European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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Aspects diagnostiques et thérapeutiques de la fistule de l’ouraque dans un hôpital rural peu équipé : à propos de 7 cas
Get PDFIntroduction : Le but de cette étude était de décrire la démarche diagnostique et thérapeutique de la fistule de l’ouraque en milieu peu équipé. Patients et méthode : Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale observationnelle menée à l’Hôpital de l’Ordre de Malte d’Elavagnon, de Novembre 2019 à Octobre 2021 (24 mois), incluant les patients pris en charge dans le service de chirurgie dudit hôpital pour fistule de l’ouraque. Le diagnostic était présomptif clinique. La confirmation diagnostique était per-opératoire. Résultats : Sept cas, tous de sexe masculin ont été enregistrés. L’âge moyen des patients étaient de 7 ans (extrêmes : 4 ans et 11 ans ; écart-type : 2,8 ans). L’écoulement intermittent d’urine par l’ombilic était le principal motif de consultation (5cas / 71,4%). Les autres motifs de consultation était la tuméfaction ombilicale (2cas / 28,6%) et l’ombilic humide (2cas / 28,6%). La manœuvre de recherche clinique d’écoulement d’urine par l’ombilic était positive dans tous les cas. Le traitement était chirurgical dans tous les cas et avait consisté en résection du trajet fistuleux emportant une collerette vésicale. Une sonde vésicale était mise en place par voie urétrale pour cinq à six jours post-opératoires. Les suites opératoires étaient simples dans tous les cas. Conclusion : La fistule de l’ouraque est une affection non exceptionnelle. Son diagnostic en milieu rural est clinique. Le traitement est chirurgical et le pronostic est bon.
Introduction: This study aims to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of urachus fistula in a poorly equipped environment. Patients and method: It was an observational cross-sectional study conducted at Malte Order Hospital of Elavagnon, from November 2019 to October 2021 (24 months), including patients managed in the surgical department of this hospital for urachus fistula. The diagnosis was clinical presumptive. Diagnostic confirmation was intraoperative. Results: Seven cases, all males, were registered. The mean age of the patients was 7 years (extremes: 4 years and 11 years; standard deviation: 2.8 years). Intermittent discharge of urine from the umbilicus was the main reason for consultation (5 cases / 71.4%). Other reasons for consultation were umbilical swelling (2 cases / 28.6%) and wet umbilicus (2 cases / 28.6%). The clinical research of urine flow through the umbilicus was positive in all cases. The treatment was surgical in all cases and consisted of resection of the fistulous pathway with removal of a bladder flange. A bladder catheter was inserted through the urethra for five to six days after surgery. The postoperative course was simple in all cases. Conclusion: Urachus fistula is not an exceptional condition. Its diagnosis in rural areas is clinical. The treatment is surgical, and the prognosis is good
Stratégies d’adaptations des producteurs rizicoles face aux changements climatiques dans la Région Menabe, Madagascar
Get PDFLa riziculture compte parmi les cultures les plus vulnérables aux effets du changement climatique. Malgré les incertitudes sur l’ampleur locale de ces changements, une évaluation des risques climatiques et des stratégies d’adaptation déjà mises en œuvre par les riziculteurs est essentielle pour renforcer les réponses appropriées. La présente étude vise à analyser les perceptions paysannes sur les manifestations du changement climatique, identifier ses impacts sur le système rizicole et les structures socio-économiques des producteurs, analyser les stratégies d’adaptation mises en œuvre, et établir une typologie ainsi que les déterminants de ces stratégies. L’enquête a été menée auprès de 280 riziculteurs répartis dans sept localités de la Région Menabe (Bemanonga, Beharona, Soaserana, Ankilivalo, Ankilizato, Ambatolahy et Tsimafana). Les données ont été traitées à l’aide de statistiques descriptives, suivies d’une Analyse Factorielle des Correspondances Multiples (AFCM), d’une Classification Ascendante Hiérarchique (CAH), et d’un modèle logit multinomial. Les résultats révèlent que les riziculteurs perçoivent de manière nette les effets de changements climatiques, notamment par l’augmentation des températures, la diminution des précipitations, les poches de sécheresse, ainsi que le dérèglement du calendrier pluviométrique. Les impacts observés incluent la baisse de la production rizicole, l’infertilité des sols, la prolifération des ravageurs, et la dégradation de la croissance des cultures. En réponse, trois classes de stratégies d’adaptation se distinguent. La première mobilise des semences améliorées, des engrais, des motoculteurs, et le repiquage des jeunes plants. La deuxième privilégie les variétés à cycle court, la diversification culturale et les cultures de contre-saison. La troisième adopte l’utilisation de produits phytosanitaires et de nouvelles spéculations. Les facteurs déterminants de l’adoption de ces stratégies sont la participation à des formations agricoles, l’éducation, l’accès au crédit, et le contact avec les agents de vulgarisation, avec des niveaux de significativité allant de 1 % à 10 %. Ces résultats suggèrent que les politiques publiques et privées devraient s’appuyer sur ces éléments pour orienter efficacement leurs interventions en soutien aux producteurs rizicoles, afin de renforcer leur résilience face au changement climatique.
