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Acquisition des notions de la circulation sanguine : Les élèves du cycle secondaire collégial comme étude de cas
Get PDFFréquemment, la compréhension du concept du système circulatoire pose des problèmes, car il combine d'autres concepts biologiques tels que la nutrition et la respiration. Cette étude vise à évaluer si les élèves de la troisième année du collège parviennent à saisir ce concept à la fin de l’unité : Le sang et la circulation sanguine chez l'Homme, après avoir étudié l'alimentation et la respiration, et mettre en évidence les principaux défis liés à l'enseignement-apprentissage de la circulation sanguine au collège. Nous menons une étude exploratoire et descriptive avec une population de 100 élèves provenant de deux collèges situés dans la banlieue de Kenitra. Selon nos résultats, les apprenants rencontrent des difficultés d'apprentissage à des degrés différents. Les difficultés rencontrées sont donc les suivantes : l'identification des veines et des artères (86 %), l'ouverture ou la fermeture du modèle de circuit sanguin (64 %), le cœur comme une pompe ou une double pompe (64 %), les organes et les fonctions du système circulatoire ainsi que les composants du système circulatoire (32%). Beaucoup d'élèves interrogés négligent la question des dangers qui menacent le système circulatoire. On a enfin constaté la confusion entre le système circulatoire et le système respiratoire. Le problème réside dans la qualité de l'apprentissage des concepts de la circulation sanguine dans notre système éducatif. Elle a été reconnue comme un frein, soulignant l'importance cruciale du manque de méthodes pédagogiques appropriées pour présenter l'unité : La circulation sanguine chez l’Homme.
Frequently, the concept of circulatory system is difficult to understand since it brings together other biological concepts such as nutrition and respiration. This study aims to determine whether students in the third year of middle school manage to understand this concept at the end of the unit: Blood and blood circulation in humans, and to highlight the main challenges related to the teaching-learning of blood circulation in middle school as well as to describe all the ideas and obstacles encountered by the students involved. This is an exploratory and descriptive study. Our population is made up of 100 students from two colleges on the outskirts of Kenitra. Our results reveal that learners have acquisition problems to varying degrees. Thus, the percentages of difficulties encountered, in establishing the distinction between veins and arteries (86%), the opening or closing of the blood circuit model (64%), as well as the conception of the heart as a pump or as a double pump (64%), the organs and functions of the circulatory system as well as the components of the circulatory system (32%). Many students interviewed neglect the response to the risks that threaten the circulatory system. The confusion between the circulatory system and the respiratory system has finally been observed. The problem lies in the quality of learning of blood circulation concepts in our education system. It was recognized as a hindrance, highlighting the crucial importance of the lack of appropriate teaching methods to disseminate unity Blood circulation in humans
Performance Optimization of a Simple Drip Irrigation System with Used Plastic Water Bottles
Get PDFEffects of perforation sizes and heights of used plastic water bottles on growth and yield components of amaranthus spinosus L. crop were analyzed in this study. The experiment was conducted on a 38 m2 experimental field of Tamale Technical University using a Randomized Complete Block Design with four treatments and replications. Perforation sizes at different heights of bottles from the ground level combinations were: 3.2 mm, 5 cm (A); 3.2 mm, 10 cm (B); 3.2 mm, 15 cm (C); 3.2 mm, 20 cm (D), respectively. Data on growth and yield components of amaranthus crop were measured and analysed using ANOVA. Results showed a decreasing trend for both irrigation time and perforation size and height of the plastic bottle from the ground level. Significant differences were observed between the treatments A and D, B and C, B and D, and C and D for leaf area, number of leaves, plant height, stem girth, root length, and weight of amaranthus crop head. However, perforation size of 3.2 mm with the plastic water bottle raised at a height of 5 cm from the ground resulted in significant growth and yield of amaranthus crop, followed by B, C and D treatments. Small holder farmers can adopt used water plastic bottles with perforation size of 3.2 mm raised 5 cm from the ground level in order to boost the production of amaranthus crop
Exploring Disease Manifestations and Influencing Factors in Acute and Chronic Hepatitis B
