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Péritonite Biliaire Primitive Chez l’Enfant : À Propos de Deux Cas au CHUD Borgou-Alibori, Parakou
Get PDFIntroduction : La péritonite aigue généralisée est une urgence médico chirurgicale fréquente dont les étiologies sont diverses. Nous rapportons deux cas rares de péritonite biliaire primitive chez l’enfant dont les suites opératoires ont été simples. Observation clinique : il s’agissait de deux enfants de sexe masculin âgés de 07 et 11ans admis aux urgences pour une douleur abdominale évoluant depuis trois semaines au moins chez qui le diagnostic initial de péritonite aigue généralisée par perforation iléale d’origine typhique probable a été posé. Ils ont tous deux bénéficié d’une laparotomie qui a permis de découvrir une perforation vésiculaire dans le premier cas et une association de perforation vésiculaire et iléale dans l’autre cas. Il a été réalisé une cholécystectomie chez les deux, une résection anastomose iléale chez le second, un lavage et drainage péritonéale Conclusion : la perforation vésiculaire est une lésion rare chez l’enfant et on doit y penser devant une péritonite aigue chez l’enfant.
Introduction: Acute generalized peritonitis is a common medical-surgical emergency with various etiologies. We report two rare cases of primary biliary peritonitis in children at CHUD/B-A whose surgical outcomes were favorable. Clinical observation: These were two male children aged 07 and 11 years admitted to the emergency department for abdominal pain that had been evolving for at least three weeks in whom the initial diagnosis of acute generalized peritonitis by ileal perforation of probable typhic origin was made. They both underwent a laparotomy which revealed vesicular perforation in the first case and a combination of vesicular and ileal perforation in the other. A cholecystectomy was performed in both, an ileal anastomosis resection in the second, and peritoneal lavage and drainage. Conclusion: vesicular perforation is a rare lesion in children and should be considered in the case of peritonitis
“What’s COVID-19 Vaccine Like?” – From A Cognitive Frame to A Similative Proposition
Get PDFFrames and propositions are supposed to be cognitive acts that play a significant role in the perception of reality and the enactment of discursive practices. The linguistic scrutiny of the Covid-19 pandemic discourse could shed light on how the figurative language, similes in particular, are conceptualized by the cognitive structures and represented discursively as surface-level manifestations of the pandemic reality. Thus, the present research is concerned with the analysis of discursive as well as cognitive structures of the figurative language to delineate on relevant theoretical stances. To scrutinize how similes work on a discursive dimension, a discourse analysis is applied, which qualitatively characterizes the concordance lists of the target lingual units obtained from The Coronavirus Corpus https://www.english-corpora.org/corona/. As for the investigation of the cognitive basis of similes, source and target entities/ concepts are identified to focus on the propositional structures. The paper argues that similes as opposed to metaphors explicitly expound propositions and communicative frames in the discourse to avoid incipient cognitive ambiguity of the comparison. The two-fold cognitive shift is evident, which morphs a cognitive proposition into a textual one and lessens the exact sameness. Moreover, discursive elaboration of a simile as a short explanatory phrase transforms into a mini explanatory narrative to provide rational for the novel source concepts of comparison (i.e., computer software, technology, and adventure), which could be rather complex for the human mind to perceive. As it appears, similes may come forward as more tangible cognitive-discursive structures that assist the human mind to cope with novel cognitive comparisons
Identifying Areas of High Gold Potential Using Geochemical Prospecting Methods: The Tenado Area in the Boromo Birimian Belt, West-Central Burkina Faso, West Africa
Get PDFThe investigation area is located in the central-western region of Burkina Faso, in a geological environment that incorporates the Paleoproterozoic formations of the Boromo greenstone belt. This zone already has several gold showings and an active zinc mine, but no major gold deposits. The aim of this study is to define target areas with high gold potential for further prospecting. To meet this objective, we mainly used total rock geochemistry and stream sediment geochemistry methods. The combination of stream sediment gold content and litho-geochemical data has enabled us to highlight two areas of gold (Au) and various metal anomalies. The gold content of stream sediments is mainly influenced by that of the parent rock from which they are derived. In fact, strong gold anomalies are more common in clay sediments than in sandy sediments. These clay sediments are derived from basic rocks (basalt) and intermediate rocks (andesite-dacite), while the gold-poor sandy sediments are derived from granitoids. Basic to intermediate rocks are fertile for primary gold. Anomaly zone one (01) in the northern part of the study area (Kelsio, Zoula, Poa and Dyoro) and anomaly zone two (02) in the southern part of the study area (Kwademan, Baguiomo, Bérédo, Bonga and Baganapou) show occurrences of mainly gold and various metals (Zn, Cu, Ni)
Pre-Treatment Loss to Follow-up of Patients with Bacilloscopy-Confirmed Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the National Center for the Fight Against Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases in Niamey
Get PDFContext: Pre-treatment loss of follow-up (PTLFU) represents a major problem that hinders the management of tuberculosis. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of lost to follow-up patients diagnosed with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (SPPT) and referred to other TB screening and treatment centers (TBSTC).
