European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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Technoeconomic Evaluation of Cell Site Power Consumption Reduction Using Free Cooling Technique
Get PDFAir Conditioning (AC) is the primary source of cooling in a typical Cell Site (CS) although it consumes a great deal of electricity. Excessive energy consumption due to air conditioning increases the operational expenses of telecommunication companies. Therefore, network operators have attempted a variety of techniques to reduce the exorbitant cost associated with a cell site’s high-power consumption. A Free Cooling System (FCS) is one such approach. Using computer modeling, this paper investigated how the FCS will function at a CS in Ghana. The study was conducted for 12 hours (from 6 pm to 6 am). A shelter with dimensions is 3 m × 2.47 m × 2.45 m (L × B × H) is used in the study, with three window positioning scenarios (different window heights) namely: an inlet window is 0.5 m high, and the outlet window is 1.5 m high, an inlet window and outlet window are both 1.0 m high and an inlet window is 1.5 m high, and the outlet window is 0.5 m high. The analysis revealed that a shelter with inlet and outlet windows at the same height has the most efficient heat dissipation potential. Furthermore, at a set temperature threshold of 25 °C, the annual percentage share for the two operating modes is approximately 67% for Air Conditioning (AC) and 33% for Free Cooling (FC) in 2020, 76% for AC and 24% for FC in 2021, and 61% for AC and 39% for FC in 2022. However, when the set temperature threshold is increased from 25 °Cto 30 °C, the annual percentage share is approximately 0.01% for AC and 99.9% for FC in 2020, 0% for AC and 100% for FC in 2021, and 1% for AC and 99% for FC in 2022, thus the proportion of free cooling increases as the set temperature threshold is raised. An indication of energy savings. It can be determined that when FC is operated at a set temperature threshold of 30 °C or higher, most cell sites in Ghana will save a considerable amount of energy
A Roadmap for European Universities Policy Recommendation to Achieve HEI Sustainability: The Case of INVEST EU Alliance
Get PDFThe European Union (EU) has emphasized the value of higher education, research, and innovation as engines for the continued socioeconomic and cultural advancement of Europe on several occasions. The European Universities Initiative (EUI), one of the most recent policy initiatives by the European Commission (EC) aims at advancing this agenda, via transnational collaborations of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to find new strategies for fostering European scientific excellence. This effort provides an administrative answer to the goals of European policy in terms of higher education, research, and innovation. This paper analyzes the potential benefits and risks the EUI alliances might face along four dimensions: their internal coordination, their methods of resolving conflicts, the commitment of member universities, and the cultural characteristics of the alliances. It is based on interviews with individuals holding key leadership and management roles in five member universities. We provide the case of INVEST EUI alliance as a complete case study for all the governmental, educational, structural, and financial challenges faced to draw a roadmap that can be used as policy recommendation for EU
Étiologies des Etats d’Agitation Reçus aux Urgences d’un Hôpital de Référence (Bénin, 2021)
Get PDFIntroduction : L’agitation, symptôme fréquent en milieu hospitalier est source d’une grande confusion au sein du personnel soignant. Sa prise en charge adéquate dépend non seulement de son intensité mais aussi de son étiologie le plus souvent organique. Objectif : Étudier les états d’agitation dans les services des urgences et de psychiatrie du CHUD-B/A en 2021. Méthodes : Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale descriptive menée du 1er décembre 2020 au 30 septembre 2021. L’échantillonnage a été exhaustif et a permis d’inclure systématiquement tous les sujets admis aux urgences et en psychiatrie pour état d’agitation. Résultats : Les états d’agitation ont représenté 4,97% des admissions aux urgences et 10,90% des admissions dans le service de psychiatrie. Le sexe masculin a été le plus représenté (56,47%). L’âge moyen des participants est de 34,48 ans ± 15,94 ans. Plus de la moitié (53,38%) des patients ont présenté une agitation légère. Ils ont bénéficié d’une sédation (86,47%) au diazépam (93,67%) en urgence. 78,24% des états d’agitation sont d’étiologies non psychiatriques à savoir : sepsis (23,31%), troubles métaboliques (21,80%), urgences neurologiques traumatiques (21,80%) ou non (13,53%) et urgences viscérales (13,50%) imposant des moyens thérapeutiques tels que : réhydratation, antalgiques, antibiotiques, transfusion sanguine, laparotomie. L’évolution a été favorable dans 90% des cas et quatre décès ont été recensés (03,01%). Conclusion : Les principales étiologies des états d’agitation sont les pathologies non psychiatriques. Tout état d’agitation implique donc une exploration toxique, iatrogène organique en priorité.
