European Scientific Journal, ESJ
Not a member yet
14433 research outputs found
Sort by
The Mediating Role of Organizational Culture in the Relationship Between Corporate Sustainability and Financial Performance in the Iraqi Banking Sector
Get PDFThe study aimed examine how organizational culture mediate the effects of corporate sustainability on financial performance. The study population was managerial employees of Iraqi commercial banks. Data was gathered between March and May of 2025, a period of two months. 2,713 managers and department heads made up the entire population, as described in Chapter Three. A random sampling technique was used to guarantee representativeness. The minimum sample size needed for this population, was 337 respondents. 337 surveys were sent out in order to accomplish this. Following a thorough review, 328 questionnaires were deemed valid and added to the analysis; Table 4.1 displays the effective response rate, which was approximately 97.33%.
The study revealed that organizational culture serves as a partial mediator in the relationship between corporate sustainability and financial performance within Iraqi banks. This finding aligns with the broader literature emphasizing the role of internal organizational dynamics in shaping the effectiveness of sustainability initiatives. The study recommended expand beyond the banking sector to include other industries. Since this research focused solely on Iraqi commercial banks, it would be valuable to investigate whether the observed relationships between corporate sustainability, organizational culture, and financial performance also apply to sectors such as manufacturing, telecommunications, or healthcare
Impact à long terme de la consommation d’huile de palme et de beurre de karité sur les indices anthropométriques chez le rat Wistar
Get PDFL’huile de palme et le beurre de karité sont des huiles végétales riches en acides gras saturés, dont la consommation excessive peut altérer le métabolisme lipidique. Cette étude vise à évaluer les effets chroniques d’une alimentation enrichie en huile de palme brute (Hpb) et en beurre de karité (Bk), à des concentrations de 15 % et 30 %, sur les paramètres nutritionnels chez le rat Wistar pendant six mois. Quatre-vingts rats (mâles et femelles) ont été répartis en cinq groupes : un témoin nourri au régime standard, deux groupes Hpb (15 % et 30 %) et deux groupes Bk (15 % et 30 %). Les paramètres évalués incluent l’indice de consommation, l’indice de digestibilité, le gain pondéral, ainsi que les efficacités énergétique et protéique. Les régimes enrichis à 15 % ont été bien tolérés, avec un gain pondéral significatif (126,30 ± 10,61 g pour Hpb 15 % contre 103,10 ± 9,97 g pour le témoin). En revanche, les régimes à 30 % ont entraîné une réduction de la consommation alimentaire (31,28 ± 5,84 g pour Bk 30 %), une baisse du gain pondéral (52,63 ± 9,30 g) et une accumulation de tissu adipeux intra-abdominal (MRTA : 5,04 ± 0,54 % pour Hpb 30 %). Ces résultats indiquent que la concentration lipidique influence la digestibilité, l’efficacité nutritionnelle et la répartition des graisses. Une supplémentation modérée (15 %) en Hpb ou Bk apparaît favorable, tandis qu’une concentration élevée (30 %) compromet la tolérance métabolique et pourrait favoriser le développement de troubles nutritionnels. Ces données apportent des repères essentiels pour la formulation de régimes alimentaires plus sûrs et ouvrent des perspectives pour la recherche sur les effets différenciés des lipides saturés dans la prévention des maladies métaboliques.
