European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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DeepLeaf: Automated Leaf Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Get PDFThis paper presents a methodology for automated classification of leaves using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Leaf classification plays a crucial role in various domains such as agriculture, botany, and environmental science. Traditional methods for leaf classification often rely on manual feature extraction and handcrafted classifiers, which can be time-consuming and limited in their accuracy. In this work, we propose a deep learning approach that leverages the power of CNNs to automatically learn discriminative features from leaf images. The proposed framework consists of several key stages: preprocessing, data augmentation, model architecture design, training, and evaluation. The leaf images are preprocessed to enhance quality and normalize dimensions. Data augmentation techniques are applied to increase the diversity of the training dataset and improve the generalization capability of the model. The CNN architecture is carefully designed to effectively capture hierarchical features present in leaf images. We train the CNN using a large dataset of labeled leaf images, employing techniques such as transfer learning to utilize pre-trained models to optimize training efficiency.. The trained model is evaluated using various metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score on a separate test dataset. The experimental results showcase the proposed approach's effectiveness in accurately classifying various leaf types. Overall, this study showcases the promising capabilities of deep learning techniques for automated leaf classification, paving the way for advanced applications in plant biology and agriculture
Lamiaceae Family Plants as Natural Solutions for Inflammation and Blood Sugar Management
Get PDFThe Lamiaceae family, including common herbs like rosemary and mint, is being investigated for its potential health benefits. In addition to numerous health benefits, research is looking into these plants' anti-inflammatory qualities and potential impacts on blood sugar regulation. More specifically, the Greek endemic Lamiaceae plants are proven to be of great importance, regarding their bioactive compounds and the antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties they have. The study's objective was to compile information from the literature regarding the anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties of Origanum rotundifolium, Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavendula angustifolia, and Thymus serpyllum. Lavender angustifolia is used for many traditional medical and cosmetic products. Several studies demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory mechanisms exhibited by Rosmarinus officinalis. Leukocyte migration was found to be significantly inhibited in vivo by rosemary essential oil and extract. Changes in the gut microbiota induced by essential oils rosemary as prebiotics in mice regulated cardiovascular and metabolic factors, which focus on the potential of these nutraceuticals for reducing Ischemic heart disease risk in patients affected by type-2 diabetes mellitus. A mixture of Origanum majorana and Origanum vulgare plants investigated antidiabetic activities in zebrafish. The Lamiaceae family provides a natural source of substances that may be used in functional foods. These functional meals have the potential to improve general health and help manage chronic illnesses. The precise mechanisms of action of these plants and the best doses for use in functional food applications require more investigation
Évaluation du niveau de consommation des fruits et légumes chez les étudiants de l’Université Felix Houphouët-Boigny de Côte d’Ivoire en 2018
Get PDFIl s’agit d’une étude transversale à visée descriptive ayant pour objectif principal d’évaluer le niveau de la consommation des fruits et légumes dans l’alimentation des étudiants de l’Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny de Côte d’Ivoire. En effet, une enquête de consommation alimentaire a été réalisée du 06 Août au 06 Novembre 2018 dans une population de 992 étudiants volontaires, d’âge moyen de 22,1 ans, dominée par le sexe masculin. Elle a révélé une très faible consommation des fruits et des légumes dans la population. Les facteurs liés à ce faible niveau de consommation ont été identifiés. Il s’agit de l’inhabitude à la consommation, du coût élevé, de la mauvaise qualité des fruits et légumes vendus sur les marchés, des allergies alimentaires et des interdits culturels. Cette situation pourrait avoir de graves répercussions sur l’état de santé des apprenants à savoir, les carences en micronutriments et l’exposition aux maladies chroniques telles que le cancer, le diabète, l’hypertension artérielle, l’accident vasculaire cérébral, etc. Elle se présente comme un problème nutritionnel sérieux qui nécessite la mise en place de stratégies basées sur l’évidence en vue de trouver des solutions durables.
