European Scientific Journal, ESJ
Not a member yet
14433 research outputs found
Sort by
Using Trolls and Bots in Social Media: Propagandistic Influence on Public Opinion: A Literature Review
Get PDFIn recent years, the spread of various forms of misinformation, including fake news, rumors, and conspiracy theories, has increased. One of the primary ways misinformation spreads is through trolls and bots. Trolls are real users, while bots are automated, but both influence society in similar ways. However, they differ in the degree of harm they cause-some are highly damaging, while others have a lesser impact. One significant use of these entities is in propaganda. This paper focuses on analyzing propaganda theories in relation to society and its behaviors. Media has become a focal point in propaganda theories, as theorists have examined the influence of media content on society. The study aims to determine the impact of fake accounts on social media and explore strategies for managing trolls and bots. Key research areas include understanding how misinformation spreads, how people perceive it, and how detection methods can be improved. The relevance of this research stems from the expansive nature of social media, which serves as a vehicle for propagandistic tactics employed by trolls and bots. The study adopts a qualitative research approach, relying primarily on literature review and theoretical analysis. It draws upon existing research, theories, and findings to build its argument, referencing various studies on misinformation, fake accounts, propaganda theories, and the role of bots and trolls in media manipulation. To provide a strong theoretical framework, the study incorporates theories such as Lasswell’s propaganda theory, modern propaganda theories, and the theory of informational autocracy. Additionally, it discusses previous studies on misinformation, including research on disinformation detection, cognitive biases, and propaganda’s effects on public opinion
Green Marketing: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis and Current Trends
Get PDFIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in green marketing research that can be traced through the abundance of published literature on the topic. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive and systematic research focusing on the evolution of this field. The main objective of this paper was to consolidate the state-of-the-art research on green marketing through a bibliometric study of articles published from 2014 to 2024 and to analyze and present the results. According to the research it was found out that green marketing is a trend nowadays and its citation index, as well as several articles, is growing rapidly. The analysis shows that sustainability-focused topics such as green marketing, sustainable development, and consumption behavior are on the rise, with key discussions peaking around 2022. These trends are reshaping industries and consumer habits. While supply chain management and decision-making may have started earlier, the overall picture reveals a growing commitment to sustainability that is becoming central to business strategies and consumer choices. This trend is likely to continue, and the focus on sustainability will only become more important in the coming years
Exploring Prevalence and Implications of Burnout Among Nurse Practitioners in Canada
Get PDFIntroduction: Nurse Practitioners are experiencing unprecedented levels of burnout which is exacerbated by factors unique to this professional group. Additional factors include undervalued professional worth, lack of autonomy, and organizational and systems pressures. This study was conducted to explore NP Burnout in Canada. Methods: The NP Burnout Survey, which was designed to capture the unique factors impacting NP burnout, was delivered to 229 NPs across Canada. Responses underwent descriptive and binomial logistic regression analysis. Results: More than one-third of NPs are experiencing high levels of burnout. NPs with high burnout are 17 times more likely to leave their position and 66 times more likely to leave the profession. Conclusion: Urgent attention and viable solutions are required to mitigate NP’s exodus from the profession. Addressing the issues impacting NP burnout will ensure that this profession will meet its full potential in Canada’s healthcare system
Digital Linguistic Markers of Emotions during the September 2024 Hostilities in Lebanon: A Case Study in Communication Arts Course at a University Level in Southern Lebanon
