European Scientific Journal, ESJ
Not a member yet
14433 research outputs found
Sort by
Dynamique spatio-temporelle d’occupation du sol dans la zone agropastorale de la commune de Korahane, centre Nord de la république du Niger
Get PDFAu Niger centre et précisément dans la partie nord de Maradi, l’élevage constitue l’activité agricole la plus essentielle des communautés. Malheureusement ces dernières années, les ressources naturelles de la zone en particulier les ressources pastorales sont confrontées à une dégradation et une réduction de leur potentialité. Cette étude a pour objectif général d’évaluer la dynamique spatiale et temporelle d’occupation du sol dans la zone agropastorale de la commune de korahane ». L’étude est basée sur l’utilisation des données satellitaires de type Landsat 5 TM (1990), Landsat 7 ETM (2000), Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS (2015) et Landsat 9 OLI 2 (2022) toutes de résolution spatiale et temporelle de 30m et 16 jours. La méthode de classification supervisée par interprétation visuelle et l’approche diachronique par comparaison des années deux à deux ont été utilisées dans le cadre de cette étude. Le résultat du calcul du taux d’évolution a fait ressortir une progression de 55,09% pour les cultures, 0,48% pour les habitations, 0,06% pour le sol nu et 0,01% pour le plan d’eau. Pour les formations steppiques, on constate que 11,28% et 44,37% de superficies de steppes arborées et arbustives ont été respectivement diminués de 1990 à 2022. L’analyse et l’interprétation de la matrice de changement intervenus au niveau de différentes classes d’occupation du sol ont montré que de 1990 à 2022, 17940,25 ha des terres ont été dégradées contre 639,52 ha de terres qui ont été transformé sous forme d’amélioration. Les restes de terres à savoir 9325,27 ha constituent la superficie de terres qui ont était resté stable au cours de cette période de 1990 à 2022. Cette situation peut être expliquée par des facteurs tels que la forte pression démographique, la forte variabilité climatique et les mauvaises pratiques d’exploitation et de gestion du site.
In central Niger and specifically in the northern part of Maradi, livestock farming is the most essential agricultural activity of the communities. Unfortunately, in recent years, the natural resources of the area, particularly pastoral resources, have been facing degradation and a reduction in their potential. The general objective of this study is to assess the spatial and temporal dynamics of land use in the agropastoral zone of the commune of Korahane. The study is based on the use of satellite data such as Landsat 5 TM (1990), Landsat 7 ETM (2000), Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS (2015) and Landsat 9 OLI 2 (2022), all with spatial and temporal resolution of 30m and 16 days. The supervised classification method by visual interpretation and the diachronic approach by comparing years two by two were used in this study. The result of the study showed an increase of 55.09% for crops, 0.48% for housing, 0.06% for bare soil and 0.01% for the water body. For steppe formations, it is noted that 11.28% and 44.37% of areas of wooded and shrubby steppes were respectively reduced from 1990 to 2022. The analysis and interpretation of the change matrix at the level of different land use classes showed that from 1990 to 2022, 17940.25 ha of land were degraded against 639.52 ha of land which were transformed in the form of improvement. The remaining land area of 9325.27 ha constitutes the area of land that has remained stable during this period from 1990 to 2022. This situation can be explained by factors such as high population pressure, high climatic variability and poor exploitation and management practices of the site
Digital Linguistic Markers of Emotions As of the September 2024 Hostilities in Lebanon: A Case Study in Communication Arts Course at a University Level in Southern Lebanon
