European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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Factors of PONASI Ecological Complex Resource Degradation
Get PDFPONASI ecological complex abounds with fauna and floristic species. But these resources are in a phase of degradation. The aim of this study is to analyze the main factors contributing to the degradation of the PONASI ecological complex. In order to assess the degradation factors, a systematic approach was used. It is an approach that takes into account the various phenomena responsible for degradation and the interactions. Data collection techniques focused on documentary research, interviews, field surveys, the use of the snowball sampling method, and the processing of some climatic parameters. For this research, a total of twelve (12) villages were surveyed. The results showed that anthropogenic and climatic factors contribute to the degradation of the resources of the PONASI ecological complex. The anthropogenic factors consist of vegetation fires, excessive wood cutting, grazing, and picking immature fruit, and agricultural front. These factors are exacerbated by the limits of governance which result in a lack of legal texts' application, a weak appropriation of the decentralization policy by the local authorities. The results of this study have demonstrated that there are a multitude of factors that contribute to the degradation of the PONASI ecological complex. It is urgent to take the necessary measures to reverse this trend of degradation
Approche sociologique de l’économie Informelle dans la ville de Bouaké en Côte d’Ivoire
Get PDFCette recherche porte sur l’économie de la précarité dans la ville de Bouaké, deuxième pôle urbain de la Côte d’Ivoire, caractérisé par une forte diversité ethnique, la prépondérance du secteur informel et l’impact de crises socio-politiques récentes. Son objectif principal est d’analyser les mécanismes sociologiques structurant cette économie en s’intéressant aux activités précaires (vente de vivriers, restauration, artisanat, commerce d’électronique de seconde main, travail du sexe), aux stratégies de survie des acteurs et à leur impact sur le développement urbain. Adoptant une démarche qualitative et s’appuyant sur la théorie de la structuration sociale sociaux structuration sociale, l’étude mobilise l’observation directe et des entretiens semi-directifs. Notre démarche porte sur le rôle des dynamiques sociales et des réseaux communautaires dans la structuration et la reproduction de l’économie informelle. En ce sens, les résultats montrent que l’économie précaire s’organise autour de réseaux sociaux et ethniques, avec une hiérarchisation fondée sur la rentabilité et une adaptation continue aux contraintes urbaines. Les stratégies économiques incluent la diversification des activités, le recours à des systèmes de crédit informel et la création de solidarités professionnelles. Bien que cette économie renforce les liens communautaires et stabilise le tissu social en créant des emplois informels, elle reste marquée par des défis tels que la précarité des conditions de travail, l’absence de protection sociale et la vulnérabilité aux chocs économiques.
This research focuses on the economy of precarity in the city of Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire’s second-largest urban hub, characterized by significant ethnic diversity, a predominant informal sector, and the lasting effects of recent socio-political crises. The main objective is to analyze the sociological mechanisms underpinning this economy, examining precarious activities (selling foodstuffs, street food, artisanal work, second-hand electronics trade, and sex work), survival strategies, and their impact on urban development. Using a qualitative approach grounded in the theory of social structuration, the study employs direct observation and semi-structured interviews. Our research focuses on the role of social dynamics and community networks in the structuring and reproduction of the informal economy. In this regard, findings reveal that the precarious economy is structured around social and ethnic networks, with activities ranked by profitability and continuous adaptation to urban constraints. Economic strategies include activity diversification, reliance on informal credit systems, and the establishment of professional solidarities. While this economy strengthens community bonds and provides informal employment, it faces persistent challenges, such as precarious working conditions, lack of social protection, and vulnerability to economic shocks
Anomaly Detection in Portal System Networks: A Hybrid EMLOA-OCSVM Approach and Review of Challenges