This is a cross-sectional study with a descriptive aim whose main objective is to evaluate the level of consumption of fruits and vegetables in the diet of students at the Felix Houphouët-Boigny University of Ivory Coast. Indeed, a food consumption survey was carried out from August 6 to November 6, 2018, in a population of 992 student volunteers, with an average age of 22.1 years, dominated by males. It revealed a very low consumption of fruits and vegetables in the population. The factors linked to this low level of consumption have been identified. These include unfamiliarity with consumption, high cost, poor quality of fruits and vegetables sold in markets, food allergies, and cultural prohibitions. This situation could have serious repercussions on the health status of learners, namely micronutrient deficiencies and exposure to chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, etc. It presents a serious nutritional problem that requires the implementation of strategies based on evidence to find sustainable solutions
Qualité trophique des étangs piscicoles dans la région d’Azaguié Abey (Côte d’Ivoire) à partir des taxons phytoplanctoniques
Get PDFLes aliments non consommés issus des élevages de poissons, leurs fèces et certaines pratiques liées aux activités piscicoles peuvent entrainer des conséquences néfastes sur l’état sanitaire des structures d’élevage. L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer la qualité trophique des étangs piscicoles sur le lac de barrage Abey à Azaguié, à partir des taxons phytoplanctoniques. Les paramètres physico-chimiques tels que la température (Cº), le pH, l’oxygène dissous (mg/L), la transparence (m), les nitrates (mg/L) et les orthophosphates (mg/L) ont été mesurés. Des clés de détermination ont permis d’identifier les principaux groupes d’algues et leur quantification a été faite par l’utilisation de cellules de Malassez. Les indices d’eutrophie de Nygaard, les indices A, B et C ont permis de déterminer la qualité trophique des différents étangs. Le test non-paramétrique de Kruskal-Wallis a été utilisé pour étudier les différences de significativité entre les valeurs des paramètres environnementaux et entre les données phytoplanctoniques. Hormis les valeurs des orthophosphates, qui sont au-delà de la norme, les autres paramètres environnementaux étudiés, indiquent des eaux propices à la pisciculture. Soixante-six taxons, répartis en 5 embranchements ont été identifiés. Ce sont : les Euglenophyta (30), les Chlorophyta (24), les Bacillariophyta (8), les Cyanoprocaryota (3) et les Dinophyta (1). Concernant la qualité des eaux, le nombre élevé d’Euglenophyta et de Chlorophyta indiquent des milieux riches en matières organiques. Les valeurs des indices trophiques ont montré que les eaux tendent vers une eutrophisation. En effet, l’indice A évoluant de 2,8 à 8,25 indiquent des milieux eutrophes. Les indices B variant de 0,4 à 1,5 indiquent des milieux oligotrophe (lac et grossissement) et eutrophe (alevinage et prégrossissement) et les indices C évoluant de 0,6 à 2 indiquent des milieux eutrophes. Ce travail contribuera à une bonne gestion des étangs en vue d’une activité piscicole saine pour le milieu récepteur et les poissons.
Uneaten food from fish farms, fish faeces and certain practices linked to fish farming activities can have harmful consequences on the health status of breeding structures. The aim of this work is therefore to determine the trophic quality of fish ponds in the Azaguié lake Abey, based on phytoplankton taxa. Physico-chemical parameters such as temperature (Cº), pH, dissolved oxygen (mg/L), transparency (m), nitrates (mg/L) and orthophosphates (mg/L) were measured. Determination keys were used to identify the main groups of algae and Malassez cell made it possible to quantify them. Nygaard’s eutrophy indices, indices A, B and C were used to determine the trophic quality of the different ponds. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to study the significant difference between the values of environmental parameters and between phytoplankton data. Apart from orthophosphates values beyond the norm, the other environmental parameters indicated suitable waters for fish farming. Sixty-six taxa, divided into 5 phyla, were identified : Euglenophyta (30), Chlorophyta (24), Bacillariophyta (8), Cyanoprokaryota (3) and Dinophyta (1). Concerning water quality, high number of Euglenophyta and Chlorophyta indicated environment rich in organic matter. The trophy indices values of the different ponds showed that the waters tend towards eutrophication. Indeed, indices A varying from 2.8 to 8.25 show eutrophic environments. The indices B, varying from 0.4 to 1.5 indicate environments ranging from oligotrophy (lake and growth) to eutrophy (nursery and pre-growth) and Indices C, evolving from 0.6 to 2, indicate eutrophic environments. The conclusions of this work, will contribute to good management of ponds with a view to healthy aquaculture activity for the receiving environment and the fish
Guarantees of Protection of Animals and Birds in Criminal Law: A Case Study of Georgia