Method: This was a prospective, descriptive and analytical study conducted over a six month between March and August 2019, in patients diagnosed with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis at NCFATRD and referred to Niamey and Tillaberi centers. The chi-square text was used with a significance level of P ≤ 0.05.
Results: 743 patients were diagnosed with SPPT, and 346 were referred to the TBSTC located in Niamey and Tillaberi cities. The prevalence of loss of follow-up before treatment in both Niamey and Tillaberi cities was 14.45% (50/343). Male represented 82% (41) of the cases with a sex ratio of 4.55. The mean age of our patients was 41.04 years. Patients not attending school and those with primary education represented the majority with 30% each. The majority of PTLFU (95.66%) were new cases of TB. Nearly half (42%) of PTLFU had traveled a distance of 6 to 15 km to get the TB screening. During the phone call follow up, we were able to reach only 12 patients (24%) of which 7 (14%) were deceased.
Conclusion : the prevalence of PTLFU is high, therefore there is a need to reinforce the research of lost to follow up patients in order to improve tuberculosis control and management
Flore et Végétation de la Zone Centrale de l’Habitat de la Girafe au Niger, Afrique de l’Ouest
Get PDFLa présente étude analyse la flore et la végétation en lien avec les variables environnementales de la zone centrale de l’habitat de la girafe. Les relevés floristiques ont été réalisés dans 60 placettes de 1000 m² et 94 de 2500 m² à l’aide de la méthode de Braun-Blanquet. Au total 103 espèces végétales ont été recensées. Ces espèces sont reparties en 84 genres dans 43 familles botaniques dont la plus importante est celle des Poaceae (9 %), suivis par les Mimosaceae, les Caesalpiniaceae, les Combretaceae et les Papilionnaceae (6 % chacune). La Classification Hiérarchiques Ascendante a permis de distinguer quatre groupements végétaux au seuil de 74,76 % de similarité. Les variables environnementales comme la géomorphologie, la végétation, la texture du sol, l’altitude ont un effet significatif sur la distribution des espèces et la structuration de la végétation. On note aussi une prédominance des Thérophytes et des espèces à large distribution telles que les Paléotropicales et les Pantropicales dans les groupements. Ces résultats révèlent le degré d’exploitation de la végétation de la zone par les populations locales et l’aridité du climat sahélien.
