European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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Perceptions des acteurs locaux des politiques agricoles et modèles d’adaptation de la valorisation des cultures négligées au Bénin
Get PDFLa vulnérabilité des systèmes alimentaires face aux effets combinés des crises socioéconomiques et environnementales, nécessite la prise en compte de la valorisation des cultures négligées et sous- utilisées (NUS) dans les politiques agricoles nationales au Bénin. Cet article envisage non seulement d’analyser la perception des acteurs locaux face aux politiques agricoles territoriales de la valorisation des NUS, mais d’identifier les déterminants et les stratégies d’adaptation de la valorisation des NUS au Bénin. Pour conduire cette recherche, un modèle analytique a été conçu selon le postulat de l’approche orientée vers les acteurs. Des entretiens semi-structurés ont été conduits auprès de 15 producteurs et 45 représentants des différentes organisations intervenant dans la valorisation des NUS. Ils sont choisis en fonction de leur forte implication dans la valorisation des NUS. Les données collectées sont relatives aux NUS valorisées ; les perceptions ; les ressources mobilisées et les actions initiées sur la période 2011-2024. Les données ont été analysées avec, le test d’indépendance de χ², l’Analyse Factorielle des Correspondances et l’analyse de discours. Les résultats obtenus ont révélé au total 12 perceptions liées aux politiques agricoles et 12 stratégies d’adaptation. Les perceptions dépendaient de l’appartenance aux types d’organisation. Les stratégies d’adaptation de la valorisation développées face aux politiques agricoles sont la diversification des activités, le don de semence des NUS entre producteurs, la mise en place des modèles d'affaires pour la promotion des CVA, la Certification et l’exposition aux foies des produits dérivés des NUS, la visibilité et diffusion des NUS.
Food systems' vulnerability due to the combined effects of socio-economic crises means that neglected and under-utilized crops’ (NUS) valorization must be taken into account in national agricultural policies. In pursuit of this objective, the research endeavours to undertake a comprehensive analysis of local stakeholders' perceptions of territorial agricultural policies for NUS valorization. Additionally, it seeks to identify the key determinants and adaptation strategies for NUS valorization in Benin. The research was conducted utilising an analytical model that was conceived based on an actor-oriented approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 producers and 45 representatives of various organizations involved. They are chosen for their strong involvement in NUS enhancement. The data collated pertains to the valorization of NUS, as well as perceptions, mobilised resources and initiated actions between the years 2011 and 2024. The data were analysed using the χ² test of independence, Correspondence Factorial Analysis and discourse analysis. The results of the study revealed a total of 12 perceptions linked to agricultural policies and 12 adaptation strategies. The perception was found to be contingent upon the organizational type. The value-adding adaptation strategies developed in response to agricultural policies were diversification of activities, donation of NUS seeds between producers, implementation of business models for the promotion of NUSs, certification and exposure of NUS-derived products to livers, and visibility and dissemination of NUSs
Determinants of Health Insurance Choice and Ownership in India-Evidence from National Sample Survey Data
Get PDFOut-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) accounts for approximately 39% of total health expenditure in India and is on the rise. This is a matter of concern as high OOPE has impoverishing effects on the economy. Insurance serves as a cushion in the event of health-related distress and also helps consumers access the required quantity and better quality of care. Demand for insurance is a choice between risk and return that is contingent upon several socio-economic and demographic factors. The paper aims to identify the factors that influence the choice and ownership of health insurance in India. A multinomial logit model has been estimated using data on hospitalization published by the National Sample Survey Organisation, India (NSSO), 2014-15. Findings reveal that the presence of chronic ailments plays a significant role in the demand for health insurance. Other factors that not only shape demand but also influence the type of insurance chosen include education and income levels, household size and age of the individual. Government efforts have been crucial in reducing OOPE in India; however, better results can be expected with target-based innovative insurance products that offer greater coverage and transparency
The expansion of Vending in the Automated Retail Sector: An experiential marketing approach to customer acquisition- The Italian experience of MatiPay Srl
