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Quantification et caractérisation des Déchets de Mangue au Burkina Faso
Get PDFLe potentiel des déchets générés par la filière mangue au Burkina Faso n'a pas encore été précisément déterminé et demeure insuffisamment documenté, malgré leur importance sur les plans économique et environnemental. Cet article vise à évaluer les quantités de déchets issues de la chaîne de valeur de la filière mangue générées chaque année, incluant la production, la commercialisation, la transformation et la consommation au Burkina Faso. Pour y parvenir, des données primaires et secondaires ont été collectées de 2016 à 2023 dans les zones à forte production de déchets de mangue, puis analysées par des calculs de tendance centrale et de dispersion (moyenne, somme des moyennes, écart-type) par maillon de la filière puis au niveau national. Les résultats indiquent que la filière mangue produit en moyenne chaque année entre 100513,66 et 116122,04 tonnes de déchets au Burkina Faso, soit entre 46,2% et 53,4% de la production nationale de mangue fraiche. La transformation représente la plus grande part des déchets avec 41%, suivie de la production (30,37%), de la consommation locale (15%) et des exportations (13,59%). Au niveau de la transformation, les déchets représentent en moyenne 545,35% des mangues fraiches encaissées traitées dans ce maillon, pouvant atteindre 94,16% ou descendre à 12,5%. Dans le maillon de la production, 15% des mangues produites sont déclassées, et le secteur commercial enregistre un taux de 30%. Cette énorme quantité disponible de déchets recommande de vite trouver ou identifier une ou des méthodes appropriées de gestion des déchets qui pourront être facilement adoptées par un grand nombre d’acteurs afin d’empêcher les effets néfastes probables sur l’environnement et le vivre-ensemble.
The potential of waste generated by the mango sector in Burkina Faso has not yet been precisely determined and remains insufficiently documented, despite their economic and environmental importance. This article aims to evaluate the quantities of waste from the mango value chain generated each year, including production, marketing, processing, and consumption in Burkina Faso. To achieve this, primary and secondary data were collected from 2016 to 2023 in areas with high production of mango waste, then analyzed by central tendency and dispersion parameters calculations (mean, sum of means, standard deviation) by link in the sector and at the national level. The results indicate that the mango sector produces on average each year between 100,513.66 and 116,122.04 tons of waste in Burkina Faso, which represents between 46.2 and 53.4 percent of the national production of fresh mango. Processing represents the largest share of waste with 41%, followed by production (30.37 percent), local consumption (15 percent), and exports (13.59 percent). At the processing level, waste represents on average 55.35 percent of processed cashed wild mangoes, which can reach 94.16 percent or fall to 12.5 percent. In the production sector, 15 percent of mangoes are downgraded, and the commercial sector records a rate of 30 percent. This enormous available quantity of waste recommends quickly finding one or more appropriate methods for their management in order to prevent the probable harmful effects on the environment and living together
Neural Network Approaches for Early Breast Cancer Detection
Get PDFBreast cancer research remains essential due to its high mortality rates and the critical need for improved diagnostic accuracy. This study investigates the application of neural network techniques to enhance early breast cancer detection, utilizing Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) implemented in MATLAB. By analyzing datasets from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, specifically the Coimbra and Wisconsin Breast Cancer datasets, this research demonstrates the accuracy and efficiency of neural networks in classifying malignant and benign cases. Methodologically, the study involves data preprocessing, ANN pattern recognition modeling, and testing across multiple metrics including confusion matrices and ROC plots to validate the model's predictive performance. The findings underscore the potential of neural networks as a diagnostic support tool, facilitating faster and more accurate cancer detection, thereby contributing to improved patient outcomes and supporting global health initiatives for early diagnosis