Rice farming is among the most vulnerable agricultural activities to the effects of climate change. Despite uncertainties about the local scale of these changes, assessing climate risks and the adaptation strategies already implemented by rice farmers is essential to strengthen appropriate responses. This study aims to analyze farmers’ perceptions of climate change manifestations, identify its impacts on the rice production system and farmers’ socio-economic structures, examine the adaptation strategies adopted, and establish a typology and the determinants of these strategies. The survey was conducted with 280 rice farmers across seven localities in the Menabe region (Bemanonga, Beharona, Soaserana, Ankilivalo, Ankilizato, Ambatolahy, and Tsimafana). Data were processed using descriptive statistics, followed by Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), and a multinomial logit model. The results reveal that rice farmers clearly perceive the effects of climate change, particularly through rising temperatures, decreasing rainfall, drought pockets, and disrupted rainfall patterns. Observed impacts include reduced rice yields, soil infertility, increased pest outbreaks, and stunted crop growth. In response, three classes of adaptation strategies emerged. The first involves the use of improved seeds, fertilizers, power tillers, and transplanting young seedlings. The second emphasizes short-cycle varieties, crop diversification, and off-season farming. The third adopts the use of pesticides and the introduction of new crops. Determinants of the adoption of these strategies include participation in agricultural training, education level, access to credit, and contact with extension agents, with significance levels ranging from 1% to 10%. These findings suggest that public and private policies should build on these insights to effectively guide interventions that support rice farmers and strengthen their resilience to climate change
Evaluation de la qualité physico-chimique et de la pollution métallique du lac Guidimouni site RAMSAR au Niger : qualité du milieu de vie pour les organismes aquatiques
Get PDFAu Niger les plans d’eau sont soumis à des perturbations physique et chimiques, origine de la dégradation de leur qualité. La présente étude fait un diagnostic des perturbations de la qualité des eaux dues aux activités anthropiques sur le lac Guidimouni en se basant l’état physico-chimique et la pollution métallique. A cet effet, des mesures sur les eaux ont été réalisé In-situ : T°, CE, TDS, pH, OD et Au laboratoire : MES, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, CO3-, NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, P, Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe et Cd. Pour les sédiments, la granulométrie et le taux de matière organique ont été déterminés. Les résultats montrent une eau alcaline en saison froide (pH 9,3) (risque de toxicité du NH3), une charge organique plus élevée en saison chaude et pluvieuse (NH4+ 2,9 mg/L et phosphore 23,8mg/L) indiquant un risque élevé d’eutrophisation avec un niveau très bas d’OD 3mg/L (risque asphyxie) en saison pluvieuse. Une pollution anthropique modérée à forte (chlorure 100,7mg/L). Tous les ETM analysés dans les eaux et sédiments ont été détecté, toutefois à des teneurs conformes aux normes sauf pour le Pb (51,26 à 63,82µg/L), ce qui montre un début de pollution métallique du lac. Des mesures correctives doivent être envisager afin de préserver la biodiversité locale.