Get PDFLanguage and emotions are intricate systems that have several interactions. Amid the expeditious spread of digitalization and the upswing of various international issues, this case study seeks to explore how students at the Lebanese University in the South utilize language on social media to convey their emotions as of the 2024 clashes and airstrikes in Lebanon. Further, it aims to identify digital linguistic markers that reflect key emotional states and social identity. Drawing on discourse analysis, which acknowledges language as a dynamic system influenced by shared experiences, values, and beliefs, and notably, by Conceptual Act Theory, which explores how meaning is constructed from experiences and perceptions, and on sentiment analysis, a mixed-methods approach is employed. A convenient sampling of (191) university EFL students taking the Communication Arts module during the fall of 2024-2025 completed an online survey of 15 multiple-choice and Likert scale items. Twelve students joined a focus group discussion, and 155 out of 191 participants interacted on the web-based application Padlet. The findings show that utilizing language in the context of social media platforms through words, emojis, hashtags, slogans, or posting articles, images, or videos plays a vital role not only in channeling positive and negative sentiments but also in signaling belonging to a collective identity during times of crisis in Lebanon. The overall analysis indicated that using various linguistic practices on social media platforms communicates positive and negative emotions and upholds social norms and ideologies
Evaluating Biological Risks in Biomedical Laboratories of Primary Health Care
Get PDFBiomedical laboratories within primary health care centers are vital for the detection, diagnosis, and management of diseases. However, handling diagnostic samples poses significant biological risks, particularly when biosafety measures are insufficient. This study focuses on analyzing the biological risks in 35 BSL-2 biomedical laboratories situated in health facilities across Athens, Greece, by examining compliance with biosafety regulations, awareness of personnel safety, and practices related to biorisk management. A cross-sectional survey was conducted by combining a customized checklist and a structured health and safety questionnaire, both have been created from the existing literature including the international biosafety guidelines (BMBL 6th ed., WHO Biosafety Program Management, 2020). An expert biorisk management advisor performed on-site evaluations, while 158 laboratory staff members filled out anonymous questionnaires concerning biosafety practices. Findings indicate widespread deficiencies in biosafety culture and risk management. Key gaps were identified in engineering controls (such as restricted access and safety equipment), administrative controls (including risk assessments, standard operating procedures, biosafety manuals, biosafety officers, and ongoing training), personal protective equipment (PPE policies), and emergency preparedness (such as incident reporting, response plans, and occupational health services). Many laboratories failed to meet international biosafety standards set by the WHO, CDC, and ECDC, highlighting the need for urgent improvements. To mitigate these risks, the study recommends the adoption of comprehensive Biorisk Management Systems, enhanced biosafety training, and stricter enforcement of national and European biosafety regulations. Strengthening these measures is essential to protect the laboratory staff, the surrounding community, and the environment from potential biological threats and lab-acquired infections
Analyse des systèmes de production du Riz dans la région de GAO
Get PDFLa région de Gao est l'une des régions du nord du Mali où la riziculture est la plus pratiquée. Malgré l'énorme potentiel de riz semé, la production rizicole diminue d'année en année dans la région de Gao. L'objectif de cette étude est de mener une analyse économique des systèmes de production rizicole dans la région de Gao. Le but est d'évaluer la performance des systèmes de production et d'évaluer les préférences des producteurs en matière de systèmes de production. Cette étude a été menée dans la région de Gao auprès de 253 agriculteurs avec une marge d'erreur de 6 %. La méthodologie a utilisé des approches de recherche qualitatives et quantitatives intégrées. Les données ont été collectées auprès des riziculteurs et des services techniques. L'étude montre que le système de production le plus répandu est la riziculture en inondation. Elle est adoptée par une large majorité, 74 % des riziculteurs. Le rendement et le revenu net varient selon la variété et le système de production : en maîtrise totale, les variétés améliorées produisent un rendement moyen de 1 780 kg/ha avec un revenu net de 421 378 francs CFA/ha ; En submersion contrôlée, les variétés améliorées atteignent 1 730 kg/ha et 418 828 francs CFA/ha, contre 1 359 kg/ha et 2 00 071 francs CFA/ha pour les variétés locales. En submersion non contrôlée, seules les variétés locales sont utilisées, avec un rendement moyen de 1 331 kg/ha et un revenu net de 189 655 francs CFA/ha. L'indicateur de rentabilité montre que les variétés améliorées sont rentables, contrairement aux variétés locales qui ne le sont pas.
