European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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Literary Titles as Narrative Gateways: Exploring Novels, Drama, and Poetry
Get PDFTitles play a pivotal role in literature, serving as both a gateway and a symbolic microcosm of the narrative. This paper examines the role of literary titles as narrative gateways across various genres, including novels, drama, and poetry. By analyzing titles from plays, classic novels, and poetic works, the study explores how titles serve as entry points into the thematic and emotional landscapes of diverse literary forms. Through this exploration, the paper demonstrates the significance of titles in shaping reader expectations and enhancing the interpretive experience across different genres. This study categorizes literary titles into five distinct groups: descriptive titles, misleading titles, revelatory titles, titles borrowed from other literary works, and thematic titles. The study highlights how titles enhance narrative engagement, reflect thematic depth, and create intertextual connections. Through this classification, the paper emphasizes the aesthetic, philosophical, and interpretive dimensions of titles in literary fiction, offering insights into their enduring significance
Structure, geometry and piezometry of the Turonian-Coniacian aquifer captured in the Benin-Togo Coastal Sedimentary Basin
Get PDFThe Kéta Basin in Benin and Togo is located in the tropical zone between the equator and the Tropic of Cancer, between parallels 6° 10' and 7° 75' north latitude and meridians 1° 0' and 2° 48' east longitude. The study area occupies the southern tip of the two countries, with the Mono River forming the border. The Turonian-Coniacian aquifer, the oldest aquifer unit in the coastal sedimentary basin, is the subject of this study. This study aims to determine the structure, geometry and piezometry of this aquifer. Three cross-sections were created (Benin and Togo) using the traditional method, combining topographical maps, graph paper and Qgis 2.18.15. Piezometry was then carried out in three stages: determining the altitudes of the measurement points, calculating the piezometric levels and interpolating the calculated piezometric levels. The piezometric map was produced using Excel, Surfer 11 and Qgis 2.18.15 in succession. All these methods indicate that the Coniacian Turonian aquifer outcrops to the north of the northern plateaus of the Benin-Togo Coastal Sedimentary Basin. As the flow direction is mainly north-south, it can be deduced that the aquifer is fed by rainwater infiltration at its outcrop areas.  
Application du SIG et télédétection pour la mise en évidence des zones abritant la minéralisation aurifère : Cas du territoire de Wamba en RDC
Get PDFLa présente étude, vise à élaborer un guide de prospection stratégique de l’Or dans le territoire de Wamba en République Démocratique du Congo ; avec la considération des indicateurs de la minéralisation en utilisant la télédétection et le Système d’Information Géographique. L’objectif est de mettre en évidence, à partir de la télédétection, la relation qui existe entre la lithologie, les linéaments et la minéralisation afin de déterminer les sites probablement minéralisés en Or. La démarche méthodologique intègre des informations géologiques acquises à partir des images Landsat8 et une analyse SIG multicritères. La superposition des différentes cartes de lithologie, des linéaments et la considération des indicateurs à la minéralisation aurifère ont permis de réaliser le zonage des sites susceptibles de contenir des concentrations de minerais d’or dans le territoire de Wamba. Ainsi, six cibles d’exploration aurifère ont été détectées dont trois sont qualifiées de très significatives à la découverte de l’or.
The present study aims to elaborate a strategic prospecting guide for gold mineralization in the Wamba territory in the Democratic Republic of Congo, considering mineralization indicators using remote sensing and the Geographic Information System. The objective is to highlight, from remote sensing, the relationship between lithology, lineaments and mineralization in order to determine the sites likely to be mineralized with gold. The methodological approach integrates geological information acquired from Landsat8 images and a multi-criteria GIS analysis. By superimposing the various lithology maps, lineaments and by considering indicators of gold mineralization, it was possible to zonally identify sites likely to contain concentrations of gold ores in the Wamba territory. Six gold exploration targets have been identified, three of which are considered highly prospective for gold
The Impact of Corporate Financial Disclosure Quality on Banks’ Loan Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Uzbekistan
Get PDFIn developing economies such as Uzbekistan, financial reporting of corporations is crucial in helping the banks to assess the risk of loan borrowers. These disclosures are especially important as they determine the capacity of the financial institutions to assess the creditworthiness of the businesses. The paper at hand examines the efficacy of corporate financial disclosures and their influence on the risk assessment process of banks in the Uzbekistan country, which is in the process of the transition to the market-based economy with a developing regulation process. Based on recent research, this study will analyze the effects of financial transparency and the quality of financial reporting on the credit risk management capability of banks and their capacity to make proper decisions on lending.