Palm oil and shea butter are vegetable oils rich in saturated fatty acids, whose excessive consumption may disrupt lipid metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the chronic effects of diets enriched with crude palm oil (Hpb) and shea butter (Bk), at concentrations of 15% and 30%, on nutritional parameters in Wistar rats over a six-month period. Eighty rats (male and female) were divided into five groups: one control group fed a standard diet, two Hpb groups (15% and 30%), and two Bk groups (15% and 30%). The parameters assessed included food intake index, digestibility index, weight gain, and energy and protein efficiency. Diets enriched at 15% were well tolerated, with significant weight gain (126.30 ± 10.61 g for Hpb 15% vs. 103.10 ± 9.97 g for the control). In contrast, diets enriched at 30% led to reduced food intake (31.28 ± 5.84 g for Bk 30%), lower weight gain (52.63 ± 9.30 g), and increased intra-abdominal fat accumulation (MRTA: 5.04 ± 0.54% for Hpb 30%). These findings indicate that lipid concentration influences digestibility, nutritional efficiency, and fat distribution. Moderate supplementation (15%) with Hpb or Bk appears metabolically favorable, whereas higher concentrations (30%) impair nutritional tolerance and may promote the development of metabolic disorders. These results provide valuable insights for designing safer dietary formulations and open avenues for research on the differential effects of saturated fats in the prevention of metabolic diseases
Georgia's Path to Europe: A Corpus-Assisted Discourse Study of Presidential and Prime-Ministerial Speeches
Get PDF Social and political phenomena come into existence through a discursive dimension. The linguistic construction of reality is pervasive and plays a predetermining role in shaping social and political environment. The present study applies the framework of Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (CADS) to explore how Georgia’s two political figures – former President Salome Zourabichvili and former Prime Minister Irakli Garibashvili – discursively represent Georgia’s path toward European Union accession. The research examines 97 speeches (69 presidential/28 prime-ministerial) delivered between March 2022 and December 2023, totaling 64,321 and 29,559 tokens, respectively. Quantitative analyses were conducted using #LancsBox ® to identify keyword frequencies, collocates, and statistically significant differences, while Wmatrix5 ® was employed for semantic-domain and stance-related analysis. The findings reveal that both politicians tend to frame Georgia’s European trajectory through recurring metaphors of journey and family, yet their linguistic emphases diverge: Salome Zourabichvili’s discourse stresses European values, moral obligation, and collective unity, whereas the Prime Minister foregrounds national sovereignty, economic progress, and pragmatic governance. Despite differing communicative styles, both leaders converge in portraying EU integration as Georgia’s shared national destiny
Profil épidémiologique, diagnostique et thérapeutique des tumeurs osseuses malignes en rhumatologie au CHU-Kara
Get PDFObjectifs : Déterminer les particularités épidémiologique, sémiologique, thérapeutique et évolutive des tumeurs osseuses malignes en milieu rhumatologique au Nord-Togo.
Patients et méthode : Il s’est agi d’une étude rétrospective, transversale descriptive couvrant une période sept ans et portant sur les dossiers des patients vus pour une tumeur osseuse maligne dans le service de rhumatologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kara (CHU-Kara). Le diagnostic positif a été radio-clinique.
Résultat : soixante-deux patients des 4276 patients (1,45%) admis dans le service ont souffert d’une tumeur osseuse maligne. L’âge moyen des patients était de 60,6 ans. La tranche d’âge la plus touchée était celle comprise entre 60 et 70 ans (25 ; 40,3%). La durée moyenne d’évolution de ces affections était de 13 mois. Le rachis était majoritairement atteint et on notait neuf cas (14,5%) de compression médullaire. Les lésions lytiques prédominaient à l’imagerie (50%). Les métastases osseuses représentaient 45,2% de l’ensemble des tumeurs. Elles étaient d’origine prostatique (14 ; 22,5%), hépatique (6 ; 9,6%) et gynécologique (6 ; 9,6%). Le myélome (7 ; 11,3%) constituait l’essentiel des tumeurs osseuses malignes primitives. Près de la moitié des tumeurs osseuses malignes étaient d’étiologie non déterminée (26 ; 41,9%). Le traitement était essentiellement médical chez tous les patients. Il y avait 11 décès au cours de l’hospitalisation (17,7%) et 21 perdus de vue (34%).
Conclusion : les tumeurs osseuses malignes restent peu connues au Togo. Elles sont souvent vues au stade de complication, imposant la nécessité d’un diagnostic précoce pour une meilleure prise en charge.
Objectives: To determine the epidemiological, semiological, therapeutic and evolutionary particularities of malignant bone tumors in the rheumatology department in North-Togo.
Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study covering a period of seven years and involving the records of patients seen for a malignant bone tumor in the rheumatology department of the Kara University Hospital (Kara University Hospital). The positive diagnosis was radio-clinical.
Results: Sixty-two patients of the 4,276 patients (1.45%) admitted to the department suffered from a malignant bone tumor. The average age of the patients was 60.6 years. The most affected age group was between 60 and 70 years (25; 40.3%). The average duration of progression of these conditions was 13 months. The spine was mostly affected and nine cases (14.5%) of spinal cord compression were noted. Lytic lesions predominated on imaging (50%). Bone metastases represented 45.2% of all tumors. They were of prostatic (14; 22.5%), hepatic (6; 9.6%) and gynecological (6; 9.6%) origin. Myeloma (7; 11.3%) constituted the majority of primary malignant bone tumors. Nearly half of the malignant bone tumors were of undetermined etiology (26; 41.9%). Treatment was primarily medical in all patients. There were 11 deaths during hospitalization (17.7%) and 21 were lost to follow-up (34%).
