European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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Etude de la co-circulation des virus Grippaux et SARSCoV-2 dans les sites sentinelles d’Infection Respiratoire Aigüe Sévère de la Grippe en République de Guinée
Get PDFCette étude transversale, menée du 23 juillet 2023 au 23 juillet 2024, a évalué la co-circulation des virus grippaux et du SARS-CoV-2 dans les sites sentinelles d'Infections Respiratoires Aigües Sévères (IRAS) en Guinée. Sur 639 patients inclus, 8,29 % (53 patients) étaient positifs aux virus recherchés, avec une dominance des virus grippaux (66,03 %) par rapport au SARS-CoV-2 (33,96 %). Parmi les virus grippaux, les sous-types H3N2 (77,77 % des cas de grippe A) et B Victoria (100 % des cas de grippe B) étaient les plus fréquents. La tranche d'âge des 0-2 ans était la plus touchée (54,30 % des cas), suivie des 15-50 ans (18,78 %). Aucune différence significative n'a été observée entre les sexes ou les issues d'hospitalisation. Les résultats ont révélé des périodes distinctes de circulation virale : le SARS-CoV-2 était présent presque toute l'année avec un pic en décembre 2023, tandis que les virus grippaux circulaient principalement durant les saisons pluvieuses. Des co-circulations simultanées des virus grippaux et du SARS-CoV-2 ont été documentées, notamment en juillet, septembre et décembre 2023. Le site de Maférinyah a enregistré le taux de positivité le plus élevé (15,57 %), contre 5,56 % à Ignace Deen. Cette étude confirme la persistance du SARS-CoV-2 et sa co-circulation avec les virus grippaux en Guinée, soulignant l'importance d'une surveillance intégrée pour anticiper les risques épidémiques et guider les politiques de santé publique. Les enfants de moins de 2 ans restent particulièrement vulnérables, justifiant des mesures préventives ciblées.
This cross-sectional study, conducted from 23 July 2023 to 23 July 2024, assessed the co-circulation of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 in sentinel sites of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) in Guinea. Of the 639 patients included, 8.29% (53 patients) were positive for the viruses, with a predominance of influenza viruses (66.03%) compared with SARS-CoV-2 (33.96%). Among the influenza viruses, subtypes H3N2 (77.77% of cases of influenza A) and B3N2 (77.77% of cases of influenza B) predominated. influenza A cases) and B Victoria (100% of influenza B cases) were the most common most frequent. The 0-2 age group was most affected (54.30% of cases), followed by the cases), followed by the 15-50 age group (18.78%). No significant differences were between the sexes or hospitalization outcomes. The results revealed distinct periods of viral circulation: SARS-CoV-2 was present almost all year round, with a peak in December 2023, while influenza viruses circulated mainly during the rainy seasons. Simultaneous co-circulations of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 were documented, notably in July, September and December 2023. The Maférinyah site recorded the highest positive rate (15.57%), compared with 5.56% at Ignace Deen. This study confirms the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 and its co-circulation with influenza viruses in Guinea, underlining the importance of integrated surveillance to anticipate epidemic risks and guide public health policies. Children under the age of 2 remain particularly vulnerable, justifying targeted preventive measures
Upscaling Corporate Governance Principles for Performance of National Sports Federations in Kenya and Beyond
Get PDFThe sports industry in Kenya continues to grow swiftly and emerge as a vibrant and crowd-pulling phenomenon. However, few studies have been conducted on the critical topic of corporate governance principles and the performance of national sports federations. Thus, the research focused on determining the effect of corporate governance principles on National Sports Federations’ performance in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The objectives included evaluating the effects of transparency, accountability, sustainability, and integrity on National Sports Federations’ performance in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study variables were anchored in the Stewardship theory, Balanced Scorecard theory, and Stakeholder theory. The research utilized both secondary and primary data. The research utilized a descriptive research design to collect data from a sample of 145 federation members: Head of National Team Coaches, Assistant National Team Coaches, and Technical Directors. Semi-structured questionnaires were utilized for data collection. Self-administered Questionnaires were utilized, employing the drop-off and later pick-up approach. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Quantitative data collected was analyzed using multiple regression, descriptive analysis, and Correlation analysis. The study found that accountability, transparency, integrity, and sustainability have a significant positive relationship with the performance of national sports federations in Nairobi City County. Further findings reveal that increased service delivery, customer feedback, employee satisfaction, and financial performance of national sports federations indicate performance. This study recommends the formation of clear corporate governance policies that raise sustainable development in the Kenya sporting sector, federation members to adopt continuous training on best practices of corporate governance, utilize digital platforms for governance practices, national and county government to establish measurable performance indicators to be adopted by national sports federations, consistent monitoring, and evaluation of these performance indicators. These recommendations will help both the national sports federations and the government to increase transparency, accountability, sustainability, and integrity in the sports industry in Kenya
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing IT Governance in Saudi Arabia: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions
Get PDFSaudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 aims to transform the Kingdom into a knowledge-based economy by promoting technological innovation and increasing transparency in public administration. In support of this vision, the National Strategy for Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI), led by the Saudi Data and AI Authority (SDAIA), seeks to position Saudi Arabia as a global leader in AI by 2030. This study explores the potential of AI to enhance IT governance within the Saudi context. Drawing on established theoretical frameworks and a structured research methodology, the paper reviews AI adoption across key sectors to contextualize its current trajectory. The analysis highlights areas where AI can improve governance mechanisms and identifies key barriers to implementation, including institutional, technical, and regulatory challenges. The study concludes with strategic recommendations to guide policymakers and practitioners in leveraging AI to strengthen IT governance across the Kingdom
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in a Hospital Setting in Chad: A Study of 85 Cases
Get PDFIntroduction: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic inflammatory rheumatism in children. It remains poorly studied in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary features of JIA in a rheumatology department in Chad. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study involving 85 cases of JIA collected from January 2020 to September 2024. Demographic, clinical, biological, therapeutic, and follow-up data were analyzed. Results: Among 111 systemic disease cases, 85 were JIA. The mean age at disease onset was 11.2 years with a female-to-male ratio of 2.4. The most common forms were enthesitis-related arthritis (30.6%), RF-negative polyarthritis (30.6%), and oligoarthritis (18.8%). The average diagnostic delay was 4.2 years. The most frequent extra-articular manifestations were uveitis (15.3%) and lymphadenopathy (5.9%). Treatment included NSAIDs, corticosteroids, methotrexate, and etanercept in four cases. Three deaths were recorded. Outcomes were favorable in most cases, as assessed by CHAQ and JADAS scores. Conclusion: JIA is the most frequent pediatric systemic disease in our setting. Diagnosis remains delayed and access to innovative therapies is limited. Early diagnosis and structured follow-up should be strengthened
Niveau de contamination des produits maraîchers par les métaux lourds issus des décharges sauvages dans le district d’Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)
Get PDFL'intoxication alimentaire, qui peut affecter l'activité des reins et le système endocrinien chez l'homme, est causée par la contamination des aliments par les métaux lourds. Cette étude a été réalisée pour améliorer la sécurité alimentaire en Côte d'Ivoire. Elle a permis de montrer les risques encourus par les consommateurs des cultures maraîchères pratiquées près des décharges sauvages. Des échantillons de sols (sols des décharges sauvages et sols des parcelles de cultures maraîchères) et de produits maraîchers (feuilles de basilic, d’oignon, de laitue et tubercules de manioc) prélevés dans le district d’Abidjan (Abobo Akeikoi village, Bingerville Bingerack city, Cocody M’Pouto village et Port-Bouët 43ème Bima) ont été analysés par la méthode de dosage par spectrophotométrie d’absorption atomique. Les analyses ont montré que les sols des décharges sauvages des sites étudiés ont été pollués par plusieurs métaux (fer, cuivre, zinc, manganèse, sélénium, arsenic, plomb, cadmium, chrome, nickel et cobalt). Les feuilles de basilic, les feuilles de laitue et les tubercules de manioc ont quant à eux été contaminés par le plomb, le cadmium et le nickel. Seules les feuilles d’oignon ont été contaminées par le plomb. Ainsi, la consommation de produits maraîchers issus de sites non contaminés serait une solution pour réduire les risques d’intoxication et de maladies.