Get PDFScope and Aims: The investigation into disease manifestations and influencing factors of both acute hepatitis B (AHB) and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is relatively limited and with varied results. This study was to investigate the influencing factors and disease manifestations of AHB and CHB in a Ghanaian population, in order to come out with a control strategy. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 569 admitted hepatitis B cases. Demographic data and disease manifestations were compared between AHB and CHB patients. Results: There was a significant difference in median age as well as hospitalization duration for AHB and CHB patients. The variations in age, gender, educational level and occupational distributions between AHB and CHB patients were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Fever, nausea, polydipsia, palpitation, anicteric, anorexia, itching were less common (P < 0.05), abdominal, jaundice and enlarged liver was more frequent (P < 0.05), aspartate aminotransferase, viral load, bilirubin, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, HBeAg, albumin, abdominal ultrasound, globin levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05), and HBsAg and liver function test levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in CHB patients than in AHB patients. Logistic regression revealed that age, gender, occupation, educational level, and hospitalization duration were the influencing factors. Conclusion: The males, as well as the adult population, constituted a higher percentage of CHB patients with a significant association of higher prevalence of clinical and laboratory characteristics. Age, gender, occupation, educational level and hospitalization duration were established as influencing factors
The key role of the most recent EU regulation – the “Digital Operational Resilence Act” in the legal system, contemporary challenges, and Georgian perspectives
Get PDFThe challenges of the modern world, such as globalization, digitalization, and other technological advances, have exposed all fields of science, including economics and law, to severe trials. The bold and visionary attempt of legislative bodies in various countries, to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of existing regulations and consider new ones was complemented by the development of methods and mechanisms to oversee, regulate, and incorporate the latest technological advancements into the legal framework. After ineffective efforts to deal with various objections, the European Union adopted a new regulation called the "Digital Operational Resilience Act." This regulation aims to address the challenges presented by the increasing cybersecurity threats, operational resilience, and digitalization in the financial sector, both ex-ante and ex-post. In this paper, you will learn about the role of “DORA” in the legal system, the economic analysis of the law, the challenges it faces in the European Union and the perspectives of the Georgian reality.  
Application de la géomatique et de l’analyse multicritère à l’analyse du risque d’inondation dans la ville d’Agboville (Sud de la Côte d’Ivoire)
Get PDFDepuis quelques années, les villes ivoiriennes dont Agboville, subissent durant les saisons pluvieuses des inondations dévastatrices et meurtrières. La récurrence et les dégâts matériels et humains causés par ce phénomène sont devenus une préoccupation majeure pour les populations. La présente étude se fixe comme objectif, d’analyser à partir des Systèmes d’Informations Géographiques (SIG) et de l’analyse multicritère de Saaty, le niveau de risque d’inondation dans la ville d’Agboville. Le but visé est la cartographie des zones à risque d’inondation afin qu’elle soit intégrée dans les plans d’aménagement et aide également dans les prises des décisions. Ainsi, à partir des SIG, les facteurs susceptibles d’intervenir dans la manifestation de l’aléa inondation (pente, altitude, pluie, réseau de drainage) et des éléments qui pourraient être endommagés (enjeux matériels et humains) ont d’abord été cartographiés au moyen des données topographiques (Alos Palsar), démographiques et d’occupation du sol (images Maxar). Ensuite, l’utilisation de l’analyse multicritère de Saaty a conduit à la hiérarchisation ainsi qu’à la pondération des facteurs afin de déterminer leur poids dans la manifestation de l’inondation. Enfin, le recours à la méthode combinatoire de Voogd a abouti à la détermination des fonctions d’aléa, de vulnérabilité et du risque d’inondation. L’application de ces différentes fonctions dans un SIG a permis de produire les cartes des zones d’aléa, de vulnérabilité et du risque d’inondation de la ville d’Agboville. La carte des zones à risque d’inondation, validée par l’exploitation des données du terrain révèle que 38 % de l’espace urbain d’Agboville est exposé à un risque d’inondation allant de moyen à très élevé. L’insuffisance de réseaux de drainage des eaux pluviales est un facteur favorisant le risque d’inondation dans la ville. Plusieurs quartiers comportent des zones à risque d’inondation, à l’instar de ceux du centre-ville.