Conclusion: Malignant bone tumors remain poorly understood in Togo. They are often seen at the complicated stage, necessitating early diagnosis for better managemen
Evaluation of Sanitation Risk of Toxic Waste Contaminated Soils
Get PDFThis work aim to understand the sanitation risk of toxic waste on tropical contaminated soils. The Ivorian Antipollution Center discovered 540 m3 of the toxic waste from Probo Koala boat in 21 August, 2006. These toxic waste have been seen in 13 zones of the Abidjan district : Akouédo, Abobo, Abobo Alépé road (DJIBI village), civile prison road (MACA), industrial zone of Koumassi, Port-Bouët - Vridi CAP Logistic (Rue Saint-Sylvestre)… This situation caused a socio-political crisis and generated the death of many people. In the aim to know the environmental impact and health risk assessment of toxics waste, of these contaminated soils in Abidjan district (Ivory Coast) the samples of these toxic waste have been sent to analyses in France. This analyse show that the principal compound of thes toxic waste are Polycyclics Aromatics Hydrocarbons (PAH), Volatile Aromatics Compound (VAC), Mercaptans and sulfurs molecules, Heavy metal, sulfur, Aliphatic Hydrocarbons, Linear hydrocarbons and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH). As these compounds present carcinogenic, toxic, and mutagenic properties, some of them were classified as priority pollutants by the US-EPA (Keith and Telliard 1979). In environment, the toxic waste cause the contamination of sols, water, air around the world (US-EPA, 1999). In this work, we want to present to you the risk of toxics waste on the health of people and the environment in the district of Abidjan
Aspects cliniques et thérapeutiques du strabisme divergent intermittent de l'enfant à Abidjan
Get PDFIntroduction : Le strabisme divergent intermittent (SDI) est une entité clinique fréquente en ophtalmologie pédiatrique, associée à des altérations fonctionnelles et esthétiques significatives. Cette étude vise à décrire les caractéristiques cliniques et thérapeutiques du SDI chez l'enfant. Méthode : Une analyse rétrospective a été menée sur une population pédiatrique d’Afrique subsaharienne ayant un SDI en évaluant les données sociodémographiques, les caractéristiques du strabisme, les amétropies associées, la stratégie de prise en charge. Résultat : La prévalence hospitalière du strabisme de l’enfant était de 9,75% dont 57,74% de SDI. La moyenne d’âge était de 3,47 ± 2,48 ans dont 52,8% âgé de 2 à 6 ans. Ce strabisme était précoce dans 35,8% et tardif dans 34,1%. Le SDI était unilatéral dans 43,1% associé à une amétropie dans 36,6% et une anisométropie dans 22,8%. On notait un astigmatisme myopique dans 42,3% majoritairement de degré faible à modéré. L’anisométropie astigmatisme représentait 50%. L’amblyopie qui s’y associait dans 14,6% était d’origine fonctionnelle chez 88,9 % des patients. Elle était profonde dans 33,3% et modérée dans 50% des cas. La correction optique totale a été prescrite chez tous les enfants. Conclusion : Le diagnostic tardif observé souligne la nécessité d'un dépistage précoce. L'association fréquente du SDI et des vices réfractifs dans notre contexte africain justifie une correction optique totale systématique. La variabilité des approches thérapeutiques reflète l'absence de consensus sur les critères de prise en charge.
Introduction: Intermittent divergent strabismus (IDS) is a common clinical condition in paediatric ophthalmology, associated with meaningful functional and aesthetic alterations. This study aims to describe the clinical and therapeutic characteristics of IDS in children. Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a paediatric population in sub-Saharan Africa with IDS, evaluating sociodemographic data, strabismus characteristics, associated ametropia, and management strategy. Results: The hospital prevalence of strabismus in children was 9.75%, of which 57.74% were IDS. The average age was 3.47 ± 2.48 years, with 52.8% aged between two and six years. This strabismus had an early onset in 35.8% and a late onset in 34.1%. IDS was unilateral in 43.1% of cases, associated with ametropia in 36.6% and anisometropia in 22.8%. Myopic astigmatism was noted in 42.3% of cases, mostly mild to moderate. Anisometropia astigmatism accounted for 50%. Amblyopia, which was associated with it in 14.6% of cases, was functional in 88.9% of patients. It was profound in 33.3% and moderate in 50% of cases. Total optical correction was prescribed for all children. Conclusion: The late diagnosis observed highlights the need for early screening. The frequent association of IDS and refractive errors in our African context justifies systematic total optical correction. The variability of therapeutic approaches reflects the lack of consensus on management criteria.  
