European Scientific Journal, ESJ
Not a member yet
14433 research outputs found
Sort by
From Reporting to Responsibility: Legal Innovations in Corporate Law and Governance under the examples of the EU's “Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD)”
Get PDFThe topic of this research is as practical as it is theoretical and cognitive. It is based on the example of the EU's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). The practical relevance of the research issue is considered in terms of global environmental, social, labour and governance issues, as well as regulatory issues, which have affected the entire EU and given rise to the need for a mechanism to protect corporations from inefficient outcomes and create a more transparent, accountable and sustainable corporate environment within the EU. In the modern digital era, companies have started to take action for sustainability after facing the failures of corporations to make efficient reporting efforts, which leads to poor risk management, increased costs and decreased innovation. However, it is obvious that the global community has not created the mechanisms that would vitally promote sustainable economic development over the last decade. In the paper Principles of Political Economy by the renowned English philosopher John Stuart Mill, we read that 'the most cogent reason for establishing a rule of conduct is that it promotes general happiness; it has been found to do so by experience, and that constitutes its title to be respected as a rule'. In order to improve transparency and accountability within companies, promote sustainable business practices, support informed decision-making and contribute to the EU's Green Deal, the EU consolidated the directive, the meaning of which is considered within the context of recent history (Guerman, 2021). The Volkswagen emissions scandal (also known as 'Dieselgate', 2015) revealed the problem of environmental degradation when it was discovered that the company had installed software in its diesel vehicles to cheat emissions tests. This allowed the cars to emit nitrogen oxides at levels up to 40 times higher than the legal limit. The scandal has highlighted the need for greater transparency and accountability in corporate environmental practices. Similarly, Amazon has faced ongoing criticism for its labour practices, including reports of harsh working conditions, inadequate breaks and high injury rates in its warehouses (Guerman, 2021). Repeated investigations and media reports have brought these issues to light, demonstrating the need for greater transparency and accountability in how companies treat their employees. However, the legal process is ongoing. In 2018, Facebook faced intense scrutiny following the Cambridge Analytica scandal, in which the personal data of millions of users was harvested without consent and used for political advertising. The lack of transparency in data handling practices and inadequate accountability measures were widely discussed, highlighting the need for more robust reporting and user privacy protection. These examples illustrate the diverse range of problems that corporations have faced, demonstrating the urgent need for the EU's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive. The dilemmas between 'reporting' and 'responsibilities' are evident in the market, and the legal and economic analysis of innovations in the corporate sustainability process is a fascinating area of research
Caractérisation pédoclimatique des principaux bassins de production de riz (Oryza sp) et évaluation des variétés de riz améliorées en République du Congo
Get PDFEn République du Congo, le recours aux importations massives de riz durant plusieurs années, permet de répondre aux besoins de la population. Mais, celui-ci constitue une charge considérable pour le pays en termes de sortie non moindre des devises. Des variétés améliorées de riz ont été introduites en 2014 par Africa-Rice et distribuées à la population locale pour faire face au déficit alimentaire. Divers travaux de recherche sont en cours de réalisation pour compléter et renforcer, les faiblesses relevées au sujet des rares réflexions antérieures menées sur cette culture. Pour cela, une connaissance approfondie s’impose sur les acteurs agricoles, les variétés améliorées et les zones appropriées pour le développement de cette culture. L’objet de cette étude, est d’évaluer le potentiel de production des variétés améliorées de riz introduites après avoir caractérisé les principaux bassins de production dans le pays. Des enquêtes participatives, ont été réalisées auprès de 1500 acteurs agricoles ayant bénéficié des variétés améliorées de riz et demeurant dans 60 villages, historiquement rizicoles du pays. De même, les expérimentations en milieu contrôlé, ont été mises en place courant 2016 et 2021 à la station de recherche de l’Institut National de Recherche Agronomique à Pointe-Noire. Il s’agit d’un bi-factoriel de 3 blocs, appliqué sur 7 variétés de riz contenant 63 pots de plants sous serre. Les résultats montrent que 1225 acteurs agricoles, sont très impliqués dans la culture de riz et celle-ci, peut être développée dans la quasi-totalité du pays. Aussi, la taille des plants de riz, est de 63,93 à 70,5 cm à maturité. Les rendements en grains, sont de 66,6 à 280,6 kg/ha (localité de Mboukou) contre 188,2 à 272 kg/ha (localité de Sibiti) et de 154,7 à 335 kg/ha (localité de Loudima). Ces résultats confirment l’existence d’une diversité écologique des sites favorables à la production de riz. Les rendements obtenus dans les trois bassins paraissent faibles et cela, peut se justifier par les exigences de la culture du riz en termes de productivité et des techniques culturales. Mais, les études portant sur l’effet des engrais minéraux sur les variétés de riz et celles, qui concernent leurs efficiences d’utilisation de l’eau sont d’une portée considérable pour le développement intensif de la riziculture dans le pays.