Get PDFPortal system networks are vital for education, governance, and corporate operations, but face growing risks from evolving cyber threats. This study proposes a hybrid anomaly detection framework that combines the Enhanced Modified Lion Optimization Algorithm (EMLOA) with One-Class Support Vector Machines (OCSVM) to enhance threat detection in such environments. Unlike traditional rule-based or statistical methods, which lack adaptability, or conventional machine learning techniques that demand extensive labeled data and computational power, the EMLOA-OCSVM model achieves high accuracy (99.9%), low training latency (3.05 seconds), and scalability in dynamic settings. The framework employs a sigmoid function-based strategy to dynamically optimize hyperparameters (γ and ν), enhancing convergence speed and detection performance. Evaluations using the UNSW-NB15 dataset (reflecting modern attack patterns) and real-world logs from Lagos State University of Education (LASUED) demonstrate the model’s practical relevance. Key innovations include dynamic threshold tuning and improved interpretability, reducing false positives without sacrificing efficiency. Robust performance is confirmed through accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC metrics. Future research should prioritize lightweight, explainable hybrid models capable of countering advanced threats while maintaining system performance
Omnichannel Integration and Performance of Large-Scale Retail Stores in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Get PDFThe changes in the retailing industry have led to the emergence of omnichannel retailing, which has disrupted conventional retailing. The primary objective was to investigate the impact of omnichannel retailing on the performance of large-scale stores. The specific objective of the study was to examine the effects of omnichannel integration on the performance of large-scale retail stores in Nairobi, Kenya. This study was anchored on the Resource-Based View theory and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. The study employed a cross-sectional design using descriptive and explanatory research designs. The large-scale retail stores were the unit of analysis, while the heads of the marketing, IT, finance, and operations departments served as the units of observation. The questionnaires were distributed through drop-and-pick and online circulation. The pilot testing was conducted on questionnaires before data collection. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and a 0.7 level was considered reliable, where the variables in the study were higher than the cut-off. The correlation analysis was determined using Pearson's correlation coefficients. The study analyzed the impact of omnichannel integration on the performance of large-scale retail stores through Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression. Content analysis was used to extract meaning and make inferences from qualitative data. For hypothesis testing, the study used P-values and a 5% significance level to assess significance. The finding indicated (p= 0.001 < 0.05) a significance level and coefficient of 0.772, implying that an increase in omnichannel integration, holding all other variables constant at zero, results in a 0.772 increase in the performance of large-scale retail stores. The results of this study showed that omnichannel integration significantly affects the performance of large retail stores
The Acceptance of Relevant Market in Moroccan and European Competition Law: Origins and Evolution
Get PDFThe assessment of barriers to market access requires, first and foremost, the implementation of an approach that views any infringement of equal opportunities between firms as a restriction on free competition. Such an approach, which is likely to contribute to preserving equality in competition and even encouraging dynamic competition between market players, remains dependent on the interest shown in the legal implementation of the definition of the relevant market itself. This research aims to establish a conceptualization of the legal criteria that promote the organization of competitive inflows within the market. In pursuing this goal, we will draw upon the definition of the relevant market according to Moroccan and European legal standards, which are the subjects of our research. Consequently, in order to reach this target, it is imperative to focus on a totalizing approach, enabling us to grasp the origins of the relevant market, to gauge and foresee its implementation, especially in accordance with economic thought and law
Teachers‘ Attitudes towards Using Cooperative Learning through Technology for Developing Writing Skills in a Military Context
Get PDFTeachers of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) consider writing as one of the most difficult productive skills to teach military students. Writing is an essential skill for their future career development, as they must take the high-stakes STANAG 6001 (Standardisation Agreement 6001) test to be promoted. Teachers‘ role is pivotal in teaching ESP as they should take into account students‘ current needs and create goal-oriented assignments to develop their writing skills and improve their writing performance. Thus, the purpose of the study was to investigate ESP teachers’ attitudes towards using cooperative learning through technology for the development of writing skills, to examine their readiness for implementing the above-mentioned instructional strategy. The study used a quantitative method. The data was gathered from the teachers’ questionnaire and was analysed descriptively. Study participants were 58 teachers from different schools and several military educational institutions of North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) member, partner and candidate countries such as Ukraine, Latvia and the UK. SPSS 27 was used to analyse the data. The study results showed that the majority of ESP teachers had positive attitudes towards using cooperative learning through technology to develop writing skills
