críticamente en las potencialidades del arte sonoro en entornos como el metaverso, desde una perspectiva que explora las nuevas configuraciones de la esfera pública digital y su relación con el sonido. A través de una metodología de escritura ensayística no lineal, relacional y performativa, el texto propone una reflexión situada que entrelaza teoría crítica, estética, política y prácticas artísticas contemporáneas. El metaverso es abordado como un espacio emergente, rizomático y no neutral, donde el arte sonoro puede devenir en práctica crítica, expandida y multisensorial. El ensayo propone que el sonido en el metaverso no solo ambienta, sino que reconfigura la percepción, el espacio y la subjetividad, siendo un agente ontológico capaz de subvertir lógicas hegemónicas. Una posible lectura como interrogante a futuro podría ser la relectura del arte sonoro como forma de net sound art en una nueva línea de práctica que articula espacios virtuales, interacción en red y producción sonora y funciona como dispositivo político y estético. En conclusión, se sugiere que el arte sonoro, al operar en el metaverso, no solo amplía el campo de acción de la práctica artística contemporánea, sino que ofrece herramientas para repensar la esfera pública digital desde la escucha, la resistencia y la colectividad.
This work aims to critically explore the potentialities of sound art within environments such as the metaverse, adopting a perspective that investigates the new configurations of the digital public sphere and its entanglement with sound. Through a non-linear, relational, and performative essayistic methodology, the text offers a situated reflection that weaves together critical theory, aesthetics, politics, and contemporary artistic practices. The metaverse is approached as an emergent, rhizomatic, and non-neutral space, where sound art may unfold as a critical, expanded, and multisensory practice. The essay argues that sound within the metaverse does not merely serve an ambient function but actively reshapes perception, space, and subjectivity, operating as an ontological agent capable of subverting hegemonic logics. One potential line of inquiry for future exploration is the redefinition of sound art as net sound art: a practice that integrates virtual spaces, networked interaction, and sonic production, functioning simultaneously as a political and aesthetic dispositif. In conclusion, the essay suggests that sound art, when enacted within the metaverse, not only expands the scope of contemporary artistic practice but also offers conceptual and experiential tools to rethink the digital public sphere through listening, resistance, and collective experience
Sacré et culture politique dans le Maroc précolonial Le cas de Moulay Hassan
Get PDFCette étude examine les mécanismes de légitimation de la monarchie marocaine vers la fin du XIX siècle, à travers le cas de Moulay Hassan. L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre comment la sacralité royale, fondée sur la baraka et l’appartenance à la famille du prophète, structure la culture politique de la cour et renforce l’autorité du sultan. La méthodologie repose sur une approche anthropologique et inductive, examinant des sources proches de la cour (Ibn Zidane, Kettani, Harris… etc.), en les analysant à travers une grille inspirée de la description des de Geertz. Le principe de proximité méthodologique guide le choix des documents. Les résultats montrent que la sacralité du souverain se manifeste à travers les rituels politiques (bay’a, cérémonies religieuses, harka, Mehalla… etc.), les apparitions publiques, les gestes codifiés du quotidien et l’organisation symbolique de la Mehalla. Le pouvoir combine prestige spirituel et monopole de la force physique, inscrivant la domination dans une logique rituelle. Ce travail propose ainsi une relecture du pouvoir sacré dans le monde arabe, et invite à repenser les notions de « sacré », et de « sécularisation ».
