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Le matériel des laboratoires des sciences de la vie et la terre au cycle secondaire (Maroc): Disponibilité, usabilité et sécurité
Get PDFLes laboratoires scolaires des sciences jouent un rôle crucial dans la réalisation des travaux pratiques, une activité essentielle pour l'enseignement des sciences de la vie et de la terre (SVT). L'objectif de notre recherche est d'étudier la disponibilité et l'utilisabilité du matériel de laboratoire des SVT, ainsi que d'évaluer la sécurité au sein de ces laboratoires. À cet effet, une enquête composée de 17 questions a été menée auprès d'un échantillon de 39 préparateurs et 7 enseignants responsables des laboratoires de SVT. Cette enquête a été complétée par des observations sur le terrain dans deux laboratoires scolaires. Les résultats obtenus ont révélé une insuffisance générale du matériel, dont le manque dans certains laboratoires peut constituer un obstacle majeur à la compréhension des concepts scientifiques. Les laboratoires des deux cycles d'enseignement présentent des caractéristiques techniques similaires, mais ne sont que partiellement conformes aux spécifications matérielles requises. De plus, le matériel de sécurité n'est pas encore largement répandu et sa couverture reste insatisfaisante. Dans une perspective d'amélioration, il est impératif d'investir dans du nouveau matériel afin de pallier au manque crucial actuel des laboratoires. Il est aussi primordial de mettre l'accent sur l'exploitation optimale du matériel, sa mobilité et sa maintenance afin d'améliorer la qualité des activités pratiques dans l'enseignement des SVT.
School science laboratories play a crucial role in conducting practical work, an essential activity for teaching life and earth sciences (LES). The aim of our research is to study the availability and usability of LES laboratory equipment, as well as to evaluate safety within these laboratories. To this end, a survey consisting of 17 questions was conducted with a sample of 39 laboratory technicians and 7 teachers responsible for LES laboratories. This survey was supplemented by on-site observations in two school laboratories. The results revealed a general lack of equipment, the absence of which in some laboratories may constitute a major obstacle to understanding scientific concepts. Laboratories in both teaching cycles exhibit similar technical characteristics, but only partially comply with the required material specifications. Furthermore, safety equipment is not yet widely distributed, and its coverage remains unsatisfactory. In an improvement perspective, it is imperative to invest in new equipment to address the current crucial shortage in laboratories. It is also essential to focus on optimal equipment utilization, mobility, and maintenance to enhance the quality of practical activities in LES education
Social Context of Civil Process for Sustainable Development
Get PDFThis paper focuses on the existing mechanisms for the participation of vulnerable persons, including persons with disabilities and children, in civil disputes. As modern democratic society develops the concept of a social state, ensuring equal conditions for the participation of vulnerable persons in civil turnover is essential. Hence, the aim of the study is to identify existing legislative gaps and challenges that prevent the participation of vulnerable persons in civil disputes. Humanity has agreed on a sustainable development plan, in which social sustainability is set as one of the main goals. However, modern civil procedure law is mainly based on the codification of the 19th century, which in turn originates from Roman law. Since then, public relations have changed and modern technologies are constantly developing. The concept of a digital judge, smart contracts, and a blockchain system has already emerged. Therefore, the regulations of civil proceeding do not respond to modern challenges, and it is necessary to update civil procedure legislation in order to provide an equal platform for the participation of vulnerable persons in civil disputes. The purpose of the article is to review the rules of civil procedure law in terms of a social context based on the international approaches, practices, and research. Through a mixed-quantitative, qualitative, and general research methods, as well as comparative analysis, specific recommendations are introduced that will bring civil dispute resolution closer to sustainable development plans and ensure the equal participation of vulnerable persons in civil dispute
Assessing Comparators of the Trademarks before Confusion for Establishing Unfair Competition through the Social Network – Georgian Perspective
Get PDFThe Article aims to assess regulation of unfair competition through the social network in relation to the trademark by relevant Georgian and international legislation in force. In particular, the Article through comparative analyses describes distinctive matters in the practice of the Georgian National Competition Agency with contrast to best international practice, including case law of EU member states.