Get PDF“Automated retail” and “vending” refer to the sale of products through machines, often without direct human intervention, acting as unattended points of sale. This includes beverage vending machines, smart fridges, self-service laundromats, car washes, electric car charging stations, and more. Vending is a specific form of automated retail where the vending machine acts as an autonomous point of sale and a payment point. Simultaneously, it serves as a promotional and marketing tool for customer engagement. This objective is both comprehensive and complex, as the point of sale is entirely digital and unattended, yet it establishes a connection and digital dialogue with the customer through dedicated commercial offers and promotional messages. This process creates an innovative Customer Experience that links the customer to novel methods of communication and payment, thereby redefining the brand's image and reputation. The primary aim of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of implementing automated payment and telemetry systems to facilitate product sales and service delivery, enabling businesses to reach customers anywhere, even without a human presence. The methodology used is a descriptive empirical analysis, based on Data provided by an Italian Company, MatiPay Srl, based in Mola di Bari (Italy). It is based on company Data collected daily by MatiPay's staff and entered into MatiPay's software systems. The first system is the Microsoft Dynamics 365° Customer Relationship Management (CRM) System, which consolidates all data from proactive business development efforts, including leads to opportunities, marketing supplier surveys, and marketing customer surveys. The second system is MatiPay's E-commerce platform, which consolidates all inbound business development data, including client profiles, their needs, and their purchases. The results of this analysis confirm a strong relationship between the improvement of advanced telemetry systems, new digital payment methods, and the innovative customer experience
L’impact de l'information digitale sur le public marocain « averti »: cas de la guerre à Gaza
Get PDFCet article nous permet de comprendre la réception des plateformes numériques émergentes, notamment dans le contexte de la guerre de Gaza 2023-2025. Notre recherche a porté sur un échantillon composé de Marocains ayant un niveau d’étude égal ou supérieur à BAC+5. Nous avons tenté d’analyser leur perception de l'information numérique et d’explorer leurs tendances et préférences dans la réception des nouveaux processus médiatiques. Dans cette optique, nous avons mené une enquête exploratoire à l'aide d'un questionnaire auquel ont répondu 101 Marocains faisant partie du public cible. Cette étude s’intéresse à l’impact des informations numériques présentées sous des formats hybrides sur la compréhension des actualités, aux positions des internautes sur la question palestinienne et aux effets psychologiques des informations liées au dossier en question. Si les conclusions de cette étude sont indicatives, il est important d’élargir l’échantillon pour avoir des résultats plus représentatifs afin de garantir une meilleure compréhension des habitudes et de la perception du public marocain cible de l’information digitale portant sur la guerre à Gaza.
This article contributes to our understanding of the reception of emerging digital platforms, particularly in the context of the 2023 Gaza war. Our research focused on the perception of the Moroccan public, specifically Moroccans with an educational level of BAC+5 or higher. We aimed to analyze their engagement with digital information and to explore the trends and preferences in their reception of new media processes. To this end, we conducted an exploratory survey using a questionnaire, which was answered by 101 Moroccans within the target audience. The survey sought to shed light on several aspects, including the impact of digital information presented in hybrid formats on news comprehension, internet users' positions towards the question of Palestine, and the psychological effects of such information. While the findings are insightful, it is important to note that this study should be expanded to cover a more representative sample of the target population. This would enable us to generalize the results and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the subject matter
Spirulina Production in Niger in a Controlled Environment
Get PDFSpirulina, a dietary supplement par excellence, is an alga very rich in proteins, vitamins and minerals. The cultivation of spirulina requires optimum control of the culture parameters (Temperature, pH, Salinity, Lighting) which are most often lower than the optimal production conditions. The objective of this study is to optimize the production of spirulina. To do this, a randomized experimental design was carried out in a greenhouse to control the effect of light and temperature. A total of nine (9) treatments repeated three (3) times were conducted in the greenhouse. The culture media of different treatments used are composed of natron, salt, NPK fertilizer, urea, lime, iron and ash water. These media are mainly distinguished by the chemical composition linked to the quantitative variation of the inputs used. Thus, the culture parameters (pH, temperature, salinity and density of the culture medium) were recorded. The yield obtained during the experiments was also evaluated. The results from these tests show that there is a great variability in the culture parameters depending on the type of treatment used. Thus, the pH and salinity of the medium fluctuate respectively between 8.95 and 10.16 and 16g/l and 31g/l. The average temperature of the medium varies between 28.32°C ± 0.72 (n = 189) in the morning and 34.06°C ± 1.71 (n = 189) in the evening. For the daily growth values noted in the media, T1 (control) shows a greater growth from the first (1st) day to the third (3rd) day, with a peak μ = 0.66. On the other hand, this growth becomes relatively low until the seventh (5th) day of the test. However, treatments T4, T5, T6 and T8 showed a more or less linear growth from the first (1st) to the seventh (7th) day of the test. The result resulted in an optimal yield of 1.13g/l± 0.13 with treatment T6, which was significantly higher than the yields of the other treatments. However, the lowest yield (0.46g/l±0.08) was observed with treatment T3