The Implementation of Teaching Models and the Use of Common ICT Tools for Scientific Literacy in Greece’s Second Chance Schools
Get PDFIntroduction: In recent decades, numerous studies conducted both in Greece and worldwide highlight the lack of student interest in the natural sciences, which contributes to a broader crisis in scientific literacy - including the knowledge, attitudes, and skills associated with it. Therefore, the search for appropriate teaching models, combined with the use of ICT in the educational process - particularly in the field of adult education, including Second Chance Schools (SCS) - has become a modern educational objective. Purpose: To study and statistically analyze the teaching approaches and ICT tools incorporated into their instruction by Scientific Literacy educators in Greece’s SCS, in comparison to their demographic and professional characteristics. Method: The research employed a structured questionnaire distributed via email to Scientific Literacy educators in SCS across Greece. The survey focused on three main research question groups. Using factor analysis, correlations among variables were explored, and the most significant ones were further analyzed using the chi-square test.
Results:
6% of SCS Scientific Literacy educators use the “collaborative teaching” model, with 55.3% of them aged 36–45 (p<0.01).
The “experimental teaching” model is avoided by 76.3% of female educators (p<0.05), 84.6% of educators under 35 (p<0.01), and 100% of those with little or no teaching experience (0–3 years) (p<0.05).
4% of educators apply inquiry-based teaching; of these, 33.3% are second-subject educators (p<0.01).
Of the 39.4% who apply collaborative learning, 55.3% are aged 36–45 (p<0.05).
7% of educators with minimal or no teaching experience do not use project-based learning (p<0.05).
5% of educators use computers daily, with 56.3% being second-subject educators.
1% do not use interactive whiteboards, 72.7% of whom are physicists, chemists, or second-subject educators (p<0.05).
8% frequently use the Internet, and 38.1% of those who frequently use educational software apply differentiated instruction (p<0.05).
7% use ICT tools primarily for lesson demonstrations. Of the 47.0% who use ICT to support traditional teaching, 67.7% apply the “traditional teaching” model (p<0.01).
3% of the 34.8% who use experimental teaching use ICT tools for simulation experiments (p<0.01).
Conclusion: The majority of Scientific Literacy educators in Greece’s SCS do not prefer experimental teaching and mainly use ICT tools for demonstration purposes
AI and Cyber-Enabled Threats to Democracy through Algorithmic Manipulation and Generative AI in Undermining Democratic Integrity
Get PDFThe increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into digital platforms has escalated threats to democratic integrity worldwide, primarily through algorithmic manipulation, generative AI technologies, and large language models (LLMs). This study comprehensively investigates how these advanced technologies are systematically leveraged by state and non-state actors to destabilise democracies. The paper scrutinises empirical cases from the United States, European Union, India, Türkiye, Argentina, and Taiwan, analysing the operational mechanisms and socio-political implications of AI-driven disinformation. Findings demonstrate how generative AI, deepfake technologies, and sophisticated behavioural targeting exacerbate polarisation, weaken institutional trust, and distort electoral processes. Despite the growing prevalence of such cyber-enabled interference, regulatory and institutional responses remain fragmented and inadequate. Consequently, this research culminates in proposing a robust strategic implementation framework, emphasising platform transparency, regulatory innovation, technological safeguards, and civic resilience measures. This framework provides actionable guidance for safeguarding democratic integrity amid evolving AI threats
Evaluation des mesures préventives face aux risques liés à l’exposition aux pesticides dans une entreprise agricole au Sénégal
Get PDFIntroduction : les pesticides constituent une menace pour la sécurité des agriculteurs. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer les mesures préventives mises en place dans une entreprise agricole pour faire face aux risques liés à l’exposition aux pesticides. Méthodologie : il s’agissait d’une étude transversale menée du 1er juin au 30 juillet 2024. Les ouvriers de l’entreprise directement exposés aux pesticides constituaient la population d’étude. L’analyse a été effectuée avec les logiciels excel 2016 et R version 4.1.1. Nous avons réalisé une analyse bi variée en utilisant le test de Khi2 de Pearson pour la comparaison des proportions. Le lien a été considéré significatif si p inférieur à 0,05. Résultats : au total, 63 ouvriers agricoles composés exclusivement d’hommes ont été inclus. Les applicateurs de produits phytosanitaires étaient les plus représentés (76,2%). Le nombre moyen d’années d’exposition aux pesticides était de 14±5 ans. Des antécédents d’effets néfastes liés aux pesticides ont été répertoriés dans 23,3% des cas. Parmi les ouvriers, 92,1% ont été formés sur l’usage sécurisé des pesticides et 91,8% lisaient les étiquettes des pesticides avant leur utilisation à des fréquences variables. La visite d’embauche et la visite médicale périodique étaient systématiquement réalisées au profit de ces ouvriers. De même, ils bénéficiaient d’une mesure systématique de la cholinestérase avant et après les campagnes et d’une dotation en équipement de protection individuelle. La catégorie professionnelle et la formation sur l’utilisation des pesticides avaient un lien significatif avec un bon niveau de connaissance des travailleurs (p<0,05). Conclusion : l’enquête révèle la nécessité de renforcer davantage la protection des travailleurs par la sensibilisation, la formation, l’évaluation continue des connaissances et le suivi médical des travailleurs.