The Article discuss false and inappropriate advertising using communication means regarding registered trademark and use of internet domain in the context of classifying unfair competition.
Besides challenging issues mentioned above, the Article distributes comprehensive study on distinguishing “legal name" and "commercial name” of trademarks before confusion when using for advertising purposes. Accordingly, the Article examines rule of necessity of the cumulative presence of three established (visual, phonetic and semantic) comparators for determination of confusion between trademarks through the prism of unfair competion legislation
The Opportunity for Profit to College Student-AthletesAnalysis Study
Get PDFA recent study by Romero (2018) suggests that NCAA athletes should receive better compensation. College student-athletes put in much time and energy, but many do not receive adequate pay. High school athletes’ chances of participating in college sports are lower without scholarships. It is time to recognize their value and provide financial support. (NCAA) is a nonprofit organization that regulates collegiate sports, and this study emphasizes the livelihood of collegiate student-athletes and the rules they must follow. Furthermore, the study compares the coach’s salaries with collegiate student-athlete student-athletes to profit from their crafts. The researchers gathered data from various literature and randomly surveyed over 400 college students, used a systematic review approach, Chi-squared test, and descriptive statistics to review the evidence, and analyzed the survey data using the Statistic Package for Social Science (SPSS). In addition, the study explores the opportunity for compensating student-athletes and investigates the salaries of “celebrity” coaches and the minimal financial compensation or stipend student-athletes receive while playing for these coaches. The current study found that college and university sports leaders should not view student-athletes as mere athletes but as valuable assets that create organic growth for their college athletics and the NCAA benefits from endorsement and advertising deals. The result indicated that athletes should be able to earn extra money that raises their living standards above the poverty line, while college sports generate billions of dollars for universities, broadcasters, and sponsors. University coaches are signing multi-million-dollar contracts while their players are forced to live off $12,000 on average, and most of the money goes toward their tuition, room, books, board, and class needs. The study supports that the Supreme Court recently allowed colleges to provide “education-related” payments to student-athletes. The decision permits student-athletes to pursue endorsement deals based on their name, image, and likeness
Détermination du Niveau de Contamination en Métaux Lourds (Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercure et Plomb) de Quatre Espèces de Poissons Consommées par les Familles de Pêcheurs de Jacqueville
Get PDFL’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer le niveau de contamination des éléments traces métalliques (ETM) toxiques (arsenic, cadmium, mercure et plomb) dans des poissons consommés par les familles des pécheurs de Jacqueville, et ce dans le cadre d’une évaluation des risques chimiques liés à la consommation de poissons. Pour ce faire, 72 échantillons de poissons prélevés auprès de 81 foyers enquêtés et repartis entre 4 espèces, ont été analysés par spectrophotométrie d’absorption atomique. Il ressort que les traces des différents métaux existent dans les muscles (chairs) à des taux variables avec un dépassement des critères de comestibilité au niveau de l’arsenic et du cadmium. D’une part, Selene dorsalis avec 1,26 mg/kg, Sarotherodon melanotheron avec 1,33 mg/kg et Chrysichthys avec 1,27 mg/kg sont les poissons les plus contaminés en arsenic. D’autre part, Selene dorsalis avec 0,063 mg/kg et Sardina pilchardus avec 0,054 mg/kg présentent des niveaux de contamination cadmique élevés. Ces valeurs sont supérieures à la limite autorisée (0,05). Le risque pour ces consommateurs peut être réel du fait du caractère cumulatif lié à la toxicité de ces métaux, si les quantités consommées sont élevées.