Food poisoning, which can affect kidney activity and the endocrine system in humans, is caused by the contamination of food by heavy metals. This study was carried out to improve food safety in Côte d'Ivoire. It demonstrated the risks to consumers of market garden crops grown near unauthorised landfill sites. Samples of soil (soil from uncontrolled dumps and soil from market garden produce plots) and market garden produce (basil leaves, onions, lettuce and cassava tubers) taken in the Abidjan district (Abobo Akeikoi village, Bingerville Bingerack city, Cocody M'Pouto village and Port-Bouët 43rd Bima) were analysed using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry assay method. The analyses showed that the soil from the uncontrolled dumps at the sites studied was polluted by several metals (iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel and cobalt). Basil leaves, lettuce leaves and manioc tubers were contaminated with lead, cadmium and nickel. Only onion leaves were contaminated with lead. Consumption of market garden produce from uncontaminated sites would therefore be a solution to reducing the risks of poisoning and illness
The Female Dimension of the Board of Directors and its Impact on Firm Value: A Narrative Review
Get PDFThis paper aims to study the existing relationship between the female dimension of the board of directors and its impact on firm value. It is essential to stop and focus on why it is crucial to create value inside companies. The board of directors is the centre where major business decisions are made. The future success or failure of the company depends on the decisions that directors make today. The idea of the future companies comes from the board of directors. From here, we understand the importance of profoundly reading the mechanisms that govern this organization. If we analyse the etymological sense of the term “value,” we consider everything worthy of being considered: economic benefits, but not only. In recent years, corporate culture has been a discriminating factor when the economic crisis has led companies to exercise resilience actions. The COVID-19 pandemic and the international unrest then questioned how to do business. The market scenarios in which companies operate have changed. One element that made the difference was the mental flexibility of administrators. During these years, the company culture has made a difference. We provided a critical and narrative review of the most significant academic research papers and texts dedicated to studying the culture of women’s enterprises. The database that was used for the search is Scopus. The study was conducted to offer a new key to reading these phenomena
Evolution du faible poids de naissance chez les enfants de 0 à 35 mois au Burkina Faso : Apport de la décomposition d’Oaxaca-Blinder
Get PDFAu Burkina Faso, le faible poids de naissance constitue un problème majeur de santé publique. Bien qu'une baisse de 16,67 % ait été observée entre 2010 et 2021, les facteurs expliquant cette évolution restent peu documentés. Cet article vise à combler cette lacune en identifiant les sources de l’évolution du faible poids de naissance chez les enfants de 0 à 35 mois au Burkina Faso au cours de cette période. Pour y parvenir, nous avons utilisé les données provenant des quatrième et cinquième passages de l’Enquête Démographique et de Santé du Burkina Faso. En outre, nous avons recouru à des tests de proportion et à la décomposition multivariée d’Oaxaca Blinder au seuil de 10 %. Les résultats montrent que le faible poids de naissance a baissé significativement entre 2010 et 2021, passant de 12,36 % à 10,78 %. Cette baisse est due à 122,02 % à un effet de composition. Plus particulièrement, ce sont les changements dans les proportions des naissances de deuxième rang (1,72 %), de troisième ou quatrième rang (47,98 %), des mères en surpoids ou obèses (18,79 %) et des naissances gémellaires (2,96 %) qui ont impulsé cette baisse. Les changements dans les proportions des résidents en milieu urbain et des mères primipares ont plutôt eu des effets inverses, -10,01 % et -7,41 % respectivement. Cela souligne la nécessité d'une approche holistique dans la lutte contre le faible poids de naissance en privilégiant les interventions structurelles tout en maintenant la qualité des soins de santé.