In the Republic of Congo, the reliance on massive rice imports over several years allows for meeting the needs of the population. However, this represents a considerable burden for the country in terms of significant foreign currency outflows. Improved varieties of rice were introduced in 2014 by Africa-Rice and distributed to the local population to address food deficits. Various research works are currently being conducted to complement and strengthen the weaknesses identified regarding the few prior reflections on this crop. To this end, a thorough knowledge of agricultural stakeholders, improved varieties, and appropriate areas for the development of this crop is essential. The purpose of this study is to assess the production potential of improved rice varieties introduced after characterizing the main production basins in the country. Participatory surveys were conducted with 1,500 agricultural stakeholders who had benefited from improved rice varieties and lived in 60 historically rice-growing villages in the country. Similarly, controlled environment experiments were conducted between 2016 and 2021 at the research station of the National Institute of Agronomic Research in Pointe-Noire. It consists of a bi-factorial design with 3 blocks, applied to 7 rice varieties containing 63 pots of seedlings in a greenhouse. The results show that 1225 agricultural stakeholders are highly involved in rice cultivation, which can be developed in almost the entire country. Also, the height of rice plants is from 63,93 to 70,5 cm at maturity. The grain yields range from 66,6 to 280,6 kg/ha (location of Mboukou) compared to 188,2 to 272 kg/ha (location of Sibiti) and from 154,7 to 335 kg/ha (location of Loudima). These results confirm the existence of ecological diversity of sites favorable for rice production. The yields obtained in the three basins seem low, which can be justified by the demands of rice cultivation in terms of productivity and cultivation techniques. However, studies on the effect of mineral fertilizers on rice varieties and those concerning their water use efficiency are of considerable importance for the intensive development of rice cultivation in the country
Malnutrition chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans au Bénin : facteurs associés à l'abandon du traitement au Centre Nutritionnel Thérapeutique de l’Hôpital de Zone Ordre de Malte de Djougou
Get PDFContexte: La malnutrition aiguë sévère (MAS) constitue un problème majeur de santé publique au Bénin, notamment dans le nord du pays, où les taux de prévalence dépassent les seuils d’alerte de l’OMS. Malgré l’existence de Centres Nutritionnels Thérapeutiques (CNT), l’abandon du traitement par les parents reste un obstacle important à la réussite de la prise en charge. Objectif: Identifier les facteurs associés à l’abandon du traitement de la malnutrition aiguë sévère chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans au CNT de l’Hôpital de Zone de Djougou. Méthodes: Une étude transversale analytique a été réalisée auprès de 53 enfants malnutris et leurs parents entre janvier et décembre 2023. Les données ont été collectées à partir des dossiers médicaux et d’un questionnaire administré aux parents. Une régression logistique binaire a permis d’identifier les facteurs associés à l’abandon du traitement. Résultats : Le taux d’abandon du traitement était de 35,84 %. Les principaux facteurs associés à l’abandon étaient : l’âge ≥ 25 ans des parents (OR = 6,71 ; p = 0,022), la résidence en milieu rural (OR = 12,18 ; p = 0,000), l’absence de revenu mensuel (OR = 20,4 ; p = 0,000), un mauvais niveau de connaissance sur la malnutrition (OR = 7,61 ; p = 0,008), les conditions de logement précaires (OR = 20,4 ; p = 0,000), et la distance au centre (>10 km) (OR = 23,61 ; p = 0,000). Conclusion: L’abandon du traitement de la MAS est influencé par une combinaison de facteurs économiques, géographiques, éducatifs et structurels. Des interventions intégrées, centrées sur les réalités locales et les populations les plus vulnérables, sont nécessaires pour améliorer la rétention dans les programmes de traitement et la survie des enfants malnutris.
Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) remains a major public health concern in Benin, particularly in the northern regions where prevalence rates exceed WHO alert thresholds. Despite the availability of Therapeutic Nutrition Centers (TNCs), treatment dropout by caregivers remains a significant barrier to effective management. Objective: To identify the factors associated with treatment dropout among children under five years of age with SAM at the Therapeutic Nutrition Center of the District Hospital of Djougou. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 53 malnourished children and their caregivers between January and December 2023. Data were collected from medical records and through structured interviews with parents. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with treatment dropout. Results: The treatment dropout rate was 35.84%. The main factors significantly associated with dropout were: parental age ≥ 25 years (OR = 6.71; p = 0.022), rural residence (OR = 12.18; p = 0.000), absence of monthly income (OR = 20.4; p = 0.000), poor knowledge about malnutrition (OR = 7.61; p = 0.008), precarious housing conditions (OR = 20.4; p = 0.000), and distance to the center greater than 10 km (OR = 23.61; p = 0.000). Conclusion: Treatment dropout in SAM cases is driven by a combination of economic, geographical, educational, and structural factors. Integrated interventions, tailored to local contexts and targeting the most vulnerable populations, are necessary to improve treatment retention and child survival outcomes
Dynamique de l’occupation et de la couverture du sol dans le bassin versant d’Ankavia, Antalaha, Nord-Est de Madagascar
Get PDFUn diagnostic environnemental en vue d’une gestion intégrée des ressources en eau dans le bassin versant d’Ankavia, District d’Antalaha, Région SAVA a été mené du janvier au juin 2019 afin de (1) suivre l’évolution temporelle d’occupation de trois sous-bassins versants, Ankaviabe, Sahafihitry et Antsahovy entre 1992-2015, (2) déterminer les causes et les conséquences des pressions (et des menaces) qui pèsent sur ces trois sous-bassins et (3) évaluer les forces, les faiblesses et les opportunités pour pouvoir faire face à ces pressions (menaces). La descente sur le terrain combinée aux enquêtes auprès de diverses entités à Antalaha a permis d’arriver à ces points. La réduction de la surface forestière à partir des années 2000-2005 a donné place aux paysages plus anthropogéniques comme Mosaïque de culture et la Mosaïque arborée. La conquête de nouvelle terre pour la riziculture pluviale (Tavy) associée à la croissance démographique galopante et non contrôlée est la principale cause de cette perte forestière. Le passage fréquent des cyclones violents précarise la vie socio-économique des habitants dans ces trois sous-bassins et attarde également la résilience de l’écosystème forestier dans la zone. La proximité de massif forestier Makira qui rend humide le climat dans le bassin versant et la présence d’un projet de recherche et de développement GIRE-SAVA (Gestion Intégrée des Ressources en Eau de la Région SAVA) constituent des forces et d’opportunités permettant de pallier les faiblesses liées à l’insuffisance des données socio-économiques sur la qualité et la quantité de l’eau ainsi qu’à l’insuffisance d’infrastructure d’assainissement et d’hygiène dans ce bassin. Cette analyse de forces/faiblesses/opportunités est essentiel afin d’arriver à une gestion intégrée de ce bassin versant d’Ankavia.