The purpose of this study was to determine the level of contamination of toxic trace metal elements (TME) (arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead) in fish consumed by the families of Jacqueville fishermen, as part of an assessment of chemical risks associated with fish consumption. To do this, 72 fish samples taken from 81 households surveyed and divided between 4 species, were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. It appears that traces of different metals exist in the muscles (flesh) at variable levels with edibility criteria exceeded in terms of arsenic and cadmium. On the one hand, Selene dorsalis with 1.26 mg/kg, Sarotherodon melanotheron with 1.33 mg/kg and Chrysichthys with 1.27 mg/kg are the fish most contaminated with arsenic. On the other hand, Selene dorsalis with 0.063 mg/kg and Sardina pilchardus with 0.054 mg/kg present high levels of cadmium contamination. These values are greater than the authorized limit (0.05). The risk for these consumers can be real due to the cumulative nature linked to the toxicity of these metals if the quantities consumed are high
Diversité et Abondance Relative des Oiseaux d’Eau du Parc National de la Comoé, Côte d’Ivoire
Get PDFLes oiseaux d’eau constituent une des composantes remarquables de la faune aquatique. Cependant, les oiseaux d’eau du nord de la Côte d’Ivoire et en particulier ceux du Parc National de la Comoé sont méconnus. L’objectif de ce travail est d’améliorer les connaissances de cette avifaune pour une meilleure gestion de ces espèces. Ces améliorations reposent sur des données qualitatives et quantitatives. Un inventaire ornithologique a été mené de septembre 2017 à août 2019 au Parc national de la Comoé sur les oiseaux d’eau dans trois différents types d’habitats (les mares, les forêts galeries et les savanes). Pour sa réalisation, la méthode des points d’écoute et des marches lentes marquées d’arrêts le long de la Comoé et de ces principaux affluents ont été appliquées. À l’issu de ces inventaires, 47 espèces d’oiseaux d’eau appartenant à 18 familles ont été inventoriées. Les non-Passériformes avec 42 espèces représentent 89,36% de la richesse spécifique. Au niveau des familles, celle des Ardeidae représente 23,81% de la richesse spécifique totale avec 10 espèces. Ce sont 2685 individus qui ont été observés sur l’ensemble de des sites. Le Héron garde-bœuf Bubulcus ibis (570 individus, 21,23%) et l’Ombrette africaine Scopus umbretta (193 individus, 07,19%) sont les espèces comptant les plus grands effectifs des oiseaux d’eau. Les espèces d'oiseaux d'eau ont plus fréquenté le parc en saison sèche (octobre et avril) et les abondances les plus importantes se situent entre décembre et mars. Au titre de l’utilisation des habitats par les oiseaux d’eau, il s’observe une préférence de ces derniers pour les forêts galeries. Seule la Cigogne épiscopale Ciconia episcopus est considérée comme proche de la menace selon l’UICN (2022).
Waterbirds are a remarkable component of aquatic fauna. However, little is known about the waterbirds of northern Côte d'Ivoire, and in particular those of the Comoé National Park. The aim of this work is to improve knowledge of this avifauna in order to improve the management of these species. These improvements are based on qualitative and quantitative data. An ornithological survey was carried out from September 2017 to August 2019 in the Comoé National Park on waterbirds in three different types of habitats (ponds, gallery forests, and savannahs). The method used was count points and slow walks with stops along the Comoé and its main tributaries. As a result of these surveys, 47 species of waterbirds belonging to 18 families were inventoried. The non-Passeriformes, with 42 species, accounted for 89.36% of the species richness. In terms of families, the Ardeidae family represented 23.81% of the total species richness, with 10 species. A total of 2,685 individuals were observed at all the sites. The Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis (570 individuals, 21.23%) and the Hamerkop Scopus umbretta (193 individuals, 07.19%) were the species with the highest numbers of waterbirds. Waterbird species visited the park most during the dry season (October and April), with the greatest abundance between December and March. In terms of habitat use by waterbirds, there is a preference for gallery forests. Only the Woolly-Necked stork Ciconia episcopus is considered to be close to threatened according to the IUCN (2022)