This study investigates the mechanisms of legitimization within the Moroccan monarchy at the end of the 19th century, focusing specifically on the reign of Sultan Moulay Hassan. It aims to understand how royal sacredness - rooted in baraka and prophetic lineage - shaped the political culture of the royal court and reinforced sovereign authority. The research adopts an anthropological and inductive methodology, drawing on primary sources authored by individuals closely connected to the court (such as Ibn Zidane, Kettani, and Harris). These sources are interpreted through an analytical framework inspired by Clifford Geertz, with methodological proximity guiding the selection and reading of materials. The findings reveal that the sacrality of the sultan was expressed through a range of political rituals - including the bayʿa (oath of allegiance), religious ceremonies, symbolic daily gestures, and the spatial organization of the mobile court (Mehalla). Royal power functioned as a fusion of spiritual charisma and military authority, constituting a unique mode of political legitimacy. This research offers a fresh interpretation of sacral power in the North African context and contributes to broader debates on sacrality and secularization in precolonial Islamic monarchies
Incidence de la santé psychologique sur la culture de sécurité au travail Etude menée à MMG/Kinsevere/RDC
Get PDFCette étude examine la relation entre la santé psychologique et la sécurité au travail chez les employés de l’entreprise Mining Mineral General/Kinsevere en République démocratique du Congo(2022–2024). Elle se base sur des données recueillies sur 55 employés des ateliers de MMG/Kinsevere par l’entremise de la méthode d'enquête psychosociale et de technique du questionnaire. Les données ont été analysées grâce au test du chi carré pour déterminer l'indépendance. Les résultats de cette recherche suggèrent que, l’estime de soi ou la valorisation de soi, l’épanouissement, l’équilibre de vie de niveau de stress sont les facteurs de la santé psychologique les plus importants qui corrèlent avec les règles de la sécurité au travail. Ces résultats s’expliquent par le fait que l’entreprise a fait de la sécurité au travail une priorité zéro, en soulignant « qu’une aucune tâche n’est si importante plus que la sécurité au travail, d’où il faut toujours réfléchir avant d’agir », à cela s’ajoutent l’égalité raciale, le respect de la dignité humaines et la liberté de la parole au travail.
This study examines the relationship between psychological health and occupational safety among employees of the Mining Mineral General/Kinsevere company in the Democratic Republic of Congo (2022–2024). It is based on data collected from 55 employees of MMG/Kinsevere workshops using the psychosocial survey method and questionnaire technique. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test to determine independence. The results of this research suggest that self-esteem or self-worth, fulfillment, life balance and stress level are the most important psychological health factors that correlate with occupational safety rules. These results are explained by the fact that the company has made workplace safety a zero priority, emphasizing that "no task is more important than workplace safety, hence one must always think before acting", in addition to racial equality, respect for human dignity and freedom of speech at work
Anomaly Detection in a Portal System Network: A Review of Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions
Get PDFPortal system networks are vital for education, governance, and corporate operations, but face growing risks from evolving cyber threats. This study proposes a hybrid anomaly detection framework that combines the Enhanced Modified Lion Optimization Algorithm (EMLOA) with One-Class Support Vector Machines (OCSVM) to enhance threat detection in such environments. Unlike traditional rule-based or statistical methods, which lack adaptability, or conventional machine learning techniques that demand extensive labeled data and computational power, the EMLOA-OCSVM model achieves high accuracy (99.9%), low training latency (3.05 seconds), and scalability in dynamic settings. The framework employs a sigmoid function-based strategy to dynamically optimize hyperparameters (γ and ν), enhancing convergence speed and detection performance. Evaluations using the UNSW-NB15 dataset (reflecting modern attack patterns) and real-world logs from Lagos State University of Education (LASUED) demonstrate the model’s practical relevance. Key innovations include dynamic threshold tuning and improved interpretability, reducing false positives without sacrificing efficiency. Robust performance is confirmed through accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC metrics. Future research should prioritize lightweight, explainable hybrid models capable of countering advanced threats while maintaining system performance
Impact of Metaverse Technologies Integration on Biotechnological Innovation: A Literature Review