Selection and phenotypic stability of M4 mutants of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) derived from gamma rays induced mutagenesis in Niger
Get PDFGamma irradiation mutagenesis is an approach that offers a wide range of possibilities for varietal selection. In the simultaneous induction of multiple mutations to modify several plant traits. The aim of the present study was to select seed lots for four mutants of the M4 generation. An experiment was carried out in an experimental plot to purify drought-tolerant M4 genotypes based on morphological characteristics. Potential mutants MI 02/82, MI 13/63, MI 12/72, and MI 10/54 were tested in a randomized complete block design. The parameters measured were: the number of tillers, stem height, number of internodes, number and length of ears, stem and spike diameters, and cycle duration. A dendrogram was first generated to identify the homogenous subgroups. Then an analysis of variance ANOVA was conducted between individuals of the same subgroups to evaluate the variance. On morphological parameters, results showed that MI 13/63 and MI 10/54 genotypes have a homogeneous population from M4 onwards. MI 12/72 can be classified into two different subgroups according to ear length. MI 02/82, on the other hand, showed a high degree of variability at M4. These results will contribute to the selected new varieties adapted to the needs of rural producers in order to improve the productivity of pearl millet in Niger
Cartographie des fractures productives en eau souterraine dans le bassin versant de la Bénoué : apport de la géomatique
Get PDFL’objectif de ce travail est de produire la carte de fracturation de la zone étudiée et identifier les failles porteuses de minéralisation d’eau à travers l’usage couplé de télédétection et des SIG. Pour ce faire, l’image Landsat OLI et SRTM sont utilisées pour visualiser, modéliser le bassin versant et ressortir les structures linéamentaires à travers la combinaison de la méthode automatique et l’extraction manuelle par filtrages directionnels. A l’issue des différentes opérations ayant conduit à la validation de la carte de fracturation, il ressort que le bassin versant amont Bénoué est une zone fortement fracturée avec une densité de fracturation comprise entre 3,03 km/Km2 et 8,63 km/Km2. Une campagne d’identification et de collecte des fiches des ouvrages hydrauliques a permis de recenser et géolocaliser 63 puits et 40 forages. Les opérations de traitement ont été effectuées sur les données des ouvrages et 12 forages ont retenus l’attention dans cette étude. A cela s’ajoute les opérations effectuées sur des images pour une meilleure connaissance des aquifères du bassin. Les fiches techniques des ouvrages sont exploitées pour déterminer les principaux paramètres hydrauliques essentiels et ont servi dans l’identification des failles productives en eau. Le calcul de débits d’exploitation et la transmissivité des ouvrages, superposés sur les fractures ou les zones de densité de fracturation élevée ont permis d’identifier, de cartographier et de classer les structures par ordre d’importance. Les résultats de ces calculs a permis de constater que les transmissivités du bassin oscillent entre 0,017 et 0,178 m2/h. Elles illustrent à souhait que les aquifères du socle soudano sahélien du Cameroun ont une forte fonction conductrice.
This work aims to produce a fracturing map of the study area and identify faults carrying water mineralization through the coupled use of remote sensing and GIS. To achieve this, Landsat OLI and SRTM imagery were used to visualize and model the watershed and highlight lineamentary structures, through a combination of automatic methods and manual extraction using directional filtering. At the end of the various operations leading to the validation of the fracturing map, it emerged that the upstream Bénoué watershed is a highly fractured zone, with a fracture density ranging from 3.03 km/Km2 to 8.63 km/Km2. A campaign to identify and collect data on hydraulic structures identified and geolocated 63 wells and 40 boreholes. Processing operations were carried out on the data from the structures, and 12 boreholes received special attention in this study. In addition, image processing was carried out to gain a better understanding of the basin's aquifers. Borehole data sheets were used to determine the main hydraulic parameters and to identify water-bearing faults. Calculations of operating flow rates and transmissivity of structures, superimposed on fractures or zones of high fracture density, enabled the structures to be identified, mapped, and ranked in order of importance. The results of these calculations show that transmissivities in the basin range from 0.017 to 0.178 m2/h. They illustrate that the aquifers of the Sudano-Sahelian basement of Cameroon have a strong conductive function
