European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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Impact of Composting and Vermicomposting of Three Types of Animal Manure on the Dynamics of Macronutrients Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium
Get PDFThe management of animal manure remains a major environmental challenge, sparking growing interest in valorization methods such as composting and vermicomposting. However, the efficiency of the composting method largely depends on the type of organic substrate used. This study aims to evaluate the impact of composting methods on the final concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in three types of animal manure. Three types of animal manure (horse dung, cow dung, and poultry droppings) underwent a five-week pre-composting phase, followed by seven weeks of vermicomposting. Two earthworm species, Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida, were used in the vermicomposting process. Soluble concentrations of N, P, and K were measured at the end of the composting and vermicomposting processes, and the impact of composting method on nutrient dynamics (N, P, K) in the soil was assessed both before transplanting and after harvesting a lettuce crop. During composting, cow dung and poultry droppings showed similar nitrogen levels (0.3 kg N/ha), which were significantly higher than those of horse manure (0.2 kg N/ha). Poultry droppings displayed the highest phosphorus (0.18 kg P/ha) and potassium (0.25 kg K/ha) concentrations, compared to cow dung (0.12 kg P/ha, 0.1 kg K/ha) and horse manure (0.1 kg P/ha, 0.1 kg K/ha). In vermicomposting, nutrient differences between manure types were less pronounced. Nitrogen levels were higher in compost than in vermicompost for poultry droppings (0.38 kg N/ha vs. 0.33 kg N/ha), while P and K levels remained similar between the two processes for cow dung. This study highlights the differential impact of composting and vermicomposting on the nutrient content of organic amendments. Composting appears to be more effective for poultry droppings, while vermicomposting yields comparable nutrient levels for horse and cow manure. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing organic waste recycling to enhance soil fertility
Statistical Analysis of the Dissemination of Cultural Heritage in Traditional and Social Media in Burundi
Get PDFThe objective of this paper is to determine the place of cultural heritage in newspapers, radio, television broadcasts and online media. Metadata from the Conseil National de la Communication (CNC) and Annuaire du Secteur de la Communication et des Médias (ASCM 2019) were analyzed. These traditional and online radio, as well as television stations, were selected based on their responsibility as state institutions. Thus, 13 radio stations, including 2 public and 11 private dealing with 11,397 subjects in the spoken news, are the subject of the research. A total of 354 radio programs were analyzed. In the online media, 765 articles were posted. The findings show that cultural information is relegated to second place in radio and television news and online media. Only 53 cultural items out of 765, i.e., a rate of 0.6%, are relayed online. Jimbere Magazine took the lead with 39 cultural items out of the 53 broadcasts on the 13 radio stations, at a rate of 73.5%. The political and educational sectors attracted more attention to the public and private media, respectively with 160 and 116 items, a rate of 20% and 15%. Overall, out of 11,397 subjects covered in the news on 13 radio stations broadcasting in Burundi, 11 items related to cultural heritage were broadcast, accounting for 0.43%. This has also been observed with television news at 0.5%, while no television programs related to culture were broadcast on three TV channels, namely RTNB, REMA, and MASHARIKI
L’éthique de l’humanisme moderne occidental : le « deuxième péché originel »
Get PDFCe travail est une analyse critique de l’orientation éthique de la modernité occidentale. L’approche adoptée est de nature pluridisciplinaire. Elle implique des champs d’étude variés tels que l’histoire, l’histoire des idées, la théologie chrétienne et la philosophie. Après avoir mis en lumière la nature humaniste de ce grand courant de pensée, l’étude tente de montrer que l’humanisme de la modernité présente, sur le plan éthique, un aspect totalement révolutionnaire. En effet, alors que le Moyen-Age occidental, période essentiellement chrétienne, faisait du Dieu biblique le Garant des valeurs morales, l’humanisme moderne ravit ce rôle à Dieu et le confie à l’homme. Celui-ci est désormais, grâce à sa rationalité illimitée, la source des règles morales qui doivent régir sa vie. L’étude démontre, en revanche, en puisant dans la riche bibliographie de la critique de la modernité, que cette éthique révolutionnaire porte en elle-même les germes de sa propre destruction. Pire, dans sa nature universaliste, elle a entraîné l’humanité dans un vide éthique et une crise existentielle profonde. Par ailleurs, en nous inspirant de l’histoire du salut relatée dans la Bible, nous avons établi une correspondance, d’une part, entre le péché originel et l’éthique révolutionnaire de l’humanisme moderne et, d’autre part, entre la chute de l’humanité, suite au péché originel, et les graves conséquences de l’orientation éthique du projet humaniste de la modernité occidentale.