In Burkina Faso, low birth weight is a major public health problem. Although a decline of 16.67% was observed between 2010 and 2021, the factors explaining this evolution remain poorly documented. This article aims to fill this gap by identifying the sources of the evolution of low birth weight among children aged 0 to 35 months in Burkina Faso during this period. To achieve this, we used data from the fourth and fifth rounds of the Burkina Faso Demographic and Health Survey. In addition, we employed proportion tests and the multivariate Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition at the 10% significance level. The results show that low birth weight significantly decreased between 2010 and 2021, dropping from 12.36% to 10.78%. This decline is attributable, to the extent of 122.02%, to a composition effect. More specifically, changes in the proportions of second-order births (1.72%), third- or fourth-order births (47.98%), mothers who are overweight or obese (18.79%), and twin births (2.96%) have driven this decline. In contrast, changes in the proportions of urban residents and first-time mothers had inverse effects, -10.01% and -7.41%, respectively. This underscores the need for a holistic approach in combating low birth weight by prioritizing structural interventions while maintaining the quality of healthcare
From Immanence to Becoming: Beauvoir, Nietzsche, and the Feminist Monologue in The Patience Stone
Get PDFThe article explores the feminist existentialist dimensions of Atiq Rahimi’s The Patience Stone (2008), situating the unnamed female protagonist’s radical monologue within a broader philosophical lineage that includes Simone de Beauvoir and Friedrich Nietzsche. Drawing on Beauvoir’s The Ethics of Ambiguity (2004) and Nietzsche’s The Gay Science (1974) the stusy frames the woman’s struggle against immanence and patriarchal silencing as a philosophical revolt. Beauvoir’s humanist existentialism provides a lens for understanding the protagonist’s resistance to passive identity, while Nietzsche’s concept of revaluation of values illuminates her defiant articulation of desire, trauma, and agency. The protagonist’s transformation from passive to self-authoring entity echoes Nietzschean call to transcenf herd morality and affirm the self through creative resistance. By bridging Beauvoir’s ethics with Nietzsche’s radical critique of moral normativity, this study argues that The Patience Stone stages a feminist revolt that is both existential and genealogical - dismantling inherited structures of meaning while forging new modes of becoming. Ultimately, enacts a philosophical drama of voice, vulnerability, and value creation in a context where silence has long been mistaken for virtue
The Implementation of Teaching Models and the Use of Common ICT Tools for Scientific Literacy in Greece’s Second
Get PDFIntroduction: In recent decades, numerous studies conducted both in Greece and worldwide highlight the lack of student interest in the natural sciences, which contributes to a broader crisis in scientific literacy - including the knowledge, attitudes, and skills associated with it. Therefore, the search for appropriate teaching models, combined with the use of ICT in the educational process - particularly in the field of adult education, including Second Chance Schools (SCS) - has become a modern educational objective. Purpose: To study and statistically analyze the teaching approaches and ICT tools incorporated into their instruction by Scientific Literacy educators in Greece’s SCS, in comparison to their demographic and professional characteristics. Method: The research employed a structured questionnaire distributed via email to Scientific Literacy educators in SCS across Greece. The survey focused on three main research question groups. Using factor analysis, correlations among variables were explored, and the most significant ones were further analyzed using the chi-square test.
Results:
6% of SCS Scientific Literacy educators use the “collaborative teaching” model, with 55.3% of them aged 36–45 (p<0.01).
The “experimental teaching” model is avoided by 76.3% of female educators (p<0.05), 84.6% of educators under 35 (p<0.01), and 100% of those with little or no teaching experience (0–3 years) (p<0.05).
4% of educators apply inquiry-based teaching; of these, 33.3% are second-subject educators (p<0.01).
Of the 39.4% who apply collaborative learning, 55.3% are aged 36–45 (p<0.05).
7% of educators with minimal or no teaching experience do not use project-based learning (p<0.05).
5% of educators use computers daily, with 56.3% being second-subject educators.
1% do not use interactive whiteboards, 72.7% of whom are physicists, chemists, or second-subject educators (p<0.05).
8% frequently use the Internet, and 38.1% of those who frequently use educational software apply differentiated instruction (p<0.05).
7% use ICT tools primarily for lesson demonstrations. Of the 47.0% who use ICT to support traditional teaching, 67.7% apply the “traditional teaching” model (p<0.01).
3% of the 34.8% who use experimental teaching use ICT tools for simulation experiments (p<0.01).
Conclusion: The majority of Scientific Literacy educators in Greece’s SCS do not prefer experimental teaching and mainly use ICT tools for demonstration purposes