In Niger, water bodies are subject to physical and chemical disturbances, which is the origine of their quality deterioration. The aim of this study was to diagnose the disturbances in water quality caused by anthropic activities on Lake Guidimouni, based on the physicochemical state and metal pollution. In this order, measurements were carried out on water and sediments in situ: T°, CE, TDS, pH, OD and in the laboratory: SM, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, CO3-, NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, P, Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe and Cd. For the sediments, the granulometry and the organic matter content were determined. The results showed alkaline water in the cold season (pH 9.3) (risk of NH3 toxicity), a higher organic load in the hot and rainy season (NH4+ 2.9 mg/L and phosphorus 23.8 mg/L), indicating a high risk of eutrophication with a very low level of DO 3 mg/L (risk of asphyxiation) in the rainy season. Moderate to high anthropogenic pollution (chloride 100.7 mg/L). All the MTE analyzed in the water and sediments were detected, however, at levels in accordance with the standards except for Pb (51.26 to 63.82 µg/L), which shows the beginning of metallic pollution of the lake. Corrective measures must be considered in order to preserve local biodiversity
Etude Comparative des Paramètres Anthropométriques de l’Huile de Palme à l’Huile d’Olive Extra Vierge et à l’Huile d’Olive Contaminée
Get PDFL’huile de palme et l’huile d’olive sont des huiles végétales riches en composés bénéfiques pour la santé. Toutefois, la forte teneur en acides gras saturés de l’huile de palme suscite de nombreuses controverses, car leur consommation excessive est associée à diverses pathologies. Ainsi, bien que l’huile de palme soit souvent critiquée, les données scientifiques suggèrent qu’une consommation modérée, dans le cadre d’une alimentation équilibrée, ne présente pas de danger majeur pour la santé. Par ailleurs, l’huile de croton, bien que toxique et cancérigène, est utilisée en homéopathie depuis les années 1800 pour traiter certaines affections, par voie orale ou externe, sous stricte supervision médicale. Dans ce contexte, une étude a été menée pour comparer les effets de la consommation d’huile de palme, d’huile d’olive extra vierge, et d’huile d’olive contaminée à 1 % d’huile de croton sur les paramètres anthropométriques chez le rat Wistar. Cinq lots de 12 rats ont été soumis à différents régimes pendant six mois. Le lot 1 a reçu un régime à base de granulé supplémenté de 20% d’huile d’olive. Le lot 2 a reçu un régime à base de granulé supplémenté de 20% l’huile d’olive contaminée par 1% d’huile de croton. Le lot 3 a reçu un régime standard à base de granulé. Le lot 4 a reçu un régime à base de granulé supplémenté de 20% d’huile de palme brute. Le lot 5 a reçu un régime à base de granulé supplémenté de 20% d’huile de palme raffinée. Les principaux paramètres évalués étaient le gain de poids, la consommation alimentaire et l’hydratation. Au terme de l’expérience, aucune différence significative n’a été observée entre les groupes concernant ces paramètres. Cette étude suggère ainsi que la consommation modérée d’huile de palme ne favorise pas systématiquement la prise de poids et pourrait donc être compatible avec une alimentation équilibrée
Palm oil and olive oil are vegetable oils rich in compounds that are beneficial to health. However, the high content of saturated fatty acids in palm oil has given rise to a great deal of controversy, as excessive consumption has been linked to a number of pathologies. Although palm oil is often criticised, scientific data suggests that moderate consumption, as part of a balanced diet, poses no major health risk. Moreover, croton oil, although toxic and carcinogenic, has been used in homeopathy since the 1800s to treat certain ailments, either orally or externally, under strict medical supervision. In this context, a study was conducted to compare the effects of consuming palm oil, extra virgin olive oil and olive oil contaminated with 1% croton oil on anthropometric parameters in Wistar rats. Five batches of 12 rats were fed different diets for six months. Batch 1 received a pelleted diet supplemented with 20% olive oil. Batch 2 received a pellet-based diet supplemented with 20% olive oil contaminated with 1% croton oil. Lot 3 received a standard granulated diet. Lot 4 received a granulated diet supplemented with 20% crude palm oil. Lot 5 received a pelleted diet supplemented with 20% refined palm oil. The main parameters assessed were weight gain, food consumption and hydration. At the end of the experiment, no significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of these parameters. This study therefore suggests that moderate consumption of palm oil does not systematically promote weight gain and could therefore be compatible with a balanced diet
Impact of Composting and Vermicomposting of Three Types of Animal Manure on the Dynamics of Macronutrients Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium
Get PDFThe management of animal manure remains a major environmental challenge, sparking growing interest in valorization methods such as composting and vermicomposting. However, the efficiency of the composting method largely depends on the type of organic substrate used. This study aims to evaluate the impact of composting methods on the final concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in three types of animal manure. Three types of animal manure (horse dung, cow dung, and poultry droppings) underwent a five-week pre-composting phase, followed by seven weeks of vermicomposting. Two earthworm species, Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida, were used in the vermicomposting process. Soluble concentrations of N, P, and K were measured at the end of the composting and vermicomposting processes, and the impact of composting method on nutrient dynamics (N, P, and K) in the soil was assessed both before transplanting and after harvesting a lettuce crop. During composting, cow dung and poultry droppings showed similar nitrogen levels (0.3 kg N/ha), which were significantly higher than those of horse manure (0.2 kg N/ha). Poultry droppings displayed the highest phosphorus (0.18 kg P/ha) and potassium (0.25 kg K/ha) concentrations, compared to cow dung (0.12 kg P/ha, 0.1 kg K/ha) and horse manure (0.1 kg P/ha, 0.1 kg K/ha). In vermicomposting, nutrient differences between manure types were less pronounced. Nitrogen levels were higher in compost than in vermicompost for poultry droppings (0.38 kg N/ha vs. 0.33 kg N/ha), while P and K levels remained similar between the two processes for cow dung. This study highlights the differential impact of composting and vermicomposting on the nutrient content of organic amendments. Composting appears to be more effective for poultry droppings, while vermicomposting yields comparable nutrient levels for horse and cow manure. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing organic waste recycling to enhance soil fertility
Globalization and Migrant Rights in Post-Pandemic Italy: Navigating Economic Dependency and Policy Exclusion
Get PDFThe study examines the impact of globalization on migration governance and migrant rights in post-pandemic Italy, emphasizing the contrasts between the country’s economic reliance on migrant labour and the enforced, more restrictive policies. The research employs a qualitative, desk-based approach to analyse how migration flows have changed due to globalization, the primary human rights problems faced by immigrants, the effects of Italian and EU migration policies, and the socio-economic barriers to integration. The study examines the impact of border securitization, labour market conditions and the COVID-19 pandemic on migrant experiences, with a focus on the increasing importance of civil society and grassroots activism in advocating for migrant rights. By analysing academic literature, policy documents and institutional reports, this research aims to provide a critical understanding of the challenges facing migrants in Italy and how current policies influence their access to legal protections, employment and long-term social stability
Crisis, Recovery, and Regional Asymmetries: A Firm-Level Financial Analysis of Italian Food and Beverage SMEs
Get PDFThis study investigates the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Italy’s food and beverage processing sector. Drawing on firm-level panel data from the AIDA database, the analysis spans the period 2019–2022 and focuses on structural resilience and heterogeneity across firm sizes and regions. A sample of 1,600 SMEs was examined, segmented by workforce size and macro-geographical area through a cluster analysis. A correlation matrix is also performed to validate results. Key performance indicators - Return on Equity, Return on Investment, debt ratio, and EBITDA per employee - were analyzed to track changes before, during, and after the crisis. Findings reveal a substantial contraction in profitability in 2020, with ROE declining by 147% in the North, while Southern firms demonstrated relatively greater resilience. ROI dropped sharply across all areas, with incomplete recovery by 2022. Debt ratios exceeded 70% sector-wide during the crisis, underscoring high financial vulnerability. EBITDA rebounded after a 10% contraction, though rising labor costs - up 8.3% by 2022 - constrained operational efficiency. Supplementary analyses include a firm-level classification of performance evolution, a correlation matrix revealing moderate alignment between investment and profitability metrics, and a cluster analysis that distinguishes between typical SME trajectories, distressed micro-firms, and structurally distinct large enterprises. The results highlight asymmetrical recovery paths shaped by firm size and regional conditions. Overall, the study underscores the importance of differentiated policy approaches tailored to the structural and territorial characteristics of the sector, to support long-term resilience and mitigate the effects of future systemic shocks
Identification des risques comme moyen d’amelioration des performances des projets de developpement rural au Cameroun
Get PDFCet article relatif à l'influence des risques sur la performance des projets de développement rural au Cameroun repose sur une approche méthodique d'identification et d'atténuation des risques. Son objectif principal est de contribuer à l'amélioration de la performance des projets de développement rural. L'étude a été menée sur trois projets financés par différents bailleurs de fonds, à travers des entretiens semi-directifs, l'analyse de documents et l'observation. Elle a identifié vingt-deux (22) risques majeurs liés aux projets, dont 68 % sont exogènes et 32 % endogènes. Onze (11) d'entre eux sont fréquents ; seize (16) ont un impact significatif sur le respect des délais ; quatorze (14) influencent fortement l'exécution budgétaire et onze (11) ont un impact notable sur la qualité des livrables prévus. L'étude révèle que les mesures de gestion des risques sont généralement mises en œuvre dès qu'elles se manifestent et ont déjà eu un impact négatif sur la chaîne de résultats. Elle présente également un modèle de criticité des risques que les équipes de projet peuvent utiliser pour prendre des décisions de gestion. De plus, l'étude souligne la nécessité de renforcer les compétences des équipes de projet en matière de gestion des risques afin d'assurer la performance des projets de développement rural.