Get PDFLanguage and emotions are intricate systems that have several interactions. Amid the expeditious spread of digitalization and the upswing of various international issues, this case study seeks to explore how students at the Lebanese University in the South utilize language on social media to convey their emotions as of the 2024 clashes and airstrikes in Lebanon. Further, it aims to identify digital linguistic markers that reflect key emotional states and social identity. Drawing on discourse analysis which acknowledges language as a dynamic system that is influenced by shared experiences, values, and beliefs, and importantly, by Conceptual Act Theory which explores how meaning is constructed from experiences and perceptions and on sentiment analysis, a mixed-methods approach is employed. A convenient sampling of (191) university EFL students taking the Communication Arts module during the fall semester of 2024-2025 complete an online survey of 15 multiple choice and Likert scale items. Twelve students joined a focus group discussion and 155 out of 191 participants interacted on the web-based application, Padlet. The findings show that utilizing language in the context of social media platforms through words, emojis, hashtags, slogans, or posting articles, images, or videos, plays a vital role not only in channelling positive and negative sentiments in a constructive way, but also in signaling to belong to a collective identity during times of crisis in Lebanon. The overall analysis indicated that using various linguistic practices on social media platforms communicates positive and negative emotions, and upholds social norms and ideologies
AI-based Machine Translations in Tourism and Hospitality: An Exploratory Study of Travelers’ Perceptions and Future Challenges
Get PDFWith the progress of AI-driven technologies, machine translation has significantly impacted tourists' travel experiences by transforming how they engage with or interpret language at their destinations. However, the body of empirical literature on the benefits, obstacles, and future prospects of these emerging technologies in tourism and hospitality is yet to be fully explored. This study aims to explore and outline 320 travelers' perceptions of machine translation. A distinctive sample of Italian travelers, along with their current and potential customers in the digital environment, is analyzed. Descriptive statistics was used to present the number and main characteristics of travelers‘ perceptions about AI-based machine translators. Travelers were grouped into two clusters based on perceived benefits and implementation challenges. Our findings contribute to the growing literature on AI-based machine translators and offer practical insights by mapping the benefits, challenges, outlook, and maturity levels of machine translations. The results provide both theoretical and practical insights for improving the use of AI-based machine translations and their role in tourism and hospitality industries. This is among the first studies exploring the tourism and hospitality approaches adopted by travelers to manage their interactions with AI-based machine translations while traveling abroad
Las Metamorfosis del Capitalismo Liberal
Get PDFLa emergencia de la revolución digital y la inteligencia artificial (IA) ha atraído varias investigaciones sobre cuál será la reacción del sistema capitalista frente a los nuevos desafíos tecnológicos, económicos y sociales. El concepto de Capitalismo Digital (CD) que surge a fines del siglo XX así como la publicación de Schiller (2000) que consideraba el CD como “una nueva época que absorbe toda la economía política” (Rivera 2020), el tema del capitalismo y las nuevas técnicas digitales plantean nuevos modos de producción y nuevas fuentes de creación del valor económico así que diferentes relaciones entre los agentes económicos. Otros autores de inspiración marxista piensan, sin embargo, que el CD no es más que una dimensión del mismo capitalismo con el mismo modo de producción y donde lo único que cambia es el producto (digital) creado por el CD. Para estos intelectuales marxistas es poco probable que el capitalismo sea reemplazado en un futuro próximo.
Otro aspecto de la problemática concierne la relación entre los cambios en el sistema económico y los paradigmas sucesivos que tratan de explicar estos cambios. En este articulo trataremos de mostrar que las mutaciones sucesivas del capitalismo en siglos pasados han tenido poca relación (y a veces ninguna) con las teorías económicas. En cambio, la metamorfosis en el CD se repercute no solo en el ámbito social, las instituciones y el marco legislativo que las sostiene sino inclusive en las teorías económicas enseñadas durante décadas en las universidades. Los postulados de base de esas teorías escapan a la lógica del CD: la Inteligencia Artificial, como nuevo agente económico y la interconectividad de los productos transforman no solo las relaciones en la estructura de la cadena del valor y las leyes del mercado (oferta y demanda) sino también plantean la relación hombre-maquina como un enigma que incluye el futuro de la humanidad.