For several years now, Ivorian towns, including Agboville, have suffered devastating and deadly floods during the rainy seasons. The recurrence and the material and human damage caused by this phenomenon have become a major concern for the population. The aim of this study is to use geographic information systems (GIS) and Saaty's multi-criteria analysis to analyze the level of flood risk in Agboville City. The aim is to map areas at risk of flooding so that they can be incorporated into development plans, and also help in decision-making. Using GIS, the factors likely to contribute to the occurrence of flood hazards (slope, altitude, rainfall, drainage network) and the elements that could be damaged (material and human challenge) were first mapped using a digital elevation model from Alos Palsar, demographic and land-use data (Maxar images). Next, Saaty's multi-criteria analysis was used to prioritize and weigh the factors in order to determine their contribution to flooding. Finally, the use of Voogd's combinatorial method led to the determination of hazard, vulnerability, and flood risk functions. These functions were then applied in a GIS to produce maps of hazard, vulnerability, and flood risk zones. The map of flood risk zones, validated by field data, reveals that 38% of Agboville's urban area is exposed to a medium to very high risk of flooding. The inadequacy of stormwater drainage systems is a factor contributing to the risk of flooding in the town. Several parts of town except the city center are at risk of flooding
Évaluer et accompagner les enseignants : des articulations pour un modèle à référence humaine d’autoévaluation de l’établissement scolaire
Get PDFCet article présente un modèle d’autoévaluation et d’accompagnement des acteurs dans les établissements scolaires en mettant l’accent sur les indices de sa référence humaine. L’objectif de ce travail est de présenter un dispositif intégré d’évaluation/accompagnement et d’expliquer une partie de sa mise en œuvre relative au suivi de la pratique enseignante. Notre hypothèse est qu’un ensemble de synergies au sein de chaque processus à part, celui de l’évaluation et celui de l’accompagnement et surtout des articulations centrales entre ces deux processus forment la source qui nourrit la visée humaine de la gouvernance interne de l’établissement. En se basant sur un dispositif qui se compose d’une matrice évaluative et d’un ensemble d’instruments d’observation et de mesure des performances, l’expérience mené au sein d’un groupe scolaire d’ enseignement privé consistait à intégrer les enseignants, acteurs principaux de notre recherche-action, dans la mise en œuvre de l’évaluation et à les accompagner en même temps pour développer leur pratiques. A mi-parcours de ce projet, nous avons conclu que les enseignants ont pu jouer le rôle d’évaluateur-acteur et ont réussi à travers leurs participation réflexive et active à développer leurs projets professionnels et à concrétiser les actions du projet de l’établissement.