This study analyzes the flora and vegetation in relation to the environmental variables of the central zone of the giraffe habitat. Floristic surveys were carried out in 60 plots of 1000 m² and 94 of 2500 m² using the Braun-Blanquet method. A total of 103 plant species have been recorded. These species are divided into 84 genera in 43 botanical families, the most important of which is Poaceae (9 %), followed by Mimosaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Combretaceae and Papilionnaceae (6 % each). The Ascending Hierarchical Classification made it possible to distinguish four plant groups at the threshold of 74.76% similarity. Environmental variables such as geomorphology, vegetation, soil texture, altitude have a significant effect on the distribution of species and the structuring of vegetation. We also note a predominance of Therophytes and widely distributed species such as Paleotropicals and Pantropicals in the groupings. These results reveal the degree of exploitation of the vegetation in the area by local populations and the aridity of Sahelian climate
A Comparative Research and Analysis of the Development of Sustainable Tourism in Georgian and other International Curricula
Get PDFIn recent years, sustainable development has become an important part of educational systems, beginning from primary schools to universities. Consequently, it has evolved into a societal priority. In 2019, the UNESCO adopted the ESD for 2030 framework with the overall objective of building a more just and sustainable world through the achievement of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Education for sustainable development for 2030 framework identifies 5 priority action areas: policy, education and training settings, educators, youth, and communities. Sustainable tourism development has been a commonly used term for many years and is, therefore, an important concept for consideration within tourism degree courses/programs. Based on qualitative research and case study method, this paper focuses on discussing the undergraduate and graduate programs in the context of teaching sustainable tourism in foreign countries, which are compared with the experience of the Georgian Technical University. The aim of the research was to study current educational programs related to sustainable tourism and highlight its importance. In conclusion, it can be asserted that sustainable tourism programs are experiencing a growing demand, with various types of policies being developed. However, the program at the Georgian Technical University stands out on an international scale, having no analogue and being truly unique. At the same time, the results indicate that in many cases, sustainability pedagogy/teaching methods, such as systems and holistic thinking, are not yet widely adopted and are in the process of implementation
Étiologies des Etats d’Agitation Reçus aux Urgences d’un Hôpital de Référence au Bénin
Get PDFIntroduction : L’agitation, symptôme fréquent en milieu hospitalier est source d’une grande confusion au sein du personnel soignant. Sa prise en charge adéquate dépend non seulement de son intensité mais aussi de son étiologie le plus souvent organique.
Objectif : Étudier les états d’agitation dans les services des urgences et de psychiatrie du CHUD-B/A en 2021.
Méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive menée du 1er décembre 2020 au 30 septembre 2021. L’échantillonnage a été exhaustif et a permis d’inclure tous les sujets admis pour un état d’agitation au service des urgences et en psychiatrie.
Résultats : Les états d’agitation ont représenté 4,97% des admissions aux urgences et 10,90% des admissions dans le service de psychiatrie. Le sexe masculin a été le plus représenté (56,47%). L’âge moyen des participants est de 34,48 ans ± 15,94 ans. Plus de la moitié (53,38%) des patients ont présenté une agitation légère. Ils ont bénéficié d’une sédation (86,47%) au diazépam (93,67%) en urgence. 78,24% des états d’agitation sont d’étiologies non psychiatriques à savoir : sepsis (23,31%), troubles métaboliques (21,80%), urgences neurologiques traumatiques (21,80%) ou non (13,53%) et urgences viscérales (13,50%) imposant des moyens thérapeutiques tels que : réhydratation, antalgiques, antibiotiques, transfusion sanguine, laparotomie. L’évolution a été favorable dans 90% des cas et quatre décès ont été recensés (03,01%).
Conclusion : Les principales étiologies des états d’agitation sont les pathologies non psychiatriques. Tout état d’agitation implique donc une exploration toxique, iatrogène organique en priorité.
Introduction: Agitation, a frequent symptom in the hospital environment, is a source of great confusion for nursing staff. Its appropriate management depends not only on its intensity, but also on its etiology, most often organic.
Objective: To study states of agitation in the emergency and psychiatric departments of CHUD-B/A in 2021.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from December 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021. Sampling was exhaustive and included all subjects admitted for agitation to the emergency department and psychiatry.
Results: Agitation accounted for 4.97% of admissions to the emergency department and 10.90% of admissions to the psychiatric ward. Males were most represented (56.47%). The average age of participants was 34.48 ± 15.94 years. More than half (53.38%) of patients presented with mild agitation. They were sedated (86.47%) with diazepam (93.67%) as an emergency measure. 78.24% of agitation states were of non-psychiatric etiology: sepsis (23.31%), metabolic disorders (21.80%), traumatic (21.80%) or non-traumatic neurological emergencies (13.53%) and visceral emergencies (13.50%) requiring therapeutic means such as rehydration, analgesics, antibiotics, blood transfusion and laparotomy. The outcome was favorable in 90% of cases, with four deaths (03.01%).