Este articulo pretende mostrar también el largo proceso de transformación del capitalismo como una evolución ineluctable (dialéctica?) que el mismo Karl Marx diagnosticó en siglos pasados pero que nunca pudo imaginar hasta donde llegaría la metamorfosis del sistema capitalista. Trataremos de mostrar que esa “hoja de ruta” trazada por Marx lleva actualmente al sistema capitalista, no al paraíso comunista profetizado por Marx, sino a un punto culminante donde el hombre pudiera desaparecer frente a su propria creación, la Inteligencia Artificial.
Para examinar las principales características de las tres grandes mutaciones del capitalismo y su relación con los principales paradigmas sincrónicos, consideraremos la evolución intrínseca del “capital” como postulado de base que permitirá de identificar los cambios del modo de producción y las características de las metamorfosis social y económica. Se analizará así en primer lugar la revolución industrial (con la emergencia del capital-máquina) luego la revolución financiera (con la emergencia del capital-finanzas) y finalmente la metamorfosis digital (con la emergencia del capital-dato) como nueva fuente de beneficio para el capitalismo. Se estudia además, como esta vez la economía conectada induce modificaciones substanciales en los paradigmas y las teorías económicas enseñadas durante décadas por los economistas.
The emergence of the digital revolution and artificial intelligence (AI) has attracted several investigations into how the capitalist system will react to new technological, economic and social challenges. The concept of Digital Capitalism (DC) that emerged at the end of the 20th century as well as the publication of Schiller (2000) who considered DC as “a new era that absorbs the entire political economy” (cited by Rivera 2020) , the theme of capitalism and new digital techniques pose new modes of production and new sources of creation of economic value as well as different relationships between economic agents. Other authors of Marxist inspiration think, however, that DC is nothing more than a dimension of the same capitalism with the same mode of production and where the only thing that changes is the (digital) product created by DC. For these Marxist intellectuals, it is unlikely that capitalism will be replaced in the near future.
Another aspect of the problem concerns the relationship between changes in the economic system and the successive paradigms that try to explain these changes. In this article we will try to show that the successive mutations of capitalism in past centuries have had little (and sometimes no) relation to economic theories. On the other hand, the metamorphosis in CD has repercussions not only in the social sphere, the institutions and the legislative framework that supports them but even in the economic theories taught for decades in universities. The basic postulates of these theories escape the logic of CD: Artificial Intelligence, as a new economic agent, and the interconnectivity of products transform not only the relationships in the structure of the value chain and the laws of the market (supply and demand) but also pose the man-machine relationship as an enigma that includes the future of humanity.
This article also aims to show the long process of transformation of capitalism as an ineluctable evolution (dialectic?) that Karl Marx himself diagnosed in past centuries but could never imagine how far the metamorphosis of the capitalist system would go. We will try to show that this “road map” drawn up by Marx currently leads the capitalist system not to the communist paradise prophesied by Marx, but to a culminating point where man could disappear in the face of his own creation, Artificial Intelligence.
To examine the main characteristics of the three great mutations of capitalism and their relationship with the main synchronic paradigms, we will consider the intrinsic evolution of “capital” as a basic postulate that will allow us to identify the changes in the mode of production and the characteristics of social and economic metamorphoses. We will thus first analyze the industrial revolution (with the emergence of machine- capital), then the financial revolution (with the emergence of finance- capital) and the digital metamorphosis (with the emergence of data-capital) as a new source of profit for capitalism. We will also study how this time the connected economy induces substantial modifications in the paradigms and economic theories taught for decades by economists
Enhancing the Writing Process: Integrating Applied Linguistics Learning Assessment in the Classroom