Get PDFThe convergence of metaverse technologies (such as virtual reality, augmented reality, artificial intelligence, and digital twins) into biotechnology is ushering in a new age for the creation of pharmaceuticals, medical science research, and teaching. The interactive and immersive environments enable collaboration without geographical limitations through virtual labs, improve the articulation of complex biological processes, and accelerate experiments using enhanced models powered by artificial intelligence. High-visibility use cases comprise virtual clinical trials founded on digital twin models that simulate individual patient profiles. The application of AI in drug discovery medicine, with its expedited time-to-market and 3D learning environments, enhances the knowledge and procedural precision of biotech professionals. This systematic review focuses on the transformative role of the metaverse in biotechnology, analysing its capacity to enable global collaboration, advanced simulations, and immersive education. By synthesising peer-reviewed literature (2019-2025), we highlight key advancements, such as AI-driven drug discovery and virtual laboratories, while addressing critical challenges, including data privacy, ethical concerns, and computational requirements. In this review, we aim to highlight the metaverse’s potential to transform biotechnological research and emphasise the need for interdisciplinary solutions to harness its benefits. This study employs a qualitative methodological approach, comprising an extensive literature review coupled with a case study analysis, to reflect on the participation of metaverse technologies within the biotechnology sector. Drawing on an analysis of trends in cloud collaboration, digital simulation, immersive learning, and ethical issues, the research provides a critical analysis of the challenges and problems posed by the digital revolution. Key areas discussed in immense detail include data privacy, algorithm bias, computational infrastructure, and regulatory uncertainty. Our findings emphasise the need for interdisciplinary research and the provision of comprehensive ethical and technical guidelines to enable the secure and equitable use of metaverse technologies in biotechnology. This study will primarily contribute to the growing corpus of scholarly literature by providing a concise and logical synthesis of existing knowledge, identifying key areas for future research and development
Évolution de la pauvreté et des inégalités en Guinée de 2007 à 2019
Get PDFLe présent article examine l’évolution de la pauvreté en Guinée entre 2007 et 2019, une période marquée par une croissance économique faible de 2007 à 2012, suivie d'une forte expansion à partir de 2016, principalement grâce à l'essor du secteur minier et à l'augmentation de la production énergétique. Le produit intérieur brut (PIB) du pays a ainsi connu une progression notable, passant de 6 280 millions de francs guinéens en 2007 à 13 514 millions de francs guinéens en 2019, soit une augmentation de plus du double en l’espace de cette période. L’étude est faite à partir des données des trois enquêtes nationales sur les conditions de vie des ménages, réalisées en Guinée en 2007, 2012 et 2019. La taille des échantillons de ces enquêtes varie de 7 552 ménages à l’ELEP 2007, 7 501 à l’ELEP 2012 et 8 240 à l’EHCVM 2019. Pour analyser l’évolution de la pauvreté, les indicateurs de Foster, Greer et Thorbecke (incidence, profondeur et sévérité) ont été utilisés en comparant les intervalles de confiance, les courbes de Lorenz et ainsi que les indices de Gini aux différentes enquêtes. Les résultats de l’analyse révèlent une stabilité de la pauvreté en milieu urbain et une aggravation en milieu rural. En effet, entre 2007 et 2019, la proportion de personnes vivant dans la pauvreté est passée de 53% à 58%, avec des tendances similaires tant en milieux urbain que rural. En milieu urbain, environ un tiers des ménages sont pauvres, tandis qu'en milieu rural, plus des deux tiers des ménages sont touchés. Toutefois, les intervalles de confiance se chevauchant, cette augmentation ne peut être considérée comme significative. La profondeur de la pauvreté, mesurée par l'écart des dépenses des pauvres par rapport au seuil de pauvreté a légèrement progressé entre 2012 et 2019, mais cette amélioration demeure insuffisante pour être jugée significative. L’indice de Gini qui évalue les inégalités de revenus, a diminué de manière marginale, passant de 0,31 en 2007 à 0,27 en 2019. Cette baisse a été plus marquée en milieu rural (de 0,29 en 2007 à 0,25 en 2019), tandis qu'en milieu urbain, l’indice de Gini est resté stable. L’analyse des inégalités de revenu révèle une inégalité globale modérée (l’indice de Gini varie entre 0,27 et 0,31). Les résultats des trois enquêtes montrent de façon constante que les inégalités internes aux milieux de résidence (urbain/rural) expliquent plus de 90% des disparités totales, tandis que les inégalités entre ces milieux restent marginales (environ 7 à 9%). La répartition par quintiles de revenu met en évidence une forte concentration de la richesse au sommet de la distribution. Suivant le quintile de revenu, il apparait qu’environ les trois quarts (73%) de l’inégalité globale proviennent des différences entre les quintiles de revenu, ce qui montre que la majeure partie des inégalités est due à la structure de la distribution des revenus. Cette étude apporte une contribution à la compréhension de l'évolution de la pauvreté en Guinée, en mettant en évidence les tendances et les disparités urbaines-rurales. Elle souligne également l'importance d'une estimation précise du niveau de pauvreté et des facteurs qui y sont associés, afin de mettre en place des politiques efficaces pour lutter contre ce fléau.