Conclusion: The main etiologies of states of agitation are non-psychiatric pathologies. Any state of agitation therefore implies a toxic or iatrogenic organic investigation as a priority
Temporal Variability of Rainfall and Trend Analysis of Melloulou Watershed in Morocco
Get PDFThis paper focuses on analyzing the temporal variability of rainfall and rainfall trends using a statistical analysis of rainfall data in the Melloulou watershed for a half-century chronicle (1970-2020). The objective of this study is to extract all the rainfall characteristics and the rainfall variability during this period to determine the rainfall trends. The working method is based on a statistical approach to detect the climatic characteristics of the Melloulou basin. The study of the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the rainfall deficit index (RDI) showed the alternation of very long dry periods with wet periods. The Mann-Kendall test under the RStudio also showed a decreasing rainfall trend
Utilisation Régulière du Préservatif par les Couples Sérodiscordants au Bénin
Get PDFIntroduction : L’utilisation du préservatif au sein des couples sérodiscordants au Virus de l’Immunodéficience Humaine (VIH) est une stratégie de prévention efficace et largement recommandée, en complément aux autres méthodes de prévention. Pourtant, les réalités socio culturelles africaines réduisent l’utilisation du préservatif aux relations extraconjugales ou occasionnelles. L’objectif de cette étude était d’une part de déterminer la prévalence et les facteurs associés à l’utilisation régulière du préservatif masculin au sein des couples sérodiscordants de la ville de Parakou et d’autre part de décrire les raisons qui motivent l’adoption ou non de ce comportement. Cadre et méthodes d’étude : Cette étude s’est déroulée sur les sites de prise en charge (PEC) de la ville de Parakou, au nord-est du Bénin. Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale multicentrique mixte, quantitative et qualitative. Sur la base d’un échantillonnage non probabiliste par commodité, les participants ont été recrutés sur la période de 7 mois, allant d’août 2022 à février 2023. Les sujets séropositifs au VIH reçus sur les sites de suivi et dispensation d’antiretroviraux (ARV) pendant la période d’étude, âgés de 18 ans et plus, engagés dans une relation sérodiscordante à long terme et consentants ont été retenus. Pour le volet quantitatif de l’étude, un échantillonnage non probabiliste par commodité a permis de recueillir des données sociodémographiques, économiques, comportementales de même que les antécédents à partir d’un questionnaire. Quant au volet qualitatif, il s’est agi de recueillir les perceptions et motivations des enquêtés, dans le but descriptif, afin d’expliciter les données recueillies par l’enquête quantitative.
Résultats : Au total, 299 participants ont été enquêtés dans le cadre de l’enquête quantitative parmi lesquels 18 ont été entretenus pour le volet qualitatif. L’utilisation régulière du préservatif concernait moins de 5% des enquêtés (4,68%). Dans cette population d’utilisateurs réguliers du préservatif, les jeunes (71,43% avaient entre 30 et 49 ans) et les femmes (85,71%) étaient les plus représentés. La plupart d’entre eux (71,43%) avaient un niveau d’instruction secondaire et plus et résidaient en milieu urbain (78,57%), avec un revenu inférieur à 50.000 francs CFA (64,28%), étaient mariés (85,71%) sous un régime polygame dans 57,14% des cas. Près de 29% des sujets utilisant systématiquement le préservatif dans leur couple étaient testés positifs pour l’hépatite B et 21,43% démontraient une mauvaise observance du traitement antiretroviral (TAR). L’évaluation de leurs connaissances a révélé que 92,86% d’entre eux connaissaient le préservatif comme moyen de prévention de la transmission du VIH mais seulement 7,14% connaissaient le rôle préventif de la thérapie anti retrovirale (TAR) et aucun celui de la prophylaxie pré-exposition (PrEP). Les facteurs associés à l’utilisation régulière du préservatif étaient : l’attitude des personnes vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH) face à la maladie (p = 0,039) et le stade clinique de l’infection (p = 0,007). Les perceptions des enquêtés sur l’utilisation du préservatif au sein du couple se rapportaient aux relations occasionnelles ou débutantes. Les facteurs facilitant l’utilisation régulière du préservatif étaient : une utilisation du préservatif antérieure au dépistage positif, les recommandations insistantes des agents de santé, la gratuité des préservatifs, la communication saine sur le VIH dans le couple, et les menaces des conjoints. Les barrières retrouvées étaient : l’absence de partage du statut sérologique avec le conjoint, la mauvaise perception de l’usage du préservatif dans un couple stable, le déni de la maladie ou la banalisation du risque de transmission et le besoin de prouver à l’autre son amour et sa confiance. Conclusion : L’utilisation régulière du préservatif au sein des couples stables sérodiscordants est trop faible pour que cette stratégie puisse réduire efficacement à elle seule le risque de transmission sexuelle de l’infection au partenaire séronégatif. Les raisons du rejet du préservatif sont essentiellement d’ordre social et conjugal tandis que certains facteurs cliniques améliorent les chances d’adopter ce comportement. Le rôle du système de santé est déterminant pour l’accompagnement de ces couples. Des actions de sensibilisation doivent être menées à l’endroit de la population générale afin d’améliorer en amont de l’infection la perception de l’utilisation du préservatif au sein du couple.