Get PDFThis study in Applied Linguistics to the writing process addresses the challenge of assessing and improving basic writing skills among 120 incoming students at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus. Faced with instructor reports of significant writing deficiencies and a lack of calibrated, objective evaluation methods like a specific choice test or a proficiency scale based on observed performance, the study focused on developing and implementing new assessment tools within a basic writing course. Specifically, an objective test and a calibrated rubric were designed, informed by principles of applied linguistics, to establish clear performance expectations and guide pedagogical interventions. While the assessment revealed that over 70% of students demonstrated proficiency in three key learning objectives, as measured by achieving a passing score on the test and a "Good" rating on the rubric-assessed text, the substantial instructional time required to achieve these outcomes highlighted a mismatch between student needs and the existing curriculum. This finding, informed by the applied linguistic analysis of student performance, led to a significant curricular change: the original course was restructured into two distinct subjects to provide more targeted instruction and support for developing writers
Entornos laborales en México: Retos y avances en seguridad y bienestar
Get PDFEste artículo analiza los entornos laborales en México, examinando la relación entre la legislación vigente (Ley Federal del Trabajo y Normas Oficiales Mexicanas), su aplicación y la realidad laboral en términos de seguridad y bienestar. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura de la última década, basada en publicaciones académicas, informes gubernamentales y normativas extraídas de bases de datos específicas con criterios de selección definidos, lo que permitió comparar la legislación mexicana con estándares internacionales y resaltar sus diferencias. Los hallazgos evidencian avances legislativos, pero también señalan deficiencias en supervisión, recursos y capacitación, así como una alta prevalencia de riesgos psicosociales, especialmente el estrés laboral. El estudio concluye con recomendaciones para una estrategia integral que busca mejorar la supervisión, la capacitación, el acceso a recursos y la promoción de la responsabilidad social empresarial. Se incluyen ejemplos de implementación en el contexto mexicano, prestando especial atención a la informalidad laboral, con el fin de crear entornos de trabajo seguros y saludables.
This article analyzes work environments in Mexico, examining the relationship between current legislation (Federal Labor Law and Official Mexican Standards), its application, and the labor reality in terms of safety and well-being. A systematic review of the literature from the past decade was conducted, based on academic publications, government reports, and regulations extracted from specific databases using defined selection criteria. This review allowed for a comparison between Mexican legislation and international standards, highlighting their differences. The findings reveal legislative advancements but also point to deficiencies in supervision, resources, and training, as well as a high prevalence of psychosocial risks, particularly work-related stress. The study concludes with recommendations for a comprehensive strategy aimed at improving supervision, training, access to resources, and the promotion of corporate social responsibility. Implementation examples in the Mexican context are provided, with special attention to labor informality, to create safe and healthy work environments
Attachement au lieu de résidence, perception de la contrôlabilité des risques d’inondation et comportements de protection chez des populations Abidjanaises
Get PDFL’étude a pour objectif d’examiner l’influence de l’attachement au lieu de résidence et la perception de la contrôlabilité des risques sur les comportements de protection chez des populations vivant en zones inondables à Abidjan. 200 chefs de ménage, âgés de 40 à 75 ans du quartier Gonzacqueville, composés de 147 locataires et 53 propriétaires sont soumis à un questionnaire élaboré sur la base de l’échelle de comportement de protection de Lemme (2017) et du questionnaire d’évaluation de la perception des risques de Liu et al. (2022). Ce questionnaire prend également en compte l’attachement au lieu de résidence. Les résultats obtenus à l’aide du logiciel SPSS 20. 0 montrent que l’attachement au lieu de résidence détermine les comportements de protection chez des populations vivant dans les zones inondables à Abidjan. Ils indiquent également que lorsque les habitants du quartier Gonzacqueville ont un faible attachement à leur lieu de résidence et ne contrôle pas les risques d’inondation, ils mobilisent plus les stratégies centrées sur le problème comparativement à leurs pairs qui ont un fort attachement, contrôle les risques d’inondation et utilisent des stratégies de faire faces centrées sur les émotions. Ces résultats pourraient être exploités par les responsables des collectivités territoriales dans leur mise en place et accompagnement des mesures de protection destinées aux populations exposées aux risques d’inondation.