An environmental assessment for integrated water resource management in the Ankavia watershed, Antalaha District, SAVA Region, was conducted from January to June 2019 to (1) monitor the temporal changes in land use of three sub-watersheds, Ankaviabe, Sahafihitry, and Antsahovy between 1992 and 2015, (2) determine the causes and consequences of the pressures (and threats) affecting these three sub-watersheds, and (3) assess the strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities to address these pressures (and threats). Field survey combined with interviews among various entities in Antalaha enabled these objectives to be achieved. The reduction of forest area from 2000 to 2005 onward gave way to more anthropogenic landscapes such as agricultural mosaics and tree mosaics. The acquisition of new land for hill rice cultivation (Tavy) associated with uncontrolled population growth is the main cause of this forest loss. The frequent occurrence of violent cyclones weakens the socio-economic life of the inhabitants in these three sub-basins and also hinders the resilience of the forest ecosystem in the area. The proximity of the Makira forest massif, which creates a humid climate in the watershed, and the presence the GIRE-SAVA research and development project (Integrated Water Resource Management of the SAVA Region) constitute strengths and opportunities that can address the weaknesses related to the lack of socio-economic data on the quality and quantity of water, as well as the inadequacy of sanitation and hygiene infrastructure in this catchment. This strengths/weaknesses/opportunities analysis is essential to achieving integrated management of the Ankavia watershe
Repérage de quelques difficultés des élevés du secondaire scientifique dans l’enseignement des sciences physiques
Get PDFLa didactique des sciences constitue un champ de recherche majeur visant à améliorer la qualité de l’enseignement et à réduire les obstacles à l’apprentissage. En particulier, les sciences physiques occupent une place centrale dans le système éducatif, tant en raison de leur importance scientifique que de leur rôle dans le développement des compétences analytiques et expérimentales. Cette recherche explore les difficultés rencontrées par les élèves marocains du secondaire scientifique dans l’apprentissage des sciences physiques et leurs répercussions sur la transition vers l’enseignement supérieur. Bien que la physique soit une science fondamentale, elle reste l’une des disciplines les plus redoutées, contribuant largement aux échecs observés dans les filières scientifiques. L’étude repose sur une enquête par questionnaire à choix multiples administrée à un échantillon de 300 élèves issus de lycées publics et privés répartis dans différentes régions du Maroc. Les résultats montrent que si la majorité des élèves connaissent globalement les objectifs de l’enseignement des sciences physiques, près des deux tiers ignorent les modalités d’évaluation. Les difficultés d’apprentissage sont principalement attribuées aux méthodes pédagogiques utilisées et au faible volume horaire. Par ailleurs, les élèves considèrent la discipline comme centrée sur les examens plutôt que sur ses applications réelles, même s’ils reconnaissent généralement son utilité. Plus de la moitié des participants estiment néanmoins que certaines parties du programme préparent à la poursuite d’études universitaires. Concernant les enseignants, les élèves expriment une préférence pour les professeurs masculins mais reconnaissent que, dans l’ensemble, les enseignants déploient des efforts pour faciliter la compréhension des notions. Face à ces constats, plusieurs pistes sont proposées : réviser et alléger le programme pour le rendre plus adapté à la transition secondaire–supérieur, renforcer les séances pratiques en laboratoire, intégrer les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC), et favoriser une pédagogie plus interactive. La conclusion souligne deux priorités : développer la formation continue des enseignants et accroître le volume horaire consacré aux sciences physiques. Ce travail contribue à enrichir la réflexion sur la didactique des sciences au Maroc et appelle à une meilleure articulation entre enseignement secondaire et supérieur.
The didactics of science constitute a major field of research aimed at improving the quality of teaching and reducing barriers to learning. In particular, physics occupies a central place in the educational system, both because of its scientific importance and its role in the development of analytical and experimental skills. This study explores the difficulties faced by Moroccan secondary school students in learning physics and their impact on the transition to higher education. Although physics is a fundamental science, it remains one of the most feared disciplines, contributing significantly to the failures observed in scientific streams. The research is based on a multiple-choice questionnaire administered to a sample of 300 students from public and private high schools across different regions of Morocco. The findings show that while most students generally understand the objectives of physics education, nearly two-thirds are unaware of the assessment methods. Learning difficulties are mainly attributed to the teaching approaches used and the limited number of instructional hours. Furthermore, students perceive the discipline as exam-oriented rather than focused on real-life applications, even though they generally acknowledge its usefulness. More than half of the participants nonetheless believe that certain parts of the curriculum prepare them for university studies. Regarding teachers, students express a preference for male instructors but acknowledge that, overall, teachers make efforts to facilitate the understanding of concepts. In light of these observations, several recommendations are proposed: revising and streamlining the curriculum to make it more suitable for the secondary-to-higher education transition, strengthening laboratory practice sessions, integrating information and communication technologies (ICT), and fostering more interactive pedagogy. The conclusion highlights two priorities: developing continuous teacher training and increasing the number of instructional hours devoted to physics. This work contributes to enriching the reflection on science didactics in Morocco and calls for better alignment between secondary and higher education
The Role of Policy Innovation in Accelerating Green Bond Markets for Renewable Energy: Evidence from Emerging Economies
Get PDFThe transition toward renewable energy in emerging economies requires innovative financing instruments that can bridge investment gaps while ensuring sustainability. Among such instruments, green bonds have gained prominence as a critical mechanism to mobilize private and institutional capital for climate-related projects. However, the expansion of green bond markets in emerging regions such as Africa and Asia has faced structural and institutional constraints. This review article investigates the role of policy innovation in accelerating green bond markets for renewable energy, focusing on evidence from emerging economies. By systematically integrating insights from more than 80 academic and policy sources, the paper provides a comprehensive framework that links policy innovation, institutional capacity, market maturity, and renewable energy financing to the expansion of green bond issuance.