Introduction: Agitation, a frequent symptom in the hospital environment, is a source of great confusion for nursing staff. Its appropriate management depends not only on its intensity, but also on its etiology, most often organic. Objective: To study states of agitation in the emergency and psychiatric departments of CHUD-B/A in 2021. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from December 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021. Sampling was exhaustive, systematically including all subjects admitted to the emergency and psychiatric departments for agitation.
Results: Agitation accounted for 4.97% of admissions to the emergency department and 10.90% of admissions to the psychiatric ward. Males were most represented (56.47%). The average age of participants was 34.48 ± 15.94 years. More than half (53.38%) of patients presented with mild agitation. They were sedated (86.47%) with diazepam (93.67%) as an emergency measure. 78.24% of agitation states were of non-psychiatric etiology: sepsis (23.31%), metabolic disorders (21.80%), traumatic (21.80%) or non-traumatic neurological emergencies (13.53%) and visceral emergencies (13.50%) requiring therapeutic means such as rehydration, analgesics, antibiotics, blood transfusion and laparotomy. The outcome was favorable in 90% of cases, with four deaths (03.01%). Conclusion: The main etiologies of states of agitation are non-psychiatric pathologies. Any state of agitation therefore implies a toxic or iatrogenic organic investigation as a priority
Do Vertical Contracts Lead to Foreclosure and Efficiency Gains? An Empirical Study of the Food and Beverage Industry
Get PDFThis paper focuses on presenting a research methodology to determine whether vertical contracts between firms operating at different levels of the supply chain are efficient from the perspective of recent industrial organisation theory. In this perspective, some case studies were presented concerning antitrust investigations against some large companies operating in the food and beverage sector in Italy. Despite the controversy surrounding the effects of vertical agreements, as they may be pro- or anti-competitive, the paper shows that not only market concentration but also intra-sectoral asymmetries are crucial factors to consider in distinguishing between foreclosing and efficiency-enhancing agreements
Analysis of the Integration Process of Vulnerable Communities in Social and Economic Development: Batwa Community of Muyange Site Two
Get PDF The lack of access to food, education, housing, medical healthcare, freedom of participation, and sanitary facilities are some characteristics of vulnerability. Vulnerability can arise from an individual, community, or larger population challenges, requiring diverse policy interventions from social and economic neighborhood development, and income policies, to individual medical support. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the integration process of vulnerable communities in social and economic development, specifically focusing on the Batwa community of Muyange Site Two. The study's objectives are: (1) to identify the living conditions of the vulnerable Batwa communities in Muyange Site Two, (2) to highlight factors hindering the integration process in social and economic development, (3) to explore the role of local administration in integrating vulnerable communities, and (4) to propose practical solutions expediting the Batwa community's integration. Employing stratified random sampling, the research included 50 households from a total of 200 households. It combined qualitative and quantitative methods, using interviews and questionnaires administered directly to the Batwa community. The study revealed challenges faced by the Batwa in accessing food, land for agriculture, and education, leading to extreme poverty. It also identified strategies for the Batwa, local administration, and the government to accelerate integration, emphasizing self-reliance and government support for housing and land ownership to overcome discrimination in the social and economic integration process
Représentations sociales et pratiques de l'allaitement maternel exclusif chez la communauté Bété de Côte d’Ivoire : Cas des Bété-Yokua de la ville de Saïoua
Get PDFCet article examine l’influence des représentations sociales du peuple Yokua sur la pratique de l’allaitement maternel exclusif. Les données ont été collectées de novembre 2021 à avril 2022 à l’aide d’un questionnaire (administré à 55 mères) et d’entretiens (individuel et focus group) organisés avec 39 participants. Le traitement et l’analyse des données quantitatives ont été effectués grâce au logiciel Sphynx Plus² (V5.1.0.3) et à l’analyse de contenu (données qualitatives). Les résultats précisent que l’allaitement maternel exclusif fait l’objet de représentations contrastées chez les Yokua. Celles-ci permettent de comprendre les comportements adoptés par cette communauté en matière d’allaitement des nourrissons de 0 à 6 mois. Ainsi, c’est seulement une minorité d’enquêtés (16%) qui a affirmé l’avoir pratiqué sous instruction des agents de santé contre une majorité (84%) qui a affirmé ne pas l’avoir pratiqué de façon volontaire. La non-conformité de l’allaitement maternel exclusif aux habitudes alimentaires traditionnelles ; les difficultés climatiques liées à la chaleur ; les supposées maladies ou signes associés à l’allaitement maternel exclusif chez le nourrisson ; les occupations professionnelles ou scolaires de la mère ; l’abandon précoce de l’enfant par la mère ; les consignes des matrones et l’insuffisance de lait maternel chez certaines mères constituent les principales raisons associées à la non-pratique de l’allaitement maternel exclusif. Les résultats de l’étude permettent de faire des propositions aux structures compétentes en vue de contribuer à l’amélioration de la santé infantile en Côte d’Ivoire.