Effets du programme de formation et d’insertion des jeunes ruraux piloté par le RESOPP sur les conditions socioéconomiques des bénéficiaires et la performance de leurs exploitations familiales dans les régions de Thiès et Louga
Get PDFCet article examine les effets du programme de formation et d’insertion des jeunes ruraux, mis en œuvre par le RESOPP entre 2016 et 2024, sur les bénéficiaires et leurs exploitations dans les régions de Thiès et de Louga. Pour cette analyse, la méthode des statistiques descriptives a été utilisée sur un échantillon de 80 jeunes ruraux, comprenant 40 bénéficiaires du programme et 40 témoins. Les données ont été collectées à l’aide d’un questionnaire administré via l’application Kobotoolbox. Les résultats montrent que le programme a eu un effet globalement positif sur les jeunes bénéficiaires et leurs exploitations. Sur le plan économique, il a favorisé une meilleure insertion professionnelle, les participants étant devenus majoritairement entrepreneurs dans les secteurs de l’agriculture et de l’élevage. Cette dynamique entrepreneuriale a contribué à l’augmentation de leur revenu moyen. Sur le plan social, le programme a permis de réduire le chômage parmi les jeunes bénéficiaires et d’améliorer leur accès à une alimentation suffisante et nutritive, grâce aux activités productives qu’ils ont développées. Au niveau des exploitations, des améliorations notables ont été constatées : les rendements agricoles se sont accrus grâce au renforcement des compétences techniques des jeunes agriculteurs, tandis que dans le domaine de l’élevage, une meilleure gestion des exploitations a été observée.
This article examines the impacts of the training and integration program for rural youth, implemented by RESOPP between 2016 and 2024, on the beneficiaries and their farms in the regions of Thiès and Louga. For this analysis, descriptive statistical methods were applied to a sample of 80 rural youth, consisting of 40 program beneficiaries and 40 control participants. Data were collected through a questionnaire administered via the Kobotoolbox application.The findings indicate that the program had an overall positive effect on both the beneficiaries and their farming activities. Economically, it facilitated better professional integration, with most participants becoming entrepreneurs in the agriculture and livestock sectors. This entrepreneurial dynamic contributed to an increase in their average income. On the social level, the program helped reduce unemployment among young beneficiaries and improved their access to sufficient and nutritious food, thanks to the productive activities they developed. At the farm level, significant improvements were observed: agricultural yields increased due to enhanced technical skills among young farmers, while in the livestock sector, better farm management practices were recorded
Estime de Soi et Persistance des Étudiantes en STIM à l’ENSAI de Ngaoundéré au Cameroun
Get PDFLa faible représentation des femmes dans les filières STIM (Sciences, Technologies, Ingénierie et Mathématiques) reste un enjeu majeur au Cameroun. À l’École Nationale Supérieure Agro – Industrielle (ENSAI) de l’Université de Ngaoundéré, cette réalité interroge la persistance des étudiantes dans ces parcours. Le phénomène de la sous – représentation des femmes dans les filières STIM, malgré diverses politiques incitatives, s’expliquerait par des facteurs psychosociaux, notamment l’auto – efficacité, la motivation intrinsèque et extrinsèque. Or, leur interaction et leur impact précis sur la persévérance restent peu mesurés empiriquement. Cette étude interroge, à travers l’estime de soi, l’influence de ces 3 facteurs sur cette persistance. Elle s’appuie sur un questionnaire administré aux 72 étudiantes issues de 14 filières, sélectionnées selon un échantillonnage par choix raisonné. Les résultats montrent que l’estime de soi concourt à la persistance des étudiantes en STIM. En effet, l’auto – efficacité permet aux étudiantes de croire en leurs capacités, de rester ambitieuses, persévérantes et résilientes face aux difficultés. La motivation intrinsèque, liée à l’autonomie, à l’autodétermination et à l’intérêt pour la filière, renforce leur engagement. Enfin, la motivation extrinsèque, soutenue par les encouragements des parents et des enseignants ainsi que par l’espoir d’un emploi bien rémunéré, renforce leur confiance et leurs choix. L’étude recommande la valorisation des modèles féminins de réussite pour encourager l’identification et la projection. Cette piste contribuerait à améliorer l’attractivité et la rétention des étudiantes dans les filières scientifiques et techniques de l’ENSAI et, plus largement, des grandes écoles scientifiques camerounaises.