The banking industry of Uzbekistan has experienced significant reforms, such as the implementation of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the guidelines on risk-based supervision introduced by the Central Bank (Khasanovich, 2025; Kadirovich & Rabbimovich, 2021). Still, there are some problems with the quality and timeliness of corporate financial reporting, which may impede the proper assessment of risks. As an example, Khushnud and Qingjie (2020) emphasize that the financial reporting discrepancies undermine banks in their attempt to efficiently assess the risk of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Uzbekistan, which is a principal part of the economic growth (Burkhanov, 2023). The use of IFRS is viewed as a step toward enhancing the comparability and reliance of financial reports, but the full shift to the new system remains under development (Mamadiyarov et al., 2024). In addition, the transition to digitalization of the banking sector, as Khamdamov et al. (2024) write, presents new prospects of increasing the effectiveness of credit decisions, which may lead to the elimination of the use of unreliable financial information.
It is also noted in this study that there should be improved regulatory control and the introduction of international accounting standards to increase financial transparency, which would help improve risk evaluation (Tadjibaeva, 2019). The paper brings out its conclusion by providing suggestions to the policymakers and banks in Uzbekistan on how they can improve the efficacy of the corporate financial disclosures in reducing credit risks and encouraging a more balanced financial background
Évaluation des pratiques d'hygiène des mains chez le personnel des urgences: impact d’une intervention de sensibilisation multimodale
Get PDFLes infections associées aux soins (IAS) représentent un problème de santé publique mondial. Selon l’OMS, elles touchent entre 5 et 15 % des patients hospitalisés. L’hygiène des mains est la première mesure de prévention. Toutefois, dans les services d’urgence, la pression temporelle et la charge de travail rendent difficile l’application rigoureuse de cette pratique. Ce travail s'intéresse à l'évaluation de l’impact d’un programme de sensibilisation sur l’amélioration de l’observance de l’hygiène des mains dans un service des urgences. L’Objectif de notre travail était d’évaluer l’impact d’un programme de sensibilisation multimodal sur les pratiques d’hygiène des mains chez le personnel du service d’urgence. Méthodologie: Étude avant-après menée au service des urgences de l’hôpital régional de Jendouba. Population : personnel soignant (médecins, infirmiers, aides-soignants). Données collectées par observation directe selon le protocole OMS, questionnaires, et audit de consommation de SHA. Intervention : formation brève, affichage, distribution de flacons, feedbacks. Résultats: Avant l’intervention, le taux global de conformité à l’hygiène des mains était de 42 %. Les taux les plus bas étaient observés après un contact avec l’environnement du patient (30 %). Après intervention, le taux global est monté à 68 %, avec une amélioration significative pour les cinq moments. La consommation de SHA est passée de 2,5 L à 4,2 L par Les questionnaires ont montré une meilleure connaissance et une réduction des freins perçus. Discussion: Les résultats confirment l'efficacité d’une intervention multimodale. L’amélioration des taux de conformité est cohérente avec les données internationales. La simplicité des mesures (formation courte, affichage, feedback) les rend applicables à d’autres services. Des limites incluent la courte durée de suivi, le biais d’observation et le manque de mesure du lien direct. Conclusion: Ce travail démontre qu’une intervention ciblée permet d'améliorer significativement l’hygiène des mains aux urgences. L'intégration durable de telles actions dans la culture du service est essentielle pour réduire les infections nosocomiales.