This article examines the evolution of poverty in Guinea between 2007 and 2019, a period marked by weak economic growth from 2007 to 2012, followed by strong expansion beginning in 2016, primarily driven by the boom in the mining sector and increased energy production. The country’s gross domestic product (GDP) rose significantly, from 6,280 billion Guinean francs in 2007 to 13,514 billion in 2019, more than doubling over the period. The study is based on data from three national household living conditions surveys conducted in Guinea in 2007, 2012, and 2019. The sample sizes varied from 7,552 households in the 2007 ELEP, 7,501 in the 2012 ELEP, and 8,240 in the 2019 EHCVM. To analyze poverty trends, the Foster, Greer, and Thorbecke indicators (headcount ratio, poverty gap, and severity) were used, along with comparisons of confidence intervals, Lorenz curves, and Gini indices across the different surveys. The results reveal stability in urban poverty and worsening conditions in rural areas. Between 2007 and 2019, the proportion of people living in poverty rose from 53% to 58%, with similar trends observed in both urban and rural settings. In urban areas, about one-third of households are poor, while in rural areas, more than two-thirds are affected. However, due to overlapping confidence intervals, this increase is not statistically significant. The poverty gap, which measures the shortfall in poor people's expenditures relative to the poverty line, increased slightly between 2012 and 2019, but the change is not significant. The Gini index, which measures income inequality, decreased marginally from 0.31 in 2007 to 0.27 in 2019. This decline was more pronounced in rural areas (from 0.29 in 2007 to 0.25 in 2019), while the urban Gini index remained stable. Income inequality analysis reveals a moderate overall inequality (Gini index ranging between 0.27 and 0.31). The three surveys consistently show that intra-area inequalities (within urban/rural areas) account for more than 90% of total disparities, whereas inter-area inequalities (between urban and rural areas) remain marginal (around 7–9%). Income quintile distribution highlights a strong concentration of wealth at the top of the distribution. Analysis by income quintiles shows that about 73% of overall inequality stems from differences between income groups, indicating that most inequality results from the structure of income distribution. This study makes a valuable contribution to understanding the evolution of poverty in Guinea by highlighting urban-rural trends and disparities. It also underscores the importance of accurately estimating poverty levels and associated factors to design effective policies for combating poverty
Study of Indoor Air Quality in School Buildings in the Argolida Sector of the Peloponnese Region in Greece and Potential Health Risks
Get PDFAims and Scope: Indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools is crucial, as students spend significant time in school environments in addition to their homes. Epidemiological researches have shown that indoor pollutants are linked to various health and respiratory issues. This paper focuses on investigating the indoor air quality (IAQ) in school buildings in the Argolida sector of the Peloponnese Region in Greece. Methods: The study was conducted in fourteen (14) classrooms across seven (7) school buildings in the Argolida Sector of the Peloponnese Region from March 2022 to May 2023. Physical parameters such as temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH), as well as air pollutants including Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5) were monitored using the series 500 Portable Air Quality Monitor AeroQual. Measurements were taken for one teaching hour per day in each classroom. Due to governmental measures to protect public health from the spread of COVID-19, some windows and doors in the classrooms were opened during sampling. Findings: The mean temperature and relative humidity inside the classrooms were 22.12 oC and 50.87%, respectively. The overall mean concentrations of air pollutants recorded inside the schools were 691.35 ppm CO2, 0.001 ppm NO2, 9.97 ppm VOCs, 15.7μg/m3 PM10, and 11.4μg/m3 PM2.5. No indoor CO concentration (0 ppm) was detected in any of the classrooms. This study indicated the following: a) the indoor CO2 concentration levels in the schools (100%) were below 1000 ppm, b) in five out of the fourteen classrooms (35.7%) within the school buildings, CO2 concentration levels exceeded 700 ppm, and c) the