Prise en Charge et Facteurs Associes aux Avortements dans Cinq Structures Peripheriques a Bouake en 2022
Get PDFObjectif : Identifier les facteurs qui sont associés aux avortements et étudier les aspects thérapeutiques de ces avortements. Matériels et méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale, multicentrique, à visée descriptive et analytique réalisée pendant 12 mois, du 01 février 2022 au 31 janvier 2023 dans 05 maternités périphériques de Bouaké. Étaient incluses dans l’étude les patientes ayant bénéficié dans l’un des centres d’une prise en charge suite à un avortement complet ou incomplet, provoqué ou spontané. Les données ont été recueillies et analysées à l’aide du logiciel Epi Info version 7. Le seuil de significativité des tests statistiques était fixé pour une valeur de p≤0,05. Résultats : Sur 6936 cas de grossesses enregistrées, 376 étaient des avortements soit une prévalence des avortements de 5% dont 60% d’avortement provoqué et 40% d’avortement spontané. L’âge moyen était de 27 ± 7 ans avec des extrêmes de 12 et 47 ans. Les patientes avaient un niveau d’étude primaire ou non scolarisées (48%) et non salariées (93%). Elles étaient célibataires ou vivaient en concubinage (79%). Elles étaient venues d’elles-mêmes (90,2%) pour principal motif d’admission, les métrorragies (89,9%). Les raisons des avortements provoqués étaient la grossesse non planifiée (69%), le refus de la grossesse par partenaire (26%). Les patientes avaient présenté des complications dans 30% des cas, qui étaient secondaires à l’avortement provoqué (75%). L’évacuation utérine était assurée par l’aspiration manuelle intra utérine (45%) suivi l’administration d’ocytocine par voie intraveineuse (32%). L’âge ≤ 24 ans (p= 0,0001), le statut non salarié (p= 0,0362), le statut non marié (p=0,0001), le faible niveau d’étude (p=0,00002) et la multiparité (p= 0,0005) étaient significativement associés à l’avortement provoqué. Conclusion : La prévalence des avortements demeure élevée à Bouaké avec une prise en charge dominée par l’aspiration manuelle intra utérine. Les facteurs associés à l’avortement provoqué sont l’âge ≤ 24 ans, le statut non salarié, le statut non marié, le faible niveau d’étude et la multiparité.
Objective: Identify the factors associated with abortions and study the therapeutic aspects of these abortions. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional, multicentre, descriptive and analytical study conducted over 12 months from 01 February 2022 to 31 January 2023 in 05 maternity units on the outskirts of Bouaké. The study included patients who had received treatment at one of the centres following a complete or incomplete, induced or spontaneous abortion. Data were collected and analysed using Epi Info version 7 software. The significance threshold for statistical tests was set at p≤ 0.05. Results: Of the 6,936 pregnancies recorded, 376 were abortions, representing a prevalence rate of 5%, of which 60% were induced and 40% spontaneous. The mean age was 27 ± 7 years, with extremes of 12 and 47 years. The patients had a primary education or no schooling (48%) and were not employed (93%). They were single or cohabiting (79%). They came on their own (90.2%) and the main reason for admission was metrorrhagia (89.9%). The reasons for induced abortions were unplanned pregnancy (69%) and refusal of pregnancy by a partner (26%). Complications occurred in 30% of cases, and were secondary to induced abortion (75%). Uterine evacuation was achieved by manual intrauterine suction (45%), followed by intravenous administration of oxytocin (32%). Age ≤ 24 years (p= 0.0001), non-employed status (p= 0.0362), unmarried status (p=0.0001), low level of education (p=0.00002) and multiparity (p= 0.0005) were significantly associated with induced abortion. Conclusion: The prevalence of abortions remains high in Bouaké, with management dominated by manual intrauterine vacuum aspiration. Factors associated with induced abortion are age ≤ 24 years, unpaid status, unmarried status, low level of education and multiparity
Structural Evolution and its Implication for the Emplacement of Gold Deposit in the Central Part of Burkina Faso, West Africa