The study adopts a multi-method empirical synthesis, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, fixed effects regression, feasible generalized least squares (FGLS), and dynamic panel two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM). These approaches are complemented with robustness checks, sensitivity analyses, and sub-sample evaluations covering the 2007–2008 global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021). The results demonstrate that policy innovation exerts a strong positive effect on green bond issuance, both directly and indirectly, by strengthening institutional capacity, enhancing sovereign green bond credibility, and improving renewable energy financing channels. Furthermore, the analysis confirms that policy-driven instruments moderate the adverse effects of crises, thereby safeguarding renewable energy investment flows even during systemic shocks.
Key findings reveal that (i) policy innovation significantly improves the attractiveness and credibility of green bond markets; (ii) institutional capacity and governance quality serve as mediating and moderating channels; (iii) green bond issuance contributes to renewable energy expansion and long-term market maturity; and (iv) external shocks such as financial crises and pandemics reshape but do not eliminate the positive role of innovative policies. The study also highlights important regional contrasts, with Asia displaying faster institutional adaptation and Africa requiring greater regulatory harmonization to unlock potential.
This review contributes to both theory and practice by advancing a theoretical framework that integrates policy innovation with green finance and by offering empirical evidence that underscores the importance of regulatory adaptability in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). Policy implications emphasize the need for governments to design flexible, transparent, and credible green bond policies, while investors are encouraged to align portfolios with climate-resilient assets. The paper concludes that green bonds, underpinned by robust policy innovation, can serve as catalytic tools for financing renewable energy transitions in emerging economies
Framing the Decision: An Experimental Study of Managerial Judgments after Leadership Training
Get PDFThe present study aims to contribute to the interdisciplinary discourse within behavioural economics and managerial psychology by examining the role of cognitive biases in managerial decision-making. Specifically, it investigates the framing effect - an established cognitive heuristic - by exploring how identical market information presented in either a gain-oriented (positive) or loss-oriented (negative) frame influences managerial investment decisions differently. A fundamental objective of the present study is to examine the moderating effect of transformational leadership training in diminishing vulnerability to framing-induced distortions. A total of 45 managers employed by the university participated in the research study. All participants initially underwent a standardised four-hour training session focusing on the principles of transformational leadership. Participants were then randomly allocated to one of two experimental conditions. Each group was provided with investment scenarios of an identical nature, but with different informational framing: one emphasised potential gains (positive framing), while the other foregrounded potential risks and uncertainties (negative framing). Participants were then invited to respond to the following question: 'Should the company enter the market under these conditions?', and to provide a concise written rationale to support their response. The present study employs a mixed-methods experimental design, integrating quantitative and qualitative analytical approaches. Quantitative analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in decision outcomes between framing conditions (χ² ≈ 0.045, p > 0.05). However, a subsequent qualitative content analysis of the open-ended justifications revealed that participants' cognitive reasoning was markedly sensitive to the framing manipulation. The respondents who were exposed to positive framing predominantly employed opportunity-centric rationales, whereas those exposed to negative framing articulated risk-averse arguments. These findings are consistent with the theoretical propositions of prospect theory (Tversky & Kahneman, 1981) and the risk-as-feelings hypothesis (Loewenstein et al., 2001), both of which emphasise the interaction between