The Gao region is one of the regions in northern Mali where rice cultivation is most widely practiced. Despite the enormous potential for sown rice, rice production is declining year after year in the Gao region. The objective of this study is to conduct an economic analysis of rice production systems in the Gao region. The aim is to evaluate the performance of production systems and assess producers' preferences regarding production systems. This study was conducted in the Gao region with 253 farmers with a margin of error of 6%. The methodology used integrated qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Data were collected from rice farmers and technical services. The study shows that the most widespread production system is free-flooding rice cultivation. It is adopted by a significant majority, 74% of rice farmers. Yield and net income vary depending on the variety and production system: under total control, improved varieties produce an average yield of 1,780 kg/ha with a net income of 421,378 CFA francs/ha; under controlled submersion, improved varieties achieve 1,730 kg/ha and 418,828 CFA francs/ha, compared to 1,359 kg/ha and 2,00,071 CFA francs/ha for local varieties. Under uncontrolled submersion, only local varieties are used, with an average yield of 1,331 kg/ha and a net income of 189,655 CFA francs/ha.
The profitability indicator shows that improved varieties are profitable, unlike local varieties, which are not
Genre et Violences Scolaires au Cameroun (2015-2024) : Une Analyse Documentaire
Get PDFLa situation entre le genre et les violences scolaires au Cameroun entre 2015 et 2024 a été marquée par des défis significatifs. Les violences scolaires (agressions physiques et sexuelles, harcèlements, etc.), touchent les filles comme les garçons, exacerbées par les normes patriarcales, les conflits (Anglophone, Boko – Haram) et la pauvreté. Au cours de cette période, plusieurs initiatives ont été mises en place pour sensibiliser et lutter contre ces violences. Des Institutions Gouvernementales et des Organisations non Gouvernementales ont travaillé à promouvoir l’égalité des genres et à protéger les élèves. Cependant, malgré ces efforts, les violences basées sur le genre demeurent un problème persistant. Comment les réalités socio – culturelles et institutionnelles locales influencent – elles les formes, la fréquence et la gestion des violences scolaires au Cameroun ? Cette analyse documentaire relève 3 pistes. La première suggère que les filles sont plus exposées aux violences sexuelles et psychologiques, tandis que les garçons subissent davantage de violences physiques, légitimées par des stéréotypes de renforcement du caractère. La seconde souligne que le signalement est freiné par des dynamiques genrées. La troisième avance que les violences genrées sont exacerbées dans les zones en crise (régions anglophones) et en milieu rural.
The situation between gender and school violence in Cameroon between 2015 and 2024 was marked by significant challenges. School violence (physical and sexual aggression, harassment, etc.) affects both girls and boys, exacerbated by patriarchal norms, conflicts (Anglophone, Boko-Haram), and poverty. During this period, a number of initiatives have been put in place to raise awareness and combat this violence. Government institutions and non-governmental organisations have worked to promote gender equality and protect students. However, despite these efforts, gender-based violence remains a persistent problem. How do local socio-cultural and institutional realities influence the forms, frequency and management of school violence in Cameroon? This literature review has identified 3 avenues. The first suggests that girls are more exposed to sexual and psychological violence, while boys suffer more physical violence, legitimised by character-building stereotypes. The second stresses that reporting is hampered by gendered dynamics. The third argues that gendered violence is exacerbated in crisis zones (English–speaking regions) and in rural areas
La logistique amont du cacao et son incidence sur l’informalité et la durabilité de cette filière agricole dans le Haut-Sassandra (Côte d’Ivoire)
Get PDFLa Côte d’Ivoire est première productrice et la plus grande transformatrice de cacao au monde. La région du haut-Sassandra en est sa deuxième zone de production. Cependant, les grands paradigmes industriels tels que le cluster qui est un regroupement géographique d’industries complémentaires, ne se constate pas dans ce pays. En effet, cette région grande productrice de cacao, n’enregistre aucune usine de transformation. Elle est seulement une zone d’approvisionnement où est appliquée la logistique amont. Cela traduit une cassure dans la chaîne des valeurs de la filière cacao où la logistique amont, la logistique de production et la logistique de distribution, sont géographiquement séparées. Ceci pourrait engendrer un problème de coordination du triptyque « besoin/approvisionnement/production ». L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser la logistique amont du Cacao dans le Haut-Sassandra. Pour ce faire, la méthodologie appliquée s’appuie sur une enquête de terrain menée auprès des acteurs des secteurs concernés en plus d’une étude documentaire. Essentiellement, un questionnaire a été administré aux acteurs de terrain que sont les agriculteurs, les magasiniers et les pisteurs. Puis, des entretiens directifs ont été menés auprès des responsables d’entrepôts de stockages et d’achats de produits, des responsables syndicaux agricoles et du Conseil Café-Cacao. Il ressort de cette démarche que l’approvisionnement du cacao est externalisé par les firmes pivots ; leurs stratégies acquisitives aboutissent à la durabilité et à la formalisation progressive de la filière. En outre, l’acheminement, le stockage et la manutention des fèves restent précaires.