Get PDFIn order to constrain the structural evolution in the central part of Burkina Faso and its implication for the emplacement of gold deposits, we undertook a structural mapping by coupling Landsat and aeromagnetic images interpretation to outcrop and core mapping followed by laboratory work. This approach reveals that the structural architecture in this locality mainly results from dextral transcurrent progressive deformation due to a NW-SE trending major stress. This architecture is similar to the Riedel-Tchalenko model. Initially, the dominant normal stress created an E-W constriction resulting in the development of N-S shear corridors. Subsequently, the tangential stress that took over this generated the progressive development of simple dextral shear zones with a NE-SW orientation that are locally taken up by ENE-WSW dextral shear bands associated with the Riedel's R structures. As a result of the cooling of the crust, we are witnessing the formation of sinistral NW-SE and dextral NNE-SSW strike-slip faults, respectively, which corresponds to Riedel's R' structures and Tchalenko's P structures. The development of NW-SE pre-Eburnean shear zones, particularly the N-S shear corridors, is synchronous with the circulation of gold-bearing fluids through the zone. However, the intersections of these directional corridors create zones suitable for gold concentration. Within these zones, ductile-brittle deformation following the emplacement of the shear bands has facilitated the remobilization and concentration of gold-bearing fluids within rocks with the appropriate rheological conditions. This is the case for Toega gold deposit.
 
Profil Epidémiologique des Troubles Fonctionnels Intestinaux (TFI) Persistants au CHU de Conakry
Get PDFIntroduction : Les troubles fonctionnels Intestinaux (TFI) ou syndrome de l’intestin irritable représentent un véritable problème de santé publique. Si cette affection n’engage pas le pronostic vital, elle altère significativement et de façon chronique la qualité de vie des malades. L’étiologie est mal connue et de nombreux facteurs sont impliqués. Méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive à recueil prospectif de données réalisée en consultation externe du service d’hépato-gastroentérologie de l’hôpital national Donka du CHU de Conakry pour une durée de 2 ans. Résultats : Trois cent quatre-vingt-dix-huit cas de TFI sur 1309 patients avaient été recensé soit une prévalence de 30,40%. On notait une prédominance féminine avec un sex ratio de 0,92. L’âge moyen de nos patients était de 49 ans avec des extrêmes de 10 et 88 ans. Les tranches d’âge de 25-34 ans et 35-44 ans étaient les plus représentées avec des fréquences respectives de 24,52% et 22,07%. Les principaux signes cliniques étaient des douleurs abdominales (92,28%), de la constipation dans 84,41%, ballonnement abdominal 28,39% et diverses manifestations extradigestives : insomnie dans 32,08%, de céphalées dans 30,55% des cas, de la fibromyalgie 22,91%. Les principaux facteurs déclenchants étaient : les facteurs psychologiques 32,08% et alimentaires (tubercules 14,13%, haricot 6,11%, le dîner tardif et ou copieux 4,2% et les boissons gazeuses 3,44%). Le retentissement socioprofessionnel des TFI était dominé par l’absentéisme dans 82,78% des cas, le retard au travail dans 20%. Les comorbidités digestives les plus fréquentes étaient : le reflux gastro œsophagien (RGO), la dyspepsie, le dolichocôlon ainsi que leur association. Les examens complémentaires morphologiques étaient représentés par (une échographie abdominale et pelvienne a été réalisée chez 50,11% de nos patients et elle objectivait une aérocolie dans 45% des cas ;un scanner abdominopelvien fait dans 3,56% des cas, examen sans anomalie ; une ano-recto-sigmoïdoscopie dans 17,80% des cas et une ; coloscopie dans 4,98% des cas, toutes normales ; une fibroscopie oeso-gastroduodénale chez 25% de nos patients et était normale ;un lavement baryté double contraste 11,20%. Conclusion : Le TFI est un problème de santé publique qui altère la qualité de vie des personnes atteintes. Les douleurs abdominales, la constipation et le ballonnement abdominal en constituent la triade symptomatique. Le stress est un facteur déclenchant de la symptomatologie. L’association du SII avec des comorbidités digestives et extra-digestives est fréquente. Les examens complémentaires morphologique ont des conséquences financières difficiles dans la majorité des cas chez nos patients.