This work is a critical analysis of the ethical orientation of Western modernity. The approach adopted is multidisciplinary. It involves various fields of study such as history, the history of ideas, Christian theology, and philosophy. After highlighting the humanist nature of this great current of thought, the study attempts to show that the humanism of modernity has a totally revolutionary aspect in ethical terms. Whereas the Western Middle Ages, an essentially Christian period, made the biblical God the guarantor of moral values, modern humanism takes this role away from God and entrusts it to man. Thanks to his unlimited rationality, man is now the source of the moral rules that should govern his life. On the other hand, the study demonstrates, by drawing on the rich bibliography of criticism of modernity, that this revolutionary ethic bears within itself the seeds of its own destruction. Worse still, its universalist nature has led humanity into an ethical vacuum and a profound existential crisis. Drawing on the biblical story of salvation, we have established a correspondence between original sin and the revolutionary ethics of modern humanism, and between the fall of humanity as a result of original sin and the grave consequences of the ethical orientation of the humanist project of Western modernity
Enhancing the Writing Process: Integrating Applied Linguistics Learning Assessment in the Classroom
Get PDFThis study in Applied Linguistics to the writing process addresses the challenge of assessing and improving basic writing skills among 120 incoming students at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus. Faced with instructor reports of significant writing deficiencies and a lack of calibrated, objective evaluation methods, the study focused on developing and implementing new assessment tools within a basic writing course. Specifically, an objective test and a calibrated rubric were designed, informed by principles of applied linguistics, to establish clear performance expectations and guide pedagogical interventions. While the assessment revealed that over 70% of students demonstrated proficiency in three key learning objectives, as measured by achieving a passing score on the test and a "Good" rating on the rubric-assessed text, the substantial instructional time required to achieve these outcomes highlighted a mismatch between student needs and the existing curriculum. This finding, informed by the applied linguistic analysis of student performance, led to a significant curricular change: the original course was restructured into two distinct subjects to provide more targeted instruction and support for developing writers
Chronic Noise Exposure with Normal Hearing is Related to Adverse Quality of Life and Burnout
Get PDFAims and scope: Occupational noise exposure is a well-known factor of hearing loss and other health-related problems. Its contribution to burnout and health-related quality of life, particularly when there is no hearing loss is less well studied. Herein we aim to study the effect of noise on the responses of normal-hearing industrial workers on validated instruments. Methods: 384 industrial workers from three pharmaceutical companies with normal hearing were stratified into two groups: a noise-exposure group (n=195) and a non-exposure group (n=125). In addition to basic demographic characteristics, factors such as smoking, and BMI were examined alongside responses to the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and SF-36 questionnaire. Findings: The noise-exposure group exhibited a higher prevalence of smokers (p<0.01), a slightly elevated median BMI (p=0.04), and reported more pronounced exhaustion as measured by the OLBI (p=0.03). Furthermore, they exhibited poorer responses in various dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire, particularly in bodily pain (p<0.01), physical functioning (p=0.03), physical role functioning (p=0.02), and emotional role functioning (p<0.01) scales. Conclusion: Occupational noise exposure, even in the absence of hearing loss, is associated with a higher prevalence of burnout symptoms and an overall reduced health-related quality of life among industrial workers. These insights underscore the need for proactive measures to mitigate noise exposure's adverse impact on employee well-being and productivity in noisy work environments, independently of the findings in their audiometric results
Assessment of Health Professionals' Knowledge Regarding Risk Factors During Home Radiography
Get PDFAim and purpose: The knowledge of health professionals about the potential risks of using ionizing radiation plays an important role in protecting themselves and patients. The use of mobile radiography units poses several threats to workers such as radiation exposure, ergonomic injuries and musculoskeletal disorders from the constant use of lead feet and moving the portable radiography machine. The aim of the study is to highlight the knowledge background of healthcare professionals on radiation and radiation protection. Methodology: 72 questionnaires were distributed and 60 were returned with an overall response rate of 83%. The main sections addressed through the questionnaire were demographic data, knowledge background on radiation dose and radiation protection rules and measures. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS software. Results: From the results, the deficit of the knowledge background of health professionals on radiation and radiation protection is evident. It emerged that health professionals, especially medical doctors - radiologists have knowledge of the dose received by the patient when performing a chest X-ray in a percentage of 75%. Also, 6.6% of the respondents stated that they rarely or never use a protective lead apron, while 5% of the respondents stated that they never use a personal dosimeter. Conclusion: The guidelines for radiation protection of workers and patients when performing home radiography should be based on the pillars of continuous training of staff, but also on adherence to the very basic principle of justification