This article examines the influence of social representations of the Yokua people on the practice of exclusive breastfeeding. Data were collected from November 2021 to April 2022 using a questionnaire (administered to 55 mothers) and interviews (individual and focus group) organized with 39 participants. The processing and analysis of quantitative data were carried out using Sphynx Plus² software (V5.1.0.3) and content analysis (qualitative data). The results indicate that exclusive breastfeeding is the subject of contrasting representations among the Yokua. These allow us to understand the behaviors adopted by this community regarding breastfeeding of infants aged 0 to 6 months. Thus, only a minority of respondents (16%) claimed to have practiced it under the instruction of health workers compared to a majority (84%) who claimed not to have practiced it voluntarily. Non-compliance of exclusive breastfeeding with traditional eating habits; climatic difficulties linked to heat; supposed illnesses or signs associated with exclusive breastfeeding of infants; the mother's professional or educational occupations; early abandonment of the child by the mother; instructions from matrons and insufficient breast milk among certain mothers constitute the main reasons associated with the non-practice of exclusive breastfeeding. The results of the study make it possible to make proposals to the competent structures with a view to contributing to the improvement of child health in Côte d’Ivoire
Production agricole vivrière à l’ouest Cameroun et vulnérabilités économiques des producteurs : le cas de la filière maïs et haricot dans le bassin de production des Bamboutos
Get PDFLe présent article analyse les dynamiques socioéconomiques qui ont cours aujourd’hui autour des filières agricoles maïs et haricot, qui sont plus que par le passé, des spéculations agricoles de choix dans le vivrier marchand à l’ouest Cameroun et plus particulièrement dans le bassin de production des Bamboutos à la suite de la déprise caféière. Cette recherche est basée sur une méthodologie essentiellement qualitative, fondée sur les entretiens semi directifs avec les producteurs agricoles et les commerçants, auxquelles sont combinées des observations directes dans les marchés et les espaces commerciaux (ruraux et urbains) où s’échangent ces produits agricoles. Il en ressort que l’agriculture vivrière est aujourd’hui au sein de ce bassin de production, une pratique généralisée dont les implications socioéconomiques les plus immédiates ne se limitent plus seulement au monde rural, mais on observe aussi une forte implication des citadins dans les pratiques agricoles notamment dans les filières maïs et haricot. Cependant, les producteurs de Haricot et Maïs, acteurs à la base de cette économie vivrière restent pourtant économiquement les plus vulnérables de la chaine de valeur, cela au profit des acteurs à l’instar des transporteurs, des commerçants et activités connexes autour de la circulation commerciale des produits agricoles.
This paper provides an analysis of the socioeconomic dynamics that exist today around the maize and beans agricultural sectors, which are more than in the past, prime agricultural speculation of food intended for sales in West Cameroon, particularly in the Bamboutos production area as a result of coffee plant depravity. This presentation is based on an essentially qualitative methodology, focused on semi-direct interviews with agricultural producers and traders, which are combined with direct observations in markets and commercial spaces (rural and urban) where these agricultural products are traded. It is clear from this that, food farming is now in this production area, a generalized practice whose, most immediate socio-economic implications are no longer limited to the rural world as tended until then to consider several scientific discourses on agrarian activities; but there is also a strong involvement of city dwellers in agricultural practices, particularly in the corn and beans sectors. However, bean and maize producers, who are the basic stakeholders in this food economy, remain the most economically vulnerable in the value chain, in favor of other actors such as transporters, traders, and related activities involved in the commercial movement of agricultural products
Résultats du traitement chirurgical des fractures malléolaires de l’adulte au CHR Sokodé
Get PDFIntroduction : Les fractures malléolaires sont fréquentes et leur traitement est de plus en plus chirurgical. Le but de l’étude était d’évaluer les résultats cliniques, radiologiques et fonctionnels des fractures bimalléolaires opérées dans un hôpital régional du Togo. Matériels et Méthode : Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective portant sur les patients pris en charge entre Janvier 2019 et Décembre 2022 dans le service d’Orthopédie du Centre Hospitalier Régional de Sokodé. Les dossiers des patients suivis pour fractures bimalléolaires étaient exploités. Les patients suivis et revus pendant au moins 06 mois étaient inclus. Résultats : Le délai de chirurgie était de deux semaines en moyenne avec des extrêmes de 24h et 40 jours. L’évaluation sur le plan anatomique selon les critères de Leeds et Ehrlich a trouvé 85% de bonnes réductions. Selon le score de Kitaoka à 06 mois, 52,5%(n=20) de scores excellents et bons correspondant aux fractures initialement fermées et 39,5 %(n=15) de scores bons et moyens correspondant aux fractures initialement ouvertes et 08%(n=03) de scores mauvais. Les fractures ouvertes étaient sujettes à des complications secondaires à type d’arthrose précoce , d’ostéoarthrite et de pseudarthrose. L’évaluation de la survenue de l’arthrose selon les critères de Magnusson et Harper au 18ème mois chez 28 patients a noté une absence d’arthrose dans 47% des cas (n=18), une arthrose modérée dans 10% des cas (n=04) et une arthrose sévère dans 16% des cas (n=06). Conclusion : Le traitement chirurgical des fractures fermées bimalléolaires donnait de bons et excellents résultats fonctionnels. Les fractures ouvertes étaient sujettes à des complications précoces avec un pronostic fonctionnel médiocre.