Perceptions et pratiques sociales associees a la maternité dans le cas de la réclusion chez les odzukru en Côte d’Ivoire
Get PDFLa santé maternelle et infantile est au cœur des Objectifs de Développement Durable. En raison du taux vacillant de mortalité maternelle et infantile, plusieurs dispositions sanitaires sont prises afin d’assurer la santé des populations. Si les consultations prénatales et postnatales sont instituées pour la prise en charge des mères et nouveau-nés, de nombreuses mères Odzukru sont par moment tournées vers une prise en charge traditionnelle. L’adoption de ces pratiques, obéit à des normes et valeurs culturelles de ce groupe social. Parmi ces pratiques, figure la réclusion qui est un frein au recours à la consultation postnatale. L’objectif général de cette étude a été d’analyser l’influence de la réclusion sur le recours aux soins conventionnels de santé maternelle. Cette étude de nature qualitative s’est déroulée dans les villages de Débrimou, Toupah et Niamiambo. S’appuyant sur la technique du choix raisonnée, Le guide d’entretien semi directif a été adressé à vingt et un accouchées, sept conseillères et aides nourrices, trois chefs de village et cinq Agents de santé. Les entretiens ont été enregistrés puis transcrits et traités à partir de la technique du tri-thématique Les résultats de l’étude ont révélé que, la réclusion a un impact significatif sur le recours aux consultations postpartum. En effet, la maternité selon la conception Odzukru est une étape de la vie de la femme qui admet deux dimensions, (physique et spirituelle). La réclusion a pour but de protéger la nouvelle accouchée et le nouveau-né des esprits invisibles. Par ailleurs, c’est une période qui permet à la nouvelle accouchée de se traiter, de se soigner et de récupérer l’énergie perdue au cours de la grossesse et de l’accouchement. Toutefois, quoiqu’aspirant au bien-être de la parturiente et du nouveau-né, ces pratiques adoptées contrastent avec les recommandations sanitaires conduisant parfois à des risques (dépression, vulnérabilité, mortalité maternelle et/ou infantile…).
Maternal and child health is at the heart of the Sustainable Development Goals. Due to the vacillating rate of maternal and infant mortality, several health measures are taken to ensure the health of the population. If prenatal and postnatal consultations are established for the care of mothers and newborns, many Odzukru mothers are at times turned to traditional care. The adoption of these practices obeys the cultural norms and values of this social group. Among these practices is seclusion, which hinders recourse to postnatal consultation. The general objective of this study was to analyze the influence of seclusion on the use of conventional maternal health care. This qualitative study took place in the villages of Débrimou, Toupah and Niamiambo. Based on the technique of reasoned choice, the semi-directive interview guide was planned for twenty-one women giving birth, seven counselors and nursing assistants, three village chiefs and five health workers. The interviews were recorded then transcribed and processed using the tri-thematic technique. The results of the study revealed that seclusion has a significant impact on the use of postpartum consultations. Indeed, motherhood according to the Odzukru conception is a stage in a woman's life which admits two dimensions (physical and spiritual). The purpose of seclusion is to protect the new mother and the newborn from invisible spirits. Furthermore, it is a period that allows the new mother to treat herself, take care of herself and recover the energy lost during pregnancy and childbirth. However, although aspiring to the well-being of the parturient and the newborn, these adopted practices contrast with health recommendations sometimes leading to risks (depression, vulnerability, maternal and/or infant mortality, etc.)