The aim of the study is to examine the influence of attachment to the place of residence and the perception of risk controllability on protection behaviors among populations living in flood-prone areas in Abidjan. 200 heads of household, aged 40 to 75, from the Gonzacqueville district, comprising 147 tenants and 53 homeowners, are subjected to a questionnaire developed on the basis of the protection behavior scale by Lemme (2017) and the risk perception assessment questionnaire by Liu et al. (2022). This questionnaire also takes into account attachment to the place of residence. Results obtained using SPSS 20.0 software show that attachment to the place of residence determines protective behaviors among populations living in flood-prone areas in Abidjan. They also indicate that when residents of the Gonzacqueville neighborhood have low attachment to their place of residence and do not control flood risks, they mobilize more problem-focused strategies compared to their peers who have high attachment, control flood risks and use emotion-focused coping strategies. These results could be put to good use by local and regional government officials in their implementation and support of protective measures for populations at risk of flooding
The Conscious Leader: Elevating Awareness and Intentionality in Organizations
Get PDFWe live in a complex and rapidly changing world, where leaders’ role becomes more and more critical for organizational success. Effective leaders are expected not only to manage subordinates and administer tasks, but they should be able to motivative, inspire and drive employees to achieve common goals. To achieve this, leader should have high self-awareness and ability to understand and sense people, situations, environment. This is called “Consciousness”, which is built from values, beliefs and behaviors. This article explores the concept of leadership consciousness and its importance in today’s uncertain and complex environment. It claims that leadership consciousness plays pivotal role in building organizations core values, beliefs and purpose. Values and beliefs primarily affect leaders’ actions and decisions. By studying leader’s values, beliefs and behaviors we can have deeper understanding of their leadership style and effectiveness. Every leader operated from the levels of their consciousness. It is interesting to explore how leadership consciousness is built and what it plays in leaders’ success. a comprehensive guide how leaders can evaluate their level of consciousness and identify development areas. Traditional leadership frameworks lack emphasis on personal development. Leaders’ inner development is the key to cultivating consciousness to become authentic leaders, being able to build trust, respect, common values and purpose. The article analyzes several theoretical frameworks that are aligned to the leadership consciousness: Richard Barrett's Seven Levels of Leadership Consciousness model, which suggests that leaders develop through seven hierarchical levels. Also, Ken Wilber's Integral Theory, the "Conscious Capitalism" framework, study on mindfulness and leadership, value-based leadership approaches, and the theory of "Quantum Leadership." The article provides the following key findings: importance of aligning personal and organizational values, the correlation between cultural entropy, employee engagement and productivity, and the practical application of Barrett's model for leader development. This article represents valuable insights for leaders, managers, human resources professionals and individuals to gain more insights on the importance and role of leadership consciousness for developing self, building successful teams and lead organizations effectively
Prediction of Hernia Formation or Cracking of Boiler Water Tubes due to Corrosion
Get PDFThis work is part of the preventive maintenance of steam power plant equipment and installations. In boiler water pipes, hernia formation, cracking and perforation are recurrent and occur when the thermal power plant is operating at full capacity. This damage is largely due to corrosion and thinning of the tube wall. When corrosion progresses, the thinning of the tubes progresses simultaneously. From a certain value of the wall thickness, under the effect of water/steam pressure, the tubes deform and burst. In such a situation, it is important to predict approximately when these damages will occur, so that appropriate maintenance measures can be undertaken. For this, we seek to determine the corrosion rate and stresses in the tubes due to water/steam pressure, with a view to finding the maximum time limit not to exceed when replacing the tubes. Among the various methods for determining corrosion rate, it is the method based on weight measurement that has attracted our attention. Tube coupons were taken from a corroded boiler tube and from a new tube of the same characteristics, thus avoiding a study over a very long period, since corrosion takes several years to produce its mechanical effects. Knowing the difference in weight between a coupon of the new tube and that of the corroded tube, and the time of exposure of the tubes until damage, it became easy to determine the corrosion rate. From the corrosion rate and the calculation of stresses in the corroded tube, the maximum time limit to be exceeded for replacing tubes was determined, that is a maximum operating period of 10 years. The tubes must be replaced, in preventive maintenance, before the end of this time limit to prevent the aforementioned damage