Profil des adolescents atteints de syndrome drépanocytaire majeur suivis au service de pédiatrie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Cocody
Get PDFObjectif : Décrire les caractéristiques socio-démographiques et cliniques des adolescents drépanocytaires suivis au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Cocody. Méthodologie : Étude rétrospective analytique menée de janvier à décembre 2024 au service de pédiatrie du CHU de Cocody. Tous les adolescents drépanocytaires suivis durant cette période ont été inclus. Les données ont été analysées avec Excel et le test exact de Fisher (p < 0,05). Résultats : Sur 104 enfants suivis, 30 adolescents (28,8 %) ont été inclus. L’âge moyen était de 12,7 ± 1,8 ans (10–15 ans), avec un sex-ratio de 1,14. La scolarité était normale chez 66,7 %. Un niveau socioéconomique faible (33 %) était associé à une qualité de suivi insuffisante (p = 0,006) et une mauvaise observance thérapeutique (p = 0,004). Le faible niveau d’instruction maternel (40,7 %) contribuait également à une observance inadéquate (p = 0,04). Le génotype SS représentait 53,4 % des cas. Le traitement de fond reposait sur l’association Acfol-Tanakan (63,3 %). La couverture vaccinale spécifique restait faible : typhoïde (13,3 %), pneumocoque (23,3 %), méningocoque (23,3 %), grippe (20 %). Les principales complications étaient les crises vaso-occlusives (73,3 %) et les infections récurrentes (66,7 %). L’hémoglobine de base était < 8 g/dl dans 76,7 % des cas. Quarante-trois pour cent avaient réalisé quatre consultations annuelles, 33,3 % ont été hospitalisés une fois et 60 % n’avaient pas été transfusés. Le bilan annuel restait incomplet dans 43,3 %.
Conclusion : La qualité du suivi et l’observance dépendaient du niveau socioéconomique parental. L’amélioration des conditions de vie et la gratuité de la prise en charge sont nécessaires pour optimiser la qualité de vie des adolescents drépanocytaires.
Objective: The aim was to describe the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of adolescents with sickle cell disease followed at the University Hospital of Cocody. Methodology: A retrospective analytical study was conducted from January to December 2024 in the pediatric department of Cocody University Hospital. All adolescents with sickle cell disease followed during this period were included. Data were analyzed using Excel and Fisher’s exact test (p < 0.05). Results: Of 104 children followed, 30 adolescents (28.8%) were included. The mean age was 12.7 ± 1.8 years (10–15 years), with a sex ratio of 1.14. School attendance was normal in 66.7% of cases. A low socioeconomic level (33%) was associated with poor follow-up quality (p = 0.006) and poor treatment adherence (p = 0.004). A low maternal educational level (40.7%) also contributed to inadequate adherence (p = 0.04). The SS genotype accounted for 53.4% of cases. Background treatment was mainly based on the Acfol-Tanakan combination (63.3%). Specific vaccination coverage remained low: typhoid (13.3%), pneumococcus (23.3%), meningococcus (23.3%), and influenza (20%). The main complications were vaso-occlusive crises (73.3%) and recurrent infections (66.7%). Baseline hemoglobin was < 8 g/dl in 76.7% of cases. Forty-three percent had four annual consultations, 33.3% had been hospitalized once, and 60% had not received transfusions. The annual check-up was incomplete in 43.3% of cases. Conclusion: The quality of follow-up and treatment adherence was closely linked to the parents’ socioeconomic level. Improving living conditions and ensuring free medical care are necessary to enhance the quality of life of adolescents with sickle cell disease
Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility for People with Disabilities: Emerging Trends, Policy Challenges, and Evolution in Motor Insurance
Get PDFSmart mobility, understood as automation-assisted driving, has found new solutions for individuals with chronic progressive diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis), who require driving support that meets their evolving needs. Furthermore, specific issues, such as gender smart mobility (which particularly regards the needs of the female population), have recently been highlighted. The challenge is to combine these new methods with essential insurance coverage which is sustainable in terms of pricing and limitations (deductibles, reimbursement policies, etc.). It is also necessary to rethink non-mandatory policies that provide fundamental support, such as roadside assistance and vehicle repair coverage. This paper, through legal analysis, focuses on analysing smart mobility techniques, addressing critical issues in emerging insurance coverage, and providing constructive legal proposals for policymakers, as well as for insurance production and distribution. The issues addressed are based on data collected and analyzed by others, to whom this essay refers
Economic Policy Uncertainty and Monetary Dynamics in Japan: A VAR–EGARCH Analysis
Get PDFThis paper investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on money supply, inflation, and financial markets in Japan over the period 2004–2024. Employing a Vector Autoregression (VAR) framework and an Exponential GARCH (EGARCH) model with a student-t distribution, we analyze both the mean and volatility effects of policy uncertainty on key macroeconomic variables. The results show that EPU exerts a considerable influence on monetary dynamics and real economic activity, with persistent feedback effects on industrial production, while its impact on inflation remains modest. Moreover, while volatility modeling reveals no statistically significant direct transmission from EPU to financial market volatility, this finding highlights the conditional, state-dependent, and institution-specific nature of uncertainty propagation in Japan’s financial system. Jointly examining monetary dynamics, real activity, and volatility within a unified time-series framework, this study extends existing literature and provides policy-relevant insights into how central banks can manage uncertainty shocks in a prolonged low-interest-rate environment