This article presents a model for self-evaluation and support of actors in schools, focusing on the indicators of its human reference. The aim of this work is to present an integrated assessment/support system and to explain part of its implementation relating to the monitoring of teaching practice. Our hypothesis is that a set of synergies within each separate process, that of assessment and that of support, and above all the central links between these two processes, form the source that feeds the human dimension of the school's internal governance. Based on a system consisting of an evaluation matrix and a set of instruments for observing and measuring performance, the experiment conducted within a private school group involved integrating the teachers, the main actors in our action research, into the implementation of the evaluation and at the same time supporting them in developing their practices. Halfway through the project, we concluded that the teachers had been able to play the role of evaluator-actor and had succeeded, through their reflective and active participation, in developing their professional projects and putting into practice the actions in the school's project
Caractérisation agronomique de six (6) morphotypes de voandzou (Vigna subterranea L. verdc) cultivés au Niger
Get PDFAu Niger la diversité du voandzou est peu connue mais la variabilité est assez grande lorsqu’on considère certaines caractéristiques de graines. La présente étude a pour objectif général d’évaluer les performances agro-morphologiques de six (6) morphotypes de voandzou cultivés au Niger afin d’identifier les morphotypes les plus prometteurs sur la base de leurs performances agronomiques et morphologique (coloration des graines). Ces morphotypes ont été choisis à la suite d’une séparation sur la base de leur coloration. Les morphotypes ont ensuite été évalués sur le site expérimental de la Faculté d'Agronomie de l'Université Abdou Moumouni, situé dans la commune 5 de Niamey. Les données ont été collectées à travers un essai agronomique mis en place sur un dispositif de ficher randomiser avec trois (3) blocs, six (6) parcelles élémentaires par bloc. Sept (7) caractères agro morphologiques liés aux composantes du rendement et de la couleur des graines ont été étudiés. L'analyse statistique descriptive a montré que les coefficients de variation vont de 6,5 à 66,3%. L’analyse de la variance a montré des différences significatives entre les morphotypes sur les différents caractères agronomiques. Les variables les plus pertinentes qui permettent de décrire la variabilité entre les groupes des morphotypes étudiés sont le poids de gousses par plante (PG/P) (53,539 ± 32,79 g), la longueur moyenne de graines par plante (Lmg/P) (10,43 ± 1,06 mm) et la largeur moyenne de graine par plante. (Lamg/P) (8,61 ± 0,87 mm). Ces caractères analysés peuvent ainsi constituer des critères de base pour différencier les morphotypes et servir pour une étude de variabilité entre les morphotypes de voandzou du Niger.
In Niger, the diversity of voandzou is little known but the variability is quite large when certain seed characteristics are considered. The general objective of this study is to evaluate the agro-morphological performance of six (6) morphotypes of voandzou cultivated in Niger in order to identify the most promising morphotypes on the basis of their agronomic and morphological performance (seed coloring). These morphotypes were chosen following a separation on the basis of their coloration. The morphotypes were then evaluated on the experimental site of the Faculty of Agronomy of Abdou Moumouni University, located in commune 5 of Niamey. The data were collected through an agronomic trial set up on a randomized file system with three (3) blocks, six (6) elementary plots per block. Seven (7) agro morphological characters linked to the components of yield and seed color were studied. Descriptive statistical analysis showed that the coefficients of variation range from 6.5 to 66.3%. The analysis of variance showed significant differences between the morphotypes of the different agronomic characters. The most relevant variables that make it possible to describe the variability between the groups of the morphotypes studied are the weight of pods per plant (PG/P) (53,539 ± 32,79 g), the average length of seeds per plant (Lmg/P) (10,43 ± 1,06 mm) and the average width of seeds per plant (Lamg/P) (8,61 ± 0,87 mm). These analyzed characters can thus constitute basic criteria to differentiate the morphotypes and serve for a study of variability between the morphotypes of voandzou of Niger
Land use change and urban heat islands in the seaside town of Kribi (Cameroon): Vulnerability and adaptation strategies