Introduction: Pesticides pose a threat to the safety of farmers. The aim of this study was to assess the preventive measures put in place in a farming business to deal with the risks associated with exposure to pesticides. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between 1 June and 30 July 2024. The study population consisted of company workers directly exposed to pesticides. The analysis was performed using Excel 2016 and R version 4.1.1 software. We performed a bivariate analysis using Pearson's chi-square test to compare proportions. The link was considered significant if p was less than 0.05. Results: a total of 63 all-male agricultural workers were included. Plant protection product applicators were the most represented (76.2%). The average number of years of exposure to pesticides was 14±5 years. A history of pesticide-related adverse effects was recorded in 23.3% of cases. Among the workers, 92.1% had been trained in the safe use of pesticides and 91.8% read pesticide labels before use, with varying frequency. These workers systematically underwent a pre-recruitment check-up and a periodic medical examination. They also had their cholinesterase levels measured systematically before and after campaigns, and were provided with personal protective equipment. Professional category and training in the use of pesticides were significantly associated with a good level of knowledge among workers (p<0.05). Conclusion: The survey reveals the need to further strengthen worker protection through awareness-raising, training, continuous assessment of knowledge, and medical monitoring of workers
Analyse discursive du fonctionnement de l’espace dans L’enfant noir de Camara Laye et Les Soleils des indépendances d’Ahmadou Kourouma
Get PDFCette contribution explore la représentation de l’espace romanesque sous trois axes : l’espace mimétique, la toposémie fonctionnelle et le symbolisme idéologique dans L’enfant noir de Camara Laye et Les Soleils des indépendances d’Ahmadou Kourouma. Une lecture critique démontre que l’espace des deux textes est construit pour interroger les fondements de la culture, de l’identité et de l’historique dans la réalité précoloniale et postcoloniale de l’Afrique. Inscrit dans la littérature nationaliste, Camara Laye vante les valeurs de l’Afrique traditionnelle comme un moyen de diaboliser et de déconstruire la colonisation, traduisant ainsi l’espace romanesque à un outil de résistance coloniale. Les lieux idylliques représentés dans L’enfant noir symbolisent une Afrique ancestrale, harmonieuse, libre, prospère et en sécurité, incarnant une utopie mémorielle. En revanche, l’espace répugnant dans Les soleils des indépendances fustige la colonisation, ainsi que les institutions, les structures sociopolitiques et religieuses, surtout de l’Afrique postcoloniale à travers son espace dystopique. Nourri de pessimisme, cet espace semble dépeindre l’état actuel d’une Afrique en crise, ravagée par l’absurdité de la colonisation et les injustices. Kourouma établit un parallèle entre ses personnages et son espace. Les constituants dialectiques des lieux représentés reflètent le déséquilibre psychologique, moral, économique des personnages et un effondrement des structures sociales, politiques et religieuses de l’Afrique post-indépendance. Bien que les deux textes dépeignent respectivement des espaces contrastés d’un passé idéalisé et d’une crise postcoloniale, leur représentation spatiale prône une Afrique unie, prospère et régénérée.
This study examines the representation of novelistic space along three axes: mimetic space, functional toposemy, and ideological symbolism in Camara Laye’s The Dark Child and Ahmadou Kourouma’s The Suns of Independence. A critical reading shows that the space in both texts is constructed to question the foundations of culture, identity, and history within Africa's precolonial and postcolonial realities. Within nationalist literature, Camara Laye praises the values of traditional Africa as a way to critique and dismantle colonization, turning novelistic space into a tool of colonial resistance. The idyllic places in The Dark Child symbolize a peaceful, free, prosperous, and secure ancestral Africa, representing a memorial utopia. In contrast, the disturbing space in The Suns of Independence criticizes colonization, along with the institutions, sociopolitical and religious structures mainly of postcolonial Africa, through its dystopian setting. Filled with pessimism, this space portrays Africa’s current crisis-ridden state, devastated by the absurdity of colonization and injustices. Kourouma draws a parallel between his characters and their space; the dialectical elements of these places reflect their psychological, moral, and economic struggles, as well as the collapse of the social, political, and religious structures of post-independence Africa. Despite presenting contrasting spaces of an idealized past and postcolonial crisis, respectively, both novels ultimately use spatial representation to promote a united, prosperous, and renewed Africa