The Relationship Between Intrinsic Religiosity and Resilience Among Tunisian Female University Students
Get PDFThis study aimed to explore the relatively under-examined relationship between intrinsic religiosity and resilience among Tunisian female university students. A sample of 244 students participated by completing two scales: the "Arabic Scale of Intrinsic Religiosity" (Abdel-Khalek, 2017) and "The Tunisian Resilience Scale" (Derouiche-El Kamel & Hentati, 2021). Data analysis involved correlation and linear regression methods. A significant positive correlation (p<0.000) emerged between the two variables among the students. Moreover, intrinsic religiosity was found to predict resilience scores (p<0.000). These findings suggest a meaningful association between intrinsic religiosity and resilience among Tunisian female students. The study implies that intrinsic religiosity could serve as a predictive factor for resilience, shedding light on its potential role in fostering resilience among this population
L'implication des coopératives dans le développement territorial via le développement durable : Cas de la région Souss-Massa, Maroc
Get PDFDans un monde en perpétuelle mutation, les coopératives représentent le modèle économique approprié pour répondre aux nouvelles attentes sociales d’une population marginalisée par le capitalisme, en particulier dans les pays émergents. Parmi ces attentes figurent le développement durable et ses volets économique, social et environnemental. Par ailleurs, les coopératives doivent faire face à deux enjeux: concilier la croissance économique et la préservation de l’environnement d’une part, et d’autre part concilier compétitivité et équité sociale. C’est dans cette optique que s’inscrit l’objectif de notre article, il s’agit d’étudier le rôle des coopératives dans le développement durable des territoires en répondant à la problématique suivante : De quelle manière les coopératives marocaines contribuent-elles concrètement au développement durable des territoires? Pour ce faire, nous avons adopté une méthode qualitative exploratoire basée sur des entretiens semi-directifs conduits auprès des responsables des coopératives dans la région Souss-Massa. Pour analyser les discours des interviewés, nous avons opté pour le logiciel d'analyse qualitative Nvivo 10. Les résultats d’analyse présentés confirment que l’intégration des objectifs de développement durable adoptés par les Nations Unies, est un déterminant fondamental dans l’implication des coopératives dans le développement durable des territoires. En outre, il a été ressorti des entretiens semi-directifs menés, une confirmation que l’implication des coopératives dans le développement durable contribue significativement au développement territorial.
In a constantly changing world, cooperatives represent the appropriate economic model to meet the new social expectations of a population marginalized by capitalism, particularly in emerging countries. Among these expectations are sustainable development and its economic, social and environmental aspects. Furthermore, cooperatives must face two challenges: reconciling economic growth and environmental preservation on the one hand, and on the other hand reconciling competitiveness and social equity. It is in this perspective that the objective of our article falls, it is to study the role of cooperatives in the sustainable development of territories by responding to the following problem: How do Moroccan cooperatives concretely contribute to the sustainable development of territories? To do this, we adopted an exploratory qualitative method based on semi-structured interviews conducted with cooperative managers in the Souss- Massa region. To analyze the speeches of the interviewees, we opted for the qualitative analysis software Nvivo 10. The analysis results presented confirm that the integration of the sustainable development objectives adopted by the United Nations is a fundamental determinant in the involvement of cooperatives in the sustainable development of territories. In addition, the semi-structured interviews carried out confirmed that the involvement of cooperatives in sustainable development contributes significantly to territorial development
Sesgos conductuales en docentes de nivel universitario: análisis comparativo México – Colombia desde la perspectiva de las finanzas del comportamiento
Get PDFLas finanzas conductuales, en contraste con las finanzas tradicionales que asumen la racionalidad perfecta, estudian cómo la psicología y la sociología pueden influir en las decisiones financieras de las personas. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el objetivo principal del presente trabajo busca evaluar el proceso de toma de decisiones en docentes universitarios en México y Colombia, en relación con las finanzas conductuales a partir de la comprobación de sesgos comportamentales. Para el desarrollo del estudio se diseñó y aplicó un instrumento de medición tipo encuesta a la población objetivo, evaluando los sesgos de Educación Financiera, Autoeficacia, Optimismo y Aversión al Riesgo. La metodología aplicada consistió en un análisis estadístico de tipo factorial, tanto exploratorio como confirmatorio los cuales, en primera instancia permitieron la validación de la herramienta de investigación con el fin de cumplir los requisitos de consistencia y coherencia para, posteriormente, identificar y evaluar la estructura y fortaleza de los sesgos conductuales, tanto a nivel individual como relacional entre ellos. Los resultados registran evidencia de la presencia de estos sesgos en el proceso decisorio de todos los docentes encuestados, así como resalta una fuerte relación entre los componentes de conocimiento, comportamiento y actitud financieros, confirmando su relevancia en relación con la adecuada toma de decisiones, siendo consistente con la literatura científica abordada. Adicionalmente, se busca hacer un aporte de gran importancia para la línea de investigación de las finanzas conductuales, con el fin de fundamentar estrategias y soluciones para el fortalecimiento del conocimiento en esta área de investigación.