Get PDFUrban heat islands (UHIs) are a pervasive manifestation of climate change in cities worldwide. In African coastal cities, often situated in low-lying areas with stagnant air, rapid demographic growth, and irreversible land-use changes, the proliferation of heat islands poses significant risks to vulnerable urban populationsa. This study investigates the interplay between land-use changes, the rise of heat islands, and the vulnerability of city dwellers in the seaside and port city of Kribi, Cameroon. It also explores effective adaptation strategies to mitigate the impacts of heat islands. Google Earth (GE) imagery from 2015, 2019, and 2023 is employed to assess land-use dynamics. Surface temperatures are analyzed for 2015, 2017, 2019, and 2023 using Landsat 8&9 imagery and Qgis 2.18 software. Meteoblue meteorological data is used to validate the findings. A GPS survey of air conditioners in Kribi, conducted using the SWMap mobile application, provides insights into stakeholder involvement and air conditioner categories. Additionally, a questionnaire administered to 200 city dwellers gathers information on their vulnerability to heat islands and mitigation strategies. Currently, surface temperatures in Kribi are projected to range between 26°C and 35°C between 2015 and 2023, with significant spatial variations in heat islands. To cope with these rising temperatures, most building occupants rely on air conditioning. Over 41% of surveyed city dwellers use air conditioning in their homes, with the highest proportion found in hotel and catering facilities (52%), followed by service offices (16%) and private homes (14%). Green space in Kribi has drastically declined between 2015 and 2023. In 2015, green space constituted 5,169 ha (83%), but by 2023, it had shrunk to 2,516 ha (43%), a loss of 261 ha. This decline was consistent between 2015 and 2019, with green space falling from 4,908 ha (83%) to 2,516 ha (43%)
Profil de la Transition Sanitaire en République du Congo
Get PDFL’Afrique, comme les autres régions du monde, est engagée dans la transition sanitaire qui se caractérise par le fait que les maladies chroniques et non transmissibles supplantent progressivement les maladies infectieuses et transmissibles en tant que principales causes de la morbidité et de la mortalité. Cette étude a pour objectif d’analyser le profil de la transition sanitaire en République du Congo en répondant à trois principales questions : le Congo a-t-il entamé sa transition sanitaire ? Quelles sont les facteurs de cette transition ? Cette transition est-elle spatialement différenciée ? Trois types de sources documentaires ont été utilisées : les rapports et les enquêtes produits au niveau national, les publications scientifiques et les sources internationales. Trois types d’indicateurs sont analysés à différentes échelles spatiales : la morbidité, la natalité et les états nutritionnels. De l’étude, il ressort que le Congo a entamé sa transition sanitaire. En effet, même si les maladies transmissibles demeurent encore dominantes, les pathologies non transmissibles représentent une part croissante de la mortalité. Les pourcentages des décès liés aux maladies transmissibles et non transmissibles sont respectivement passés de 61% et 38% en 2000 à 51% et 48% en 2019. Cela est le résultat de plusieurs facteurs, dont la transition démographique et l’urbanisation avec tous les changements qui en résultent en termes de mode de vie (sédentarité) de pratiques de consommation (alimentaires, alcool et tabac…). Cette transition sanitaire est une source de nouveaux défis sanitaires aussi bien en termes de prévention et de prise en charge des pathologies chroniques que de réorganisation du système de soins. Il faudra aussi mieux articuler les politiques publiques de santé en fonction des contextes sociogéographiques.
Africa, like other regions of the world, is engaged in the health transition, characterized by the gradual replacement of infectious and communicable diseases by chronic and non-communicable diseases as the primary causes of morbidity and mortality. This study aims to analyze the health transition profile in the Republic of Congo by addressing three main questions: Has Congo begun its health transition? What are the drivers of this transition? Is this transition spatially differentiated? Three types of documentary sources were used: national reports and surveys, scientific publications, and international sources. Three types of indicators were analyzed at different spatial scales: morbidity, birth rates, and nutritional status. The study reveals that Congo is undergoing a health transition. Indeed, while communicable diseases remain dominant, non-communicable diseases represent an increasing share of mortality. The percentage of deaths attributed to communicable and non-communicable diseases shifted from 61% and 38% in 2000 to 51% and 48% in 2019, respectively. This shift is the result of several factors, including demographic transition and urbanization, along with the resulting changes in lifestyle (sedentarism) and consumption practices (food, alcohol, and tobacco). This health transition presents new health challenges, both in terms of prevention and management of chronic diseases and the reorganization of the healthcare system. It will also be necessary to better integrate public health policies according to the socio-geographical contexts