indoor VOCs levels in the schools (100%) were above 0.8 ppm. Eight classrooms (57.1%) in Argolida’s school buildings had no comfort conditions due to high relative humidity (RH > 50%). Statistically significant differences were found for temperature (p= 0.001), CO2 (p < 0.001), NO2 (p=0.006), and VOCs (p=0.001) between indoor and ambient air. Conclusion: The air quality in school buildings in the Argolida sector was affected by the number of students in a classroom, the ventilation rate, and the school’s equipment. The proximity of schools to central roads and construction activities also affected the concentration of indoor air pollutants. Indoor air pollution (IAP) can pose potential health risks. Developing monitoring systems for measuring indoor pollutants in schools, as well as strategies for controlling and improving IAQ, is essential for public health
Managing Biological Risks in Biomedical laboratories of Public Hospitals in Athens, Greece, based on the Biosafety requirements
Get PDFObjectives: The aim of the present study was to review the laboratory workers’ perception on the biological risks in biomedical laboratories of public hospitals in Athens, Greece. It was also to evaluate how they are managing the biological materials and to propose mitigation measures according to the existing risks, based on the local legislation and the international Biosafety guidelines. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study with a detailed health and safety (H&S) questionnaire focused on biosafety and biorisk management. A total of 36 biosafety level-2 biomedical laboratories in 20 public hospitals were assessed for their biosafety containment specifics and compliance with biosafety practices. Laboratory staff (medical laboratory doctors, medical laboratory technologists, laboratory assistants, biologists and biochemists, n = 415) completed the questionnaire. Results and Discussion: The results showed, that a significant percentage of laboratories lacked proper management of the biological agents and biological materials in general, as could be seen in the following reduced percentage data: restricted access (48.9%), controlled and independent ventilation (36.6%), use of BSCs (31.8%), biorisk management system in place (31.6%), risk assessments (28.4%), biosafety manuals (21.4%), SOPs (35.9%), assigned biosafety officers (10.8%), occupational medical doctor (34.9%), emergencies plan (34.2%), accidents reporting (25.5%), and biosafety training programs (28.2%). Conclusion: There are marked deficiencies in containment and administrative controls, as well as in the implementation of the Greek and EU biosafety legislation. This emphasize the urgency of addressing critical gaps in biosafety and in emergency preparedness in Greek biomedical laboratories. Therefore, a Biorisk Management System, risk assessments, SOPs, assignment of Biosafety Officers, staff trainings and emergency response plans should be developed, applied and enforced, in compliance with the local and European legislation and guidelines
How do travel bloggers influence Generation Z‘s travel decisions? An exploratory study through five Italian famous travel bloggers
Get PDFThe increasing adoption of new communication channel such as social networks in Generation Z has created new job professional during the last decade: travel bloggers. The aim of this paper is to understand the influence of travel bloggers on Generation Z’s travel decisions. A mixed qualitative and quantitative survey design was employed for this study. Empirical data were drawn from 475 Generation Z’s travellers in Italy, using a purposive sampling technique. The results of this study reveal that travel bloggers for Generation Z’s travel decision making are lightly relevant. This study is amongst the first to empirically investigate the influence of travel bloggers on tourism decision making of Generation Z travellers in the realm of social and mobile business. The paper offers relevant theoretical and managerial implications. First, the paper enriches the travel decision-making Generation Z theory by providing evidence of factors leading to the higher sharing of influence amongst travellers. Second, the paper adds to the literature on Generation Z, demonstrating the individual determinants of influencers sharing videos and photos about products and services in online tourism communities. Thus, building upon the findings of this study, the authors provide some guidelines for travel blogger to promoting destination on social media pages