Ivory Coast is the leading producer and largest processor of cocoa in the world. The Haut-Sassandra region is its second production area. However, major industrial paradigms such as the cluster, which is a geographical grouping of complementary industries, are not found in this country. In fact, this major cocoa producing region does not have any processing factories. It is only a supply zone where upstream logistics is applied. This reflects a break in the value chain of the cocoa sector where upstream logistic, production logistic and distribution logistic are geographically separated. This could create a problem coordinating the “need/supply/production” triptych. The objective of this study is to analyze the upstream logistics of cocoa in Haut-Sassandra. To do this, the methodology applied is based on a field survey carried out among stakeholders in the sectors concerned in addition to a documentary study. Essentially, a questionnaire was administered to field stakeholders such as farmers, storekeepers and trackers. Then, directive interviews were conducted with managers of storage warehouses and product purchases, agricultural union leaders and the Coffee-Cocoa Council. It appears from this approach that the supply of cocoa is outsourced by the pivotal companies; their acquisitive strategies lead to sustainability and the progressive formalization of the sector. In addition, the transportation, storage and handling of beans remain precarious
Absence du père, développement affectif et performances scolaires de l’enfant au Burkina Faso
Get PDFCet article a pour objectif d’explorer le lien entre l'absence du père, le développement affectif et les performances scolaires des enfants Burkinabè. Un échantillon de 60 enfants (filles et garçons), âgés de 5 à 7 ans, répartis entre ceux vivant avec leurs deux parents biologiques et ceux vivant dans des familles monoparentales ou recomposées, a été interrogé. La méthode mixte, combinant la démarche qualitative et quantitative a été utilisée. Ainsi, le recueil des données a été fait à partir d’un questionnaire adressé aux élèves, d’analyses documentaires et d’entretiens avec six (6) enseignants et quatre (4) agents sociaux. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence l’impact de l’absence du père biologique de la famille de résidence de l’enfant sur le développement affectif et les performances scolaires de celui-ci même si la monoparentalité bien gérée par la mère peut conduire à de bons résultats scolaires. L’absence du père biologique affecte plus le développement affectif des garçons que des filles. Son effet sur les performances scolaires est plus significatif chez les garçons que chez les filles. Les pères doivent témoigner de leur présence qualitative auprès de leurs enfants au même titre que les mères pour que leur développement affectif soit harmonieux et leurs performances scolaires satisfaisantes.
This article aims to explore the link between father absence, emotional development, and academic performance in Burkinabe children. A sample of 60 children (girls and boys), aged 5 to 7, divided between those living with both biological parents and those living in single-parent or blended families, was interviewed. A mixed method, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, was used. Data collection was based on a questionnaire administered to students, documentary analyses, and interviews with six (6) teachers and four (4) social workers. The results highlight the impact of the absence of the biological father from the child's family of residence on the child's emotional development and academic performance, even though well-managed single-parenting by the mother can lead to good academic results. The absence of the biological father affects the emotional development of boys more than girls. Its effect on academic performance is more significant for boys than for girls. Fathers must demonstrate a high-quality presence with their children, just as much as mothers, to ensure their emotional development is harmonious and their academic performance satisfactory