The low representation of women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) courses remains a major issue in Cameroon. At the National Higher School of Agro–Industrial Sciences (NHSAS) of the University of Ngaoundéré, this reality raises questions about the persistence of female students in these courses. The under–representation of women in STEM subjects, despite various incentive policies, can be explained by psychosocial factors, in particular self–efficacy and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. However, little empirical research has been done into the interaction between these factors and their precise impact on perseverance. This study examines the influence of these 3 factors on persistence through self–esteem. It is based on a questionnaire administered to 72 female students from 14 streams, selected on the basis of purposive sampling. The results show that self–esteem contributes to the persistence of female STEM students. Self–efficacy enables students to believe in their abilities and to remain ambitious, persevering, and resilient in the face of difficulties. Intrinsic motivation, linked to autonomy, self-determination, and interest in the course, strengthens their commitment. Finally, extrinsic motivation, supported by encouragement from parents and teachers and the hope of a well–paid job, strengthens their confidence and their choices. The study recommends promoting successful female role models to encourage identification and projection. This would help to improve the attractiveness and retention of female students in the scientific and technical streams at ENSAI and, more broadly, at Cameroon’s leading science colleges
Perception communautaire, production ligneuse et variabilité morphologique des semences d’Acacia mangium Willd. au Sénégal
Get PDFLa demande croissante en bois au Sénégal accroît la pression sur les formations naturelles, d’où l’intérêt de promouvoir la culture d’espèces à croissance rapide comme Acacia mangium. Cette étude évalue la perception communautaire, la croissance ligneuse et la variabilité morphologique des semences dans deux plantations : Tao (27 ans) et Diakène (9 ans). Les enquêtes révèlent que seuls 46 % des populations connaissent l’espèce, principalement utilisée comme bois d’énergie (64 %) et bois d’œuvre (27 %). Les individus de Tao présentent des performances dendrométriques supérieures : diamètre moyen de 0,47 m contre 0,22 m à Diakène, houppier de 10,85 m contre 5,92 m et hauteur de 19,98 m contre 16,43 m. En revanche, les graines de Diakène sont significativement plus grandes (+7 % en longueur et +6 % en largeur) que celles de Tao (4,40 mm × 2,69 mm contre 4,08 mm × 2,54 mm). Une corrélation négative a été observée entre le volume de bois et la longueur des graines (r = -0,58). Ces résultats mettent en évidence un compromis entre croissance ligneuse et production de semences et soulignent la nécessité de sélectionner les semenciers en fonction des objectifs de reboisement, tout en renforçant la sensibilisation des communautés locales.
The increasing market demand for wood in Senegal has a severe impact on natural forests, resulting in significant habitat and biodiversity loss. Thus, to overcome this trend of degradation, promoting plantations of fast-growing tree species such as Acacia mangium Willd is critically needed to ensure the long-term sustainability of the natural resources. This study assessed community perception, wood production, and seed morphological variability in two plantations: Tao (27 years old) and Diakène (9 years old). Surveys revealed that only 46 % of respondents were familiar with the species, mainly used for fuelwood (64 %) and timber for handicrafts (27 %). Growth measurements indicated significantly higher performances at Tao: mean diameter of 0.47 m versus 0.22 m at Diakène, crown width of 10.85 m versus 5.92 m, and total height of 19.98 m versus 16.43 m. Conversely, seeds from the Diakène plot were larger (+7 % in length and +6 % in width), with mean dimensions of 4.40 mm × 2.69 mm compared to 4.08 mm × 2.54 mm at Tao. A negative correlation was observed between wood volume and seed length (r = -0.58). These results highlight a trade-off between wood production and seed size, underlining the need to select seed trees according to reforestation objectives and to strengthen community awareness for better valorization of the species