From Reporting to Responsibility: Legal Innovations in Corporate Law and Governance under the examples of the EU's “Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD)”
Get PDFThe topic of this research is as practical as it is theoretical and cognitive. It is based on the example of the EU's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). The practical relevance of the research issue is considered in terms of global environmental, social, labour and governance issues, as well as regulatory issues, which have affected the entire EU and given rise to the need for a mechanism to protect corporations from inefficient outcomes and create a more transparent, accountable and sustainable corporate environment within the EU. In the modern digital era, companies have started to act for sustainability after facing the failures of corporations to make efficient reporting efforts, which leads to poor risk management, increased costs and decreased innovation. However, it is obvious that the global community has not created the mechanisms that would vitally promote sustainable economic development over the last decade. In the paper Principles of Political Economy by the renowned English philosopher John Stuart Mill, we read that 'the most cogent reason for establishing a rule of conduct is that it promotes general happiness; it has been found to do so by experience, and that constitutes its title to be respected as a rule'. In order to improve transparency and accountability within companies, promote sustainable business practices, support informed decision-making and contribute to the EU's Green Deal, the EU consolidated the directive, the meaning of which is considered within the context of recent history (Guerman, 2021). The Volkswagen emissions scandal (also known as 'Dieselgate', 2015) revealed the problem of environmental degradation when it was discovered that the company had installed software in its diesel vehicles to cheat emissions tests. This allowed the cars to emit nitrogen oxides at levels up to 40 times higher than the legal limit. The scandal has highlighted the need for greater transparency and accountability in corporate environmental practices. Similarly, Amazon has faced ongoing criticism for its labor practices, including reports of harsh working conditions, inadequate breaks and high injury rates in its warehouses (Guerman, 2021). Repeated investigations and media reports have brought these issues to light, demonstrating the need for greater transparency and accountability in how companies treat their employees. However, the legal process is ongoing. In 2018, Facebook faced intense scrutiny following the Cambridge Analytica scandal, in which the personal data of millions of users was harvested without consent and used for political advertising. The lack of transparency in data handling practices and inadequate accountability measures were widely discussed, highlighting the need for more robust reporting and user privacy protection. These examples illustrate the diverse range of problems that corporations have faced, demonstrating the urgent need for the EU's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive. The dilemmas between 'reporting' and 'responsibilities' are evident in the market, and the legal and economic analysis of innovations in the corporate sustainability process is a fascinating area of research
The Role of Family and Culture on Young Women’s Perceptions of Motherhood: A Comparative Study of Sri Lankan and Indian Female College Students
Get PDFFertility rates in South Asia have declined significantly over the past four decades, with Sri Lanka and India leading this demographic transition. Addressing this problem, the study focuses on two key objectives: first, to explore cultural differences in the socialization process in Sri Lanka and India, particularly concerning the reinforcement of motherhood; and second, to examine culture-specific parenting practices that shape young women’s decision-making about marriage and motherhood. To achieve this, the research investigates how the socialization process of young, unmarried female undergraduates in these two countries influences their perceptions of motherhood and the declining fertility rate in contemporary times. Using a mixed-method and pseudo-longitudinal design, data were collected from over 500 students at the University of Colombo in Sri Lanka and the VET Institute of Arts and Science in Tamil Nadu, India, covering diverse academic disciplines, years of study, and socio-economic backgrounds. The findings indicate that while traditional ideals of motherhood remain deeply rooted, young women are renegotiating these roles through education, career aspirations, and exposure to global norms, though in varying ways across the two contexts. Indian students display greater confidence in balancing motherhood and career, while Sri Lankan students confront stronger patriarchal pressures and weaker institutional support. These results highlight the complex interplay of culture, family, and modern aspirations, contributing to the understanding of ongoing demographic shifts in Sri Lanka and India and offering policy-relevant insights into gender, education, and reproductive decision-making