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent a worldwide public health problem. According to the WHO, they affect between 5% and 15% of hospitalized patients. Hand hygiene is the most important preventive measure. However, in emergency departments, time pressure and workload make it difficult to apply this practice rigorously. This dissertation focuses on evaluating the impact of an awareness-raising program on improving hand hygiene compliance in an emergency department. The objective of our work was to evaluate the impact of a multimodal awareness program on hand hygiene practices among staff in the emergency department. Methodology: Before-and-after study conducted at the emergency department of Jendouba regional hospital. Population: nursing staff (doctors, nurses, orderlies). Data collected by direct observation according to the WHO protocol, questionnaires, and audit of SHA consumption. Intervention: brief training, posters, distribution of bottles, and feedback. Results: Before the intervention, the overall compliance rate for hand hygiene was 42%. The lowest rates were observed after contact with the patient's environment (30%). After intervention, the overall rate rose to 68%, with a significant improvement at all five times. The consumption of SHA increased from 2.5 L to 4.2 L per person. The questionnaires showed improved awareness and a reduction in perceived barriers. Discussion: The results confirm the effectiveness of a multimodal intervention. The improvement in compliance rates is consistent with international data. The simplicity of the measures (short training, display, and feedback) makes them applicable to other services. Limitations include short follow-up time, observation bias and lack of direct link measurement. Conclusion: This work demonstrates that a targeted intervention can significantly improve hand hygiene in emergency departments. The sustainable integration of such actions into the culture of the department is essential to reducing nosocomial infections
Lorsque le symbolique transcende les frontières terrestres entre le Cameroun et ses voisins : la contribution des mariages transfrontaliers à l’intégration sous-régionale en Afrique centrale
Get PDFSituée au carrefour de la socio-anthropologie et de la sociologie des relations internationales, la présente réflexion examine l’apport des mariages transfrontaliers dans la construction de l’intégration sous-régionale en Afrique centrale. Prenant corps au sein des espaces frontaliers nord et sud Cameroun, elle repose sur la conjecture principale que ces unions transfrontalières comme symboles, participent à bien des égards à transcender les frontières terrestres entre le Cameroun et ses voisins. Pour le démontrer, un dispositif méthodologique articulé autour des entretiens et des observations a été opérationnalisé au sein de certaines localités frontalières du département de la vallée du Ntem dans le Sud Cameroun et ceux du département du mayo-Rey dans la région nord. Les données premières recueillies ont été complétées par celles dites secondaires. L’exploitation de ces dernières a principalement été éclairée à la lumière du néo-régionalisme comme approche théorique. De celles-ci, il en ressort qu’au-delà des spécificités liées aux pratiques matrimoniales chez les peuples frontaliers Mboum et Ekang qui structurent ces espaces, les mariages transfrontaliers ayant lieu à partir de ces espaces ont des incidences plurielles sur la dynamique d’intégration sous-régionale en Afrique centrale. Ils se révèlent à cet effet comme des instruments de renforcement, d’approfondissement des liens de solidarité et de fraternité entre les populations frontalières locales et celles des pays voisins. La prise en compte des réalités sociologiques et socio-anthropologiques qui traversent les pays qui composent la sous-région rendrait plus opérantes les actions des politiques. Car, au-delà d’intégrer les Etats, l’intégration régionale vise également à intégrer les hommes.
Situated at the crossroads of socio-anthropology and the sociology of international relations, this reflection examines the contribution of cross-border marriages to the construction of sub-regional integration in Central Africa. Taking form within the border areas of northern and southern Cameroon, it is based on the main conjecture that these cross-border unions, as symbols, contribute in many ways to transcending the land borders between Cameroon and its neighbors. To demonstrate this, a methodological framework structured around interviews and observations has been implemented in certain border localities of the Ntem Valley department in southern Cameroon and those of the Mayo-Rey department in the northern region. The primary data collected has been supplemented by so-called secondary data. The exploitation of the latter has primarily been illuminated in the light of neo-regionalism as a theoretical approach. From this, it emerges that beyond the specificities related to marriage practices among the Mboum and Ekang border communities that structure these spaces, cross-border marriages taking place from these areas have multiple impacts on the dynamics of sub-regional integration in Central Africa. They thus prove to be instruments for strengthening and deepening bonds of solidarity and fraternity between local border populations and those of neighboring countries. Considering the sociological and socio-anthropological realities that cross the countries making up the sub-region would make the actions of policymakers more effective. For, beyond integrating states, regional integration also aims to integrate people
Effect of two palms (Borassus aethiopum and Hyphaene thebaica) on the physicochemical characteristics of the soil of the agroforestry parklands in Gaya (Niger)
Get PDFThe management of soil fertility is a major issue worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of B. aethiopum and H. thebaica to soil fertility in south-west Niger. Using a complete randomized design with three replicates. 45 composite samples of 100 g of soil (36 below canopy and 9 outside) were collected between 0 and 20 cm depth and used to determine organic matter content, total carbon, total nitrogen and total sulfur, macronutrients (Mg, Ca, Na and K), Olsen phosphorus, micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn), pH, hygroscopic moisture, electrical conductivity and texture. The results showed that organic matter, C, N, Mn, Mg, Zn, hygroscopic moisture, P and Fe were significantly higher under the crowns of both species but with a higher effect of B. aethiopum canopy. Variations in their levels, with the exception of P, were explained by soil organic matter, to which they were significantly well correlated. This study showed that B. aethiopum and H. thebaica significantly improve fertility and contribute to soil stability. In view of these results, it is essential to devise policies for the rational management of forest resources as an alternative to the sustainable conservation of stability and crop soil fertility
Determinants of Health Insurance Choice and Ownership in India-Evidence from National Sample Survey Data
Get PDFOut-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) accounts for approximately 39% of total health expenditure in India and is on the rise. This is a matter of concern as high OOPE has impoverishing effects on the economy. Insurance serves as a cushion in the event of health-related distress and also helps consumers access the required quantity and better quality of care. Demand for insurance is a choice between risk and return that is contingent upon several socio-economic and demographic factors. The paper aims to identify the factors that influence the choice and ownership of health insurance in India.