Introduction: Malleolar fractures are frequent and their treatment is increasingly surgical. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical, radiological and functional results of malleolar fractures operated on in a secondary hospital in Togo. Materials and Method: This was a retrospective study of patients managed between January 2019 and December 2022 in the Orthopedic Department of the Regional Hospital of Sokode. The records of patients followed for bimalleolar fractures were exploited. Patients followed and reviewed for at least 6 months were included. Results: The average time to surgery was two weeks with extremes of 24 hours and 40 days. Anatomical evaluation according to the Leeds and Ehrlich criteria found 85% good reductions. According to the Kitaoka score at 6 months, 52,5%(n=20) of the scores were excellent for close fracture and 39,5%(n=15) were good or fair for open fracture and 08%(n=03) of bad score. Open fractures were prone to secondary complications such as early osteoarthritis and ankle infection. Evaluation of the occurrence of osteoarthritis according to the Magnusson and Harper criteria at 18 months in 28 patients noted no osteoarthritis in 47% (n=18), moderate osteoarthritis in 10% (n=04) and severe osteoarthritis in 16% (n=06) of cases. Conclusion: Surgical treatment of closed bimalleolar fractures gave good and excellent functional results. Open fractures were prone to early complications with a poor functional prognosis
L’espoir comme ressource psychologique pour le bien-être des étudiants : Apport de la psychologie positive
Get PDFLa santé mentale des étudiants est préoccupante. La littérature scientifique confirme le mal-être des étudiants qui se traduit par une détresse psychologique. Cette détresse se manifeste par des troubles de l’humeur, du sommeil, de l’alimentation, une dépression, de l’anxiété, le stress chronique (Boujut,2009 ;Shankland, 2022). L’accès au monde universitaire est une réalité stressante avec un lot de défis et de grands changements déroutants. L’étudiant doit mobiliser ses ressources psychologiques telles-que l’estime de soi, le soutien social, l’optimisme, l’espoir…. pour s’ajuster à ce nouveau monde. L’objectif principal de cet article est de présenter la psychologie positive, ses débuts, ses thématiques et se focaliser sur le concept d’espoir comme ressource psychologique à mobiliser pour le bien-être des individus. Les actions de promotion de la santé mentale en milieu universitaire peuvent s’inspirer du modèle des ressources psychologique pour mettre en place des dispositifs innovants pour améliorer la santé psychologique des étudiants.
Student mental health is a critical issue that needs attention. Studies in the scientific literature have confirmed that students experience unhappiness and psychological distress. These challenges manifest in various ways, including mood disorders, sleep issues, eating disorders, depression, anxiety, and chronic stress (Boujut, 2009 ; Shankland, 2022). Transitioning into the university environment is marked by significant challenges and unsettling changes. To adapt to this new environment, students need to utilize their psychological resources, including self-esteem, social support, optimism, and hope. This article proposes a theoretical reflection on the concept of hope with reference to positive psychology. Positive psychology is a new approach in psychology that focuses on developing students' strengths. Utilizing the psychological resources model can guide the implementation of innovative measures to enhance students psychological well-being and promote mental health on university campuses
Do climate shocks disadvantage household investment in human capital in Benin? An approach based on the endogenous treatment regression model
Get PDFThe increasing number of drought and flood shocks in Benin is causing considerable economic losses and social disruption. This article looks specifically at the effects of these shocks on household human capital expenditure in Benin's three climatic zones, to highlight the effects specific to each zone. The data used come from the Harmonized Survey of Household Living Conditions. A linear regression model of the endogenous treatment is used for the analyses. Findings indicate that climate shocks reduce household capital expenditure and that this impact depends on the household’s climatic zone of residence. Investment in resilience infrastructure is suggested, as is a policy of social assistance to disaster-stricken households