This paper concerning the influence of risks on rural development project performance in Cameroon is based on a methodical approach to risk identification and mitigation. Its main objective is to contribute to the improvement of the performance of rural development projects. The study was conducted on three projects funded by various donors, through semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and observation. It identified twenty-two (22) major project risks, of which 68% are exogenous and 32% endogenous. Eleven (11) of them occur frequently; sixteen (16) have a significant impact on meeting deadlines; fourteen (14) greatly influence budget execution, and eleven (11) have a notable impact on the quality of the planned deliverables. The study reveals that risk management measures are generally implemented once they manifest and have already had a negative impact on the outcome chain. It also presents a risk criticality model that project teams can use to make management decisions. Furthermore, the study highlights the need to strengthen the risk management skills of project teams in order to ensure the performance of rural development projects
Analyzing Stock Market Dynamics for 10 Leading US Companies: A Multi-Dimensional Approach Using Time Series and Correlation Analysis
Get PDFThis paper employs detailed time series and correlation analyses to thoroughly explore the stock market dynamics of 10 leading US corporations. Historical stock data from January 2022 to July 2023, on a daily basis, is analyzed with a focus on key indicators such as transaction volumes, price trajectories, and their interactions. The methodology combines data normalization, GARCH modeling, and descriptive statistics to ensure robust and reliable findings. The results reveal strong correlations among price indicators but question the reliability of trading volumes as predictors of price changes. Tesla’s upward price trajectory highlights investor optimism, while Netflix’s volatility underscores sector-specific challenges. These findings emphasize the significance of time series and correlation analysis in forecasting stock market trends and informing strategic decision-making. The study uncovers critical patterns and linkages governing market behavior, offering valuable insights into investor psychology and strategic decision-making processes
Effects of organic fertilizers and tillage on yield and its components of three varieties of Corchorus olitorius L. produced in South Benin
Get PDFThis study aims to evaluate the influence of organic fertilizer and tillage on the agro-morphological characteristics of three varieties of jute. A split plot design with three factors was installed in 02 repetitions. The main factor consists of the type of soil with 02 levels one of which is frequently plowed and the second of which has not been exploited during the last 5 years. The secondary factor is the dose of organic fertilizer with 08 levels including 0.5 kg/m2, 0.75 kg/m2, and 1 kg/m2 of poultry dung; 2 kg/m2, 2.5 kg/m2, 3 kg/m2 of cow dung; and one control without fertilizer, and the third factor is variety with 3 variants. The data collected during the trial were entered and processed in the Excel 2016 spreadsheet and subjected to various analyses including descriptive statistics, and analysis of variance with the Statitica software. The principal component analysis was performed with R 4.2.1 software and identified characters that are controlled by the treatments applied. The performance of the different varieties was assessed in the different study environments. The results show that soil amendment with varying doses of poultry dung associated with tillage improves the agro-morphological parameters of the plant. This association shows better improvement in seedling height, leaves, and biomass compared to the use of cow dung. Thus, organic fertilizer efficiently contributes to soil fertility improvement. The difference inthe contribution of these organic fertilizers to the improvement of soil status and crop yields could be due to the difference in organic matter and nutrients contained