Get PDFAnimals and birds play an important role in human life, and the creation of a robust legal framework for the protection of their rights has been discussed many times. To date, Article 259 of the Criminal Code of Georgia has undergone several legislative changes, none of which were fundamental. The main changes involved increasing the sentences. As seen in Article 259 of the Criminal Code of Georgia, it cannot fully enumerate all the actions for which a person can be punished. A person may commit an act against an animal and/or bird that is not explicitly punishable under criminal law. Article 259 of the Criminal Code protects animals from torture, ill-treatment, and other forms of violence, while Article 104 of the Code of Administrative Offenses addresses improper treatment. Despite the existence of these articles, it is difficult to determine whether a person's action constitutes an administrative law violation or criminal liability. Additionally, the legislator uses such terms that make it even more difficult to solve the issue
The Impact of ESG Ratings on Investment Decisions in the Energy Sector During Uncertain Times
Get PDFWith increasing global awareness of sustainability, the financial sector must inevitably adapt. Our research investigates the role of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) ratings in investment decision-making, particularly in the energy sector, by examining their impact on portfolio performance. The study aims to assess the impact of ESG integration on portfolio risk and returns. Using data from the SP500 index, econometric models and Monte Carlo simulations are employed to evaluate how ESG considerations influence portfolio optimization and risk management. The study reveals that integrating ESG criteria into investment strategies, especially during market volatility, may not always directly affect returns, they provide significant benefits in terms of risk mitigation and ethical investment alignment
La gestion adaptative comme approche pour améliorer la performance des projets de développement rural au Cameroun
Get PDFL’objectif principal de cet article est de répondre au besoin d’amélioration de la performance des projets de développement, partant, de contribuer à l’efficacité de l’aide publique au développement. Cette question est au cœur des préoccupations du Gouvernement camerounais qui fait face au défi permanent d’améliorer les conditions de vie de sa population rurale. L’approche d’étude est explicative et s’attache à identifier les causes du problème afin de faire des propositions qui tiennent compte de l’incertitude rencontrée par la plupart des projets de développement. Après la revue de la littérature, l’état de l’art et le diagnostic, l’analyse des données met en évidence la nécessité de faire face aux risques dans la gestion des projets de développement. L’accent est donc mis sur la gestion adaptative qui propose un cadre managérial dont la performance dépend de la capacité de l’équipe projet à faire face aux risques et aux incertitudes tout au long du cycle de vie du projet. Loin d’ignorer les aspects techniques et les mérites des approches standards traditionnelles telles que le Cadre Logique (CL) utilisé dans la plupart des projets de développement au Cameroun, la gestion adaptative est une approche managériale qui s’adapte aux projets complexes tels que les projets de développement rural en mettant l’accent sur l’apprentissage et la prise de décision structurée pour résoudre les problèmes dans des contextes d’incertitude permanente.
The main objective of this article is to respond to the need for improvement of the development project's performance and, from there, contribute to the effectiveness of public development aid. This question is at the heart of the Cameroon Government concerns which faces the permanent challenge of improving the living conditions of its rural population. The study approach is explanatory and focuses on identifying the causes of the problem in order to make proposals that take into account the uncertainty encountered by most development projects. Following the review of the literature, the state of the art, and the diagnosis, the analysis of the data highlights the need to face risks in the management of development projects. The emphasis is therefore placed on adaptive management which offers a managerial framework whose performance depends on the ability of the project team to deal with risks and uncertainties throughout the project life cycle. Far from ignoring the technical aspects and the merits of the traditional standard approaches such as the Logical Framework used in most development projects in Cameroon, adaptive management is a managerial approach that adapts to complex projects such as rural development projects with an emphasis on learning and structured decision-making to solve problems in contexts of permanent uncertainty
Case Study: An Evaluation of an ESP Textbook Used at the College of Business Studies in Kuwait from the Learners' Perspective Regarding Its Alignment with Future Career Requirements
Get PDFA key aspect of learning English is evaluating the materials. It is regarded as a cornerstone in the field of English for Specific Purposes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate an ESP textbook that is taught at Kuwait's College of Business Studies. It looks at how learners perceive the textbook. The study also aims to determine whether the textbook helps in preparing learners for their future business careers. A series of research instruments, including a questionnaire, a checklist, and interviews, were developed for this purpose. The results proved that the learners' opinions of the textbook varied. While a minority of students felt that the textbook was unsuitable for their level of English proficiency, the majority of students liked it and thought it was useful and met their requirements. The results also proved that the textbook prepared the learners for their future careers to a certain degree