A multinomial logit model has been estimated using data on hospitalization published by the National Sample Survey Organisation, India (NSSO), 2014-15. Findings reveal that the presence of chronic ailments plays a significant role in the demand for health insurance. Other factors that not only shape demand but also influence the type of insurance chosen include education and income levels, household size and age of the individual. Government efforts have been crucial in reducing OOPE in India; however, better results can be expected with target-based innovative insurance products that offer greater coverage and transparency
The Female Dimension of the Board of Directors and its Impact on Firm Value: A Narrative Review
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the female presence on boards of directors and its impact on value creation. Creating value within companies is crucial because it ensures long-term sustainability, strengthens competitiveness, and enhances the ability to respond to crises and market changes. Boards of directors are the core decision-making bodies, where strategic choices are made that determine the future trajectory of organizations. In this sense, “value” must be understood as economic performance and the broader set of tangible and intangible benefits contributing to innovation, resilience, and stakeholder trust. We started from the following RQ: “How does female representation on boards of directors influence firm value?”. To answer this, we provided a critical and narrative review of the most significant academic research papers dedicated to studying the culture of women’s enterprises. The search was conducted using Scopus. The study was conducted to offer a new key to reading these phenomena.
Our findings indicate a significant increase in publications on this topic starting from 2019, peaking in 2023 with nine research papers. What emerges is that female representation on boards of directors has a positive impact, but it is not uniform. For instance, it strengthens firm value, but the intensity of benefits depends on the institutional, cultural, and sectoral context in which the company operates
The Complexity of E-Marketing and Its Influence on the Performance of Gas Companies in Tanzania: Insights from Innovation Diffusion Theory
Get PDFThis paper focuses on investigating the complexity of electronic marketing on the performance of gas energy companies in Tanzania, with insight from Innovation Diffusion Theory. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire administered to a convenience sample of 302 employees from Gas Company Tanzania Ltd, Taifa Gas Ltd, Lake Gas Ltd, Oryx Gas Ltd, and Pan African Energy Ltd. The study employed an explanatory research design. Structural equation modeling was applied to analyze the data and identify the causal link between company performance and the complexity of electronic marketing. Results show a standardized path coefficient of .388 for COMPL5 <--- COMPL, indicating that COMPL5 is a key reference indicator for the construct COMPL. Additionally, the path coefficients for COMPL1 <--- COMPL (1.838, CR = 5.777, p < 0.001) and COMPL2 <--- COMPL (1.960, CR = 5.685, p < 0.001) provide strong evidence of significant relationships. The high critical ratios and statistical significance of these paths further support the conclusion that the complexity of electronic marketing positively influences the performance of gas energy companies in Tanzania. The study concluded that electronic marketing directly influences the performance of gas companies through the complexity of technology. These results advise businesses in the gas sector to prioritize investments in training programs to enhance the ease of learning and application of electronic marketing tools. Organizations should also ensure that staff has access to structured learning opportunities and user-friendly systems. Reducing the entry barrier for staff through simplified tool interfaces and consistent training can help maximize their efficiency in using electronic marketing solutions. Gas businesses should also focus on developing internal knowledge and fostering a culture of appreciation for the advantages of electronic marketing.