Introduction : Functional digestive disorders (TFI) or irritable bowel syndrome represent a real public health problem. Although this condition is not life-threatening, it significantly and chronically alters the quality of life of patients. The etiology is poorly understood and many factors are involved. Methods : This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection carried out in the outpatient clinic of the hepato-gastroenterology department of the Donka National Hospital of the Conakry University Hospital for a period of 2 years. Results : Three hundred and ninety-eight cases of TFI out of 1309 patients were identified, representing a prevalence of 30.40%. There was a female predominance with a sex ratio of 0.92. The average age of our patients was 49 years with extremes of 10 and 88 years. The age groups of 25-34 and 35-44 were the most represented with respective frequencies of 24.52% and 22.07%. The main clinical signs were abdominal pain (92.28%), constipation in 84.41%, abdominal bloating in 28.39%, and various extra digestive manifestations: insomnia in 32.08%, headache in 30.55% of cases. cases, fibromyalgia 22.91%. The main triggering factors were: psychological factors 32.08% and dietary factors (tubers 14.13%, beans 6.11%, late or heavy dinner 4.2% and soft drinks 3.44%). The socio-professional impact of TFIs was dominated by absenteeism in 82.78% of cases, and lateness for work in 20%. The most frequent digestive comorbidities were: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), dyspepsia, dolichocolon and their association. Additional morphological examinations were represented by (an abdominal and pelvic ultrasound was carried out in 50.11% of our patients and it revealed aerocolia in 45% of cases; an abdominopelvic scan was performed in 3.56% of cases, examination without abnormality; an anorecto-sigmoidoscopy in 17.80% of cases and the colonoscopy in 4.98% of cases, all normal; an esophagogastroduodenal fibroscopy in 25% of our patients and was normal; a double contrast barium enema 11 .20%. Conclusion: TFI is a public health problem that impairs the quality of life of those affected. Abdominal pain, constipation, and abdominal bloating constitute the symptomatic triad. Stress is a triggering factor for the symptoms. The association of IBS with digestive and extra-digestive comorbidities is common. Additional morphological examinations have difficult financial consequences in the majority of cases among our patients
The Compliance Model as an Instigation for Post-Financial Crisis Efficiency in Corporations
Get PDFThis paper examines how the compliance model improves corporate governance and efficiency post-financial crisis. This paper focuses on the goals of the compliance model, the strategies for its integration into corporate governance structures, as well as the results and conclusions. The compliance model prioritizes legal and regulatory compliance, ethical standards, and best practices in corporate governance. This methodology helps organizations prevent wrongdoing, enhance transparency, and build stakeholder confidence. Mixed methods study evaluates the compliance model. First, it reviews the theoretical and practical consequences of the compliance model. Next, a quantitative analysis compares pre- and post-compliance model performance metrics in a sample of firms. Finally, qualitative interviews with key stakeholders assess the impact of the model. This study shows that the compliance approach boosts post-financial crisis corporate efficiency. The approach improves corporate governance, malfeasance, and efficiency. Organizations with a culture of compliance, honesty, and responsibility gain stakeholder trust. The results show that the compliance model can help companies revive their corporate governance practices following financial crises. This methodology reduces risks, ensures legal and ethical compliance, and boosts efficiency and effectiveness. This study emphasizes the role of the compliance model in post-financial crisis corporate efficiency. It highlights the favorable effects of the model on corporate governance and organizational success. The report adds to the corporate governance literature and offers practical advice for companies trying to improve their governance in a complicated business environment