cognitive heuristics and emotional responses in decision-making contexts. It is noteworthy that the absence of significant outcome variation may imply that transformational leadership training has mitigated the behavioural impact of framing. Thematic analysis suggests that there are nuanced shifts in cognitive processing and increased resilience to framing effects among trained participants. The study under discussion highlights the importance of cognitive framing in shaping managerial judgements and the potential of leadership-oriented cognitive interventions to mitigate such biases. The present study makes a novel contribution to the extant literature on behavioural decision-making, executive cognition and leadership development within organisational contexts
AI and Cyber-Enabled Threats to Democracy through Algorithmic Manipulation and Generative AI in Undermining Democratic Integrity
Get PDFThe increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into digital platforms has escalated threats to democratic integrity worldwide, primarily through algorithmic manipulation, generative AI technologies, and large language models (LLMs). This study comprehensively investigates how these advanced technologies are systematically leveraged by state and non-state actors to destabilise democracies. The paper scrutinises empirical cases from the United States, European Union, India, Türkiye, Argentina, and Taiwan, analysing the operational mechanisms and socio-political implications of AI-driven disinformation. Findings demonstrate how generative AI, deepfake technologies, and sophisticated behavioural targeting exacerbate polarisation, weaken institutional trust, and distort electoral processes. Despite the growing prevalence of such cyber-enabled interference, regulatory and institutional responses remain fragmented and inadequate. Consequently, this research culminates in proposing a robust strategic implementation framework, emphasising platform transparency, regulatory innovation, technological safeguards, and civic resilience measures
Etat de connaissances de Banana Bunchy top Virus (BBTV) : Synthèse bibliographique
Get PDFBanana bunchy top virus (BBTV) est l’un des virus les plus destructeurs des bananiers, causant Banana bunchy top desease (BBTD). Il entraîne des pertes économiques importantes et constitue une menace pour la sécurité alimentaire dans plusieurs régions du monde. Cette étude fait le point sur les connaissances actuelles du BBTV. La méthodologie utilisée a consisté à faire une synthèse de la revue bibliographique du BBTV. Il ressort de cette étude que le BBTV appartient à la famille des Nanoviridae, genre Babuvirus. Il est composé d’un ADN monocatenaire constitué de 6 à 10 molécules ADN codant chacune pour une protéine ayant un rôle important dans le fonctionnement du virus. Il affecte toutes les parties du bananier, notamment les feuilles, le pseudotronc et les rejets, provoquant un nanisme de la plante, des stries vert foncé, des feuilles dressées comme un bouquet de fleur. Il peut occasionner des pertes allant jusqu’à 80 à 100% de production de la banane. Le BBTV est transmis principalement par un puceron, Pentalonia nigronervosa, qui transmet le virus de manière persistante et circulante. Son hôte principal est Musa spp., bien que d'autres plantes comme Enset spp puissent être affectées. Il se propage principalement par le puceron et le matériel de plantation conventionnel notamment les bulbes et les rejets qui contribuent à l’expansion de la maladie. Le BBTV peut être détecté par différentes techniques telles que les méthodes d’observations visuelles, sérologiques et moléculaires. Le virus est présent dans près de 53 pays dans le monde. Avec une incidence de 38% pour l’Afrique, 32% pour l’Asie; 28% pour l’Océanie et 2% pour l’Amérique. Il existe deux principaux groupes phylogénétiques : le groupe Pacifique-Océan Indien (PIO) et le groupe Asie du Sud Est (SEA. Pour protéger la culture du bananier, des mesures de gestion du BBTV peuvent être mise en place à plusieurs niveaux : (1) L’élimination des plants infectés pour éviter la propagation. (2) ; l’utilisation de matériel végétal sain et certifié ; (3) La lutte contre le puceron vecteur, (4) La recherche de variétés résistantes par sélection génétique ou biotechnologie. Au Gabon, le virus est signalé mais reste peu étudié, rendant nécessaires des recherches locales pour évaluer son impact et développer des stratégies de gestion adaptées. Les études menées dans ce pays ont révélé la présence du virus sur les 8 parmi les 9 provinces du Gabon.
Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is one of the most destructive viruses affecting banana plants, causing Banana bunchy top disease (BBTD). It causes significant economic losses and poses a threat to food security in several regions of the world. This study reviews current knowledge of BBTV. The methodology used consisted of synthesizing the literature review. BBTV. This study shows that BBTV belongs to the Nanoviridae family, genus Babuvirus. It is composed of single-stranded DNA consisting of 6 to 10 DNA molecules, each encoding a protein that plays an important role in the functioning of the virus. It affects all parts of the banana plant, particularly the leaves, pseudostem, and suckers, causing dwarfism, dark green streaks, and leaves that stand upright like a bouquet of flowers. It can cause losses of up to 80-100% of banana production. BBTV is transmitted mainly by an aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa, which transmits the virus persistently and circulantly. Its main host is Musa spp., although other plants such as Enset spp. may be affected. It spreads mainly through aphids and conventional planting material, particularly bulbs and suckers, which contribute to the spread of the disease. BBTV can be detected by various techniques such as visual, serological, and molecular methods. The virus is present in nearly 53 countries worldwide, with an incidence of 38% in Africa, 32% in Asia, 28% in Oceania, and 2% in the Americas. There are two main phylogenetic groups: the Pacific-Indian Ocean (PIO) group and the Southeast Asia (SEA) group. To protect banana crops, BBTV management measures can be implemented at several levels: (1) Elimination of infected plants to prevent spread. (2) Use of healthy, certified plant material. (3) Control of the aphid vector; (4) Research into resistant varieties through genetic selection or biotechnology. In Gabon, the virus has been reported but remains poorly studied, making local research necessary to assess its impact and develop appropriate management strategies. Studies have revealed the presence of the virus in eight of the nine provinces in Gabon
Analyse de la contribution de la CAPAD (Confédération des Associations des Producteurs Agricoles pour le Développement) à l'amélioration du bien-être des agriculteurs : cas de la coopérative Dufashanye en commune Isare, province de Bujumbura
Get PDFL’amélioration du bien-être des producteurs est une véritable préoccupation de tous les acteurs du développement en général et de la République du BURUNDI en particulier. Au Burundi, les producteurs agricoles vivent dans des conditions difficiles. Ils figurent parmi les gens pauvres avec un revenu par tête très faible malgré différentes actions menées par la CAPAD. Cette étude menée sur 54 membres de la coopérative Dufashanye, sélectionnés en utilisant la technique d’échantillonnage d’Alain Bouchard, montre le rôle de la CAPAD dans l’amélioration du bien-être des producteurs agricoles de la Province de Bujumbura. Les chercheurs formulent des recommandations pour une amélioration effective du bien être des producteurs. Elle montre spécifiquement les raisons de la persistance de la pauvreté chez les membres de la Coopérative Dufashanye et définit les voies et moyens à mettre en œuvre pour améliorer le bien-être des producteurs agricoles membres de la Coopérative Dufashanye de la Commune Isare. Pour mener à bien cette étude, nous avons opté pour la méthode qualitative avec l’aide du guide d’interview et la méthode quantitative via le questionnaire administré directement par le chercheur auprès des membres de coopérative Dufashanye. Après analyse, cette étude a révélé que la persistance de la pauvreté chez les membres de la coopérative Dufashanye de la commune Isare est liée à la non intégration de nouvelles méthodes culturales, manque des techniques de conservation et de transformation et le manque de collaboration. La contribution de la CAPAD n’a pas abouti à l’amélioration du bien-être des producteurs agricoles de la commune Isare. Pour ce, certaines recommandations ont été formulées notamment la modernisation de l’agriculture pour la rendre plus productive, l’implantation des industries de conservation, de transformation et la collaboration des acteurs dans le domaine agricole.
Improving the well-being of producers is a real concern of all development actors in general and of the Republic of BURUNDI in particular. In Burundi, agricultural producers live in difficult conditions. They are among the poor people with a very low per capita income despite various actions carried out by CAPAD. This study, conducted on 54 members of the Dufashanye cooperative, selected using Alain Bouchard's sampling technique, shows the role of CAPAD in improving the well-being of agricultural producers in the Province of Bujumbura. The researchers make recommendations for an effective improvement in the well-being of producers. It specifically shows the reasons for the persistence of poverty among members of the Dufashanye Cooperative and defines the ways and means to be implemented to improve the well-being of agricultural producers who are members of the Dufashanye Cooperative in the Isare Commune. To carry out this study, we opted for the qualitative method with the help of the interview guide and the quantitative method via the questionnaire administered directly by the researcher to the members of the Dufashanye cooperative. After analysis, this study revealed that the persistence of poverty among the members of the Dufashanye cooperative in the Isare commune is linked to the non-integration of new cultivation methods, lack of conservation and processing techniques and lack of collaboration. The contribution of CAPAD did not result in improving the well-being of agricultural producers in the Isare commune. For this, certain recommendations were formulated, in particular the modernization of agriculture to make it more productive, the establishment of conservation and processing industries and the collaboration of stakeholders in the agricultural field