Maternal Perception of Child Feeds With Medicinal Value in Marsabit County, Kenya
Get PDFMedicinal foods are important for enhancing children’s health and preventing common illnesses. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding how mothers perceive these foods and their effectiveness in child nutrition. Therefore, this study aimed to determine maternal perception of medicinal foods used in child feeding. This study adopted a cross-sectional study design. Three-stage sampling technique was used to randomly select 278 eligible households with children aged 6-24 months, for assessment of their perception of child feeds with medicinal value. A questionnaire was used to gather quantitative data. Focus Group Discussion and Key Informant Interview guides were used to collect qualitative data. Univariate analysis was used to obtain the frequency distribution of maternal perception of medicinal foods. The study concludes that maternal perception of medicinal foods has a significant effect on child-feeding practices in Marsabit County, Kenya. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the Marsabit County government conduct scientific research and clinical trials to assess the efficacy and safety of local plants, fruits, and foods used by mothers to treat childhood illnesses and integrate evidence-based findings into community health education. This initiative should involve collaboration between the local health authorities, research institutions, and traditional knowledge holders
Design and implementation of an experimental thermoelectric system from wood waste
Get PDFThis study was carried out at Dino & Fils SA, a wood processing unit in Soa-Cameroon. The aim was to recover energy from wood waste in order to contribute to greater energy flexibility in wood processing units. Specifically, the aim was to assess the quantity of wood waste available on the site and estimate its energy potential, to design and test a system for producing electrical energy from this waste, and to estimate the contribution of this thermoelectric system to meeting the company's energy needs and the associated costs. Wood waste was characterized by taking measurements at each station on the production line, supplemented by monthly production reports and scientific data. For the month of March 2024, the plant produced 3 284 m³ of wood waste or 64% of the gross wood volume. This is equivalent to 2 766 tons for an electrical energy potential of 571 MWh; the company's monthly electricity consumption is estimated at 121 MWh. The experimental thermoelectric system set up, using the TEC1-12715 Peltier module, produced electricity with a total power of 841 W and a Seebeck coefficient of 0.04 V°C⁻¹ by burning 5 kg of sawdust for 85 minutes. On a real scale and under optimum conditions, this system would be an effective and viable solution for covering not only all the energy needs of Dino & Fils SA but also those of surrounding households and offices at a competitive cost of 48 FCFA/kWh
Sustainable Tourism Supported by Drafting of the Crossborder Sustainable Mobility Plan (CBSMP) between southern Italy and Greece: Connections among Gallipoli, Brindisi, Thesprotia, and Igoumenitsa
Get PDFThe development of a Cross-Border Sustainable Mobility Plan (CBSMP) under the European Interreg Greece-Italy Cooperation Programme (2014-2020) highlights the critical need for a synergistic and systemic approach to creating sustainable accessibility models. These models are vital at both international and local levels for fostering environmentally, socially, and economically responsible tourism development. This research addresses the urgent need to design comprehensive sustainability solutions, with transportation playing a pivotal role. The CBSMP was meticulously developed by integrating international, national, and local transport plans and programmes, with particular emphasis on existing Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs). The plan not only proposes alternatives to highly polluting transport options but also lays the foundation for establishing new maritime connections between southern Salento (Italy) and Epirus (Greece), thereby enhancing cross-border mobility and fostering regional integration
Analyzing the Impact of Corporate Hedging on Enterprise Valuation: Evidence from China
Get PDFIn a dynamic global financial landscape marked by unprecedented turbulence, driven notably by the COVID-19 pandemic, corporate hedging practices emerged as a critical tool for managing risks and preserving enterprise value (EV). This research investigated the intricate relationship between corporate hedging and EV, with a specific focus on Chinese-listed firms spanning the period from 2012 to 2023. Employing an extensive sample of 4,574 Chinese-listed firms, the study leveraged the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) model for its empirical analysis. The findings revealed a statistically significant positive impact of corporate hedging on enterprise value, validating the hypothesis that effective risk management strategies contributed to increased firm valuation. Furthermore, the study introduced crucial moderating variables (enterprise ownership and corporate governance index) and uncovered their effects on the relationship between hedging practices and EV. State-owned enterprises and firms with stronger corporate governance mechanisms exhibited a more pronounced positive association between hedging and EV. Overall, this research advanced theoretical frameworks and provided practical insights for corporate leaders, investors, and policymakers navigating the complexities of risk management in a rapidly evolving economic landscape