Introduction : Condom use in HIV-serodiscordant couples is an effective and widely recommended prevention strategy, complementing other prevention methods. However, African socio-cultural realities restrict condom use to extramarital or casual relationships. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with regular condom use among serodiscordant couples in the city of Parakou, and to describe the reasons for adopting or not adopting this behavior. Study setting and methods : This study was carried out at care sites in the city of Parakou, in northeastern Benin. It was a mixed quantitative and qualitative multicenter cross-sectional study. Based on non-probability sampling for convenience, participants were recruited over the 7-month period from August 2022 to February 2023. HIV-positive patients received at antiretroviral (ARV) monitoring and dispensing sites during the study period, aged 18 and over, engaged in a long-term serodiscordant relationship and consenting were selected. For the quantitative part of the study, non-probability sampling was used to collect socio-demographic, economic and behavioral data, as well as antecedents, using a questionnaire. As for the qualitative component, the aim was to collect the perceptions and motivations of the respondents, for descriptive purposes, in order to clarify the data collected by the quantitative survey. Results : A total of 299 participants were interviewed for the quantitative survey, 18 of whom were interviewed for the qualitative component. Regular condom use concerned less than 5% of respondents (4.68%). In this population of regular condom users, young people (71.43% aged between 30 and 49) and women (85.71%) were the most represented. Most of them (71.43%) had a secondary education or higher, lived in urban areas (78.57%), had an income of less than 50,000 CFA francs (64.28%), were married (85.71%) and were polygamous in 57.14% of cases. Nearly 29% of subjects who systematically used condoms in their relationship tested positive for hepatitis B, and 21.43% showed poor compliance with ART. An assessment of their knowledge revealed that 92.86% knew about condoms as a means of preventing HIV transmission, but only 7.14% knew about the preventive role of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and none about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Factors associated with regular condom use were : Persons living with HIV's attitude to the disease (p = 0.039) and clinical stage of infection (p = 0.007). Respondents' perceptions of condom use within the couple were related to occasional or beginning relationships. Factors facilitating regular condom use were : habitual condom use prior to positive testing, insistent recommendations from health workers, free condoms, healthy communication about HIV within the couple, and threats from HIV-negative spouses. As for the barriers found, these were: failure to share serostatus with the partner, bad perception of condom use in a stable couple, denial of the disease or trivialization of the risk of transmission, and the need to prove love and trust to the partner. Conclusion : Regular condom use in stable serodiscordant couples is too low for this strategy alone to be effective in reducing the risk of sexual transmission of infection to the HIV-negative partner. The reasons for condom rejection are essentially social and marital, while certain clinical factors improve the chances of adopting this behavior. The role of the healthcare system is decisive in supporting these couples. Public awareness campaigns are needed to improve the general perception of condom use within couples
The Determinants of Success in the Implementation of Information Technology in Moroccan Companies: Exploratory Case Study
Get PDFThe study, which is being conducted in the context of the widespread use of information technology in Moroccan companies, focuses on examining the success factors of IT implementation. This is a crucial step in maximizing the value of information technology investments. The goal is to address concerns regarding the delay in digital transformation and the role of information technology in establishing a sustainable and irreplaceable competitive advantage. The research methodology utilizes a qualitative approach, specifically a single case study with semi-structured interviews for data collection. The theoretical framework incorporates the resource-based view (RBV) and contingency theories. The key findings of the study emphasize the challenges encountered during information technology implementation, especially concerning the complementarity of organizational and human resources with information technology resources. Based on these challenges, the factors contributing to successful information technology implementation are categorized into three groups: pre-implementation phase, alignment of information technology strategy, and collaboration and coordination among all stakeholders involved in the implementation process