In contrast to traditional finance which assumes perfect rationality, behavioral finance studies how psychology and sociology can influence people’s financial decisions. Considering the above, the main objective of this work seeks to evaluate the decision-making process of university teachers in Mexico and Colombia, about behavioral finance from the verification of behavioral biases. For the development of the study, a survey-type measurement instrument was designed and applied to the target population, evaluating the biases of financial education, self-efficacy, optimism, and risk aversion. The methodology used consisted of a factorial statistical analysis, both exploratory and confirmatory which, in the first instance allowed the validation of the research tool to meet the requirements of consistency and coherence. Subsequently, identify and evaluate the structure and strength of behavioral biases, both at an individual level and with each other. The results show evidence of these biases in the decision-making process of all teachers surveyed, as well as a strong relationship between the components of knowledge, behavior, and financial attitudes, confirming its relevance to the proper decision-making, being consistent with the scientific literature addressed. Additionally, it is intended to contribute of great importance to the research line of behavioral finance, to base strategies and solutions for strengthening knowledge in this area of research
Questions négatives hautes en français : une analyse sémantico-pragmatique du biais et de la confirmation
Get PDFCette étude examine les propriétés sémantiques et pragmatiques des questions négatives hautes (High Negated Questions - HNQs) en français, des structures marquées par une négation externe et un préjugé épistémique implicite. Contrairement aux questions polaires classiques, les HNQs manifestent une préférence pour des réponses affirmatives, reflétant les attentes du locuteur quant à l’alignement des croyances avec l’interlocuteur. L’analyse théorique combinée à une expérimentation empirique menée auprès de locuteurs natifs montre que la félicité des HNQs dépend fortement du contexte discursif et de l’alignement épistémique présumé. Les résultats révèlent que les HNQs formelles, utilisant des structures comme n’est-ce pas, sont perçues comme plus naturelles dans des contextes institutionnels, tandis que les variantes informelles, avec des particules telles que hein, sont préférées dans des interactions spontanées. Ces observations confirment les modèles de la négation externe (Romero & Han, 2004 ; Goodhue, 2022) et des dynamiques d’alignement épistémique (Farkas & Roelofsen, 2017), soulignant le rôle des HNQs comme des outils structurants du discours, et non de simples interrogatives neutres. Cette recherche enrichit la compréhension des mécanismes de préjugé et de confirmation dans l’interaction en français.
This study investigates the semantic and pragmatic properties of High Negated Questions (HNQs) in French, a structure characterized by external negation and inherent epistemic bias. Unlike standard polar questions, HNQs exhibit a predisposition towards affirmative responses, reflecting the speaker's expectation of shared beliefs with the interlocutor. Through both theoretical analysis and empirical experimentation, the study explores how these questions function as discourse tools to manage alignment in conversational contexts. The experiment, conducted with native French native speakers, examined the naturalness and acceptability of HNQs in formal and informal settings, revealing that their felicity heavily depends on the presumed epistemic alignment between interlocutors. The findings confirm that formal HNQs (e.g., using n’est-ce pas) are more acceptable in institutional contexts, while informal variants (e.g., with hein) are preferred in casual speech. These results align with theoretical models of external negation (Romero & Han, 2004; Goodhue, 2022) and the pragmatic framework of epistemic alignment (Farkas & Roelofsen, 2017), highlighting HNQs' role as discourse-structuring mechanisms rather than neutral interrogatives. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how bias and confirmation dynamics shape French conversational structures