Revues Scientifiques Marocaines
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Sustainable Production of Nano-Activated Carbon from Biomass: Environmental and Economic Perspectives
No full textThe sustainable production of nano-activated carbon (nano-AC) from biomass presents a highly promising approach for environmental remediation and a wide range of industrial applications. This review comprehensively examines diverse biomass feedstock, emphasizing their chemical compositions and sustainability considerations that directly affect carbon yield and quality. It further evaluates various synthesis and activation techniques, with a special focus on emerging green methods that improve material properties while minimizing environmental impacts. Detailed discussion on material characterization and adsorption performance of biomass-derived nano-AC is provided, along with the challenges related to reproducibility and scale-up processes. Environmental perspectives are assessed through life cycle assessments, highlighting sustainability benefits and key impact categories. Economic factors, including cost drivers, market dynamics, and commercialization barriers, are also critically reviewed. The paper concludes by identifying current challenges and research gaps, and suggesting future directions aimed at fostering the development of eco-friendly, cost-effective nano-activated carbon technologies that align with circular economy principles and environmental sustainability goals
Exploring the Nutritional Composition and Health-Promoting Properties of Garcinia kola: A Mini Review
No full textGarcinia kola is a tropical medicinal plant that is indigenous to West and Central Africa and has been used by traditional medical practitioners as a source of a broad range of bioactive agents for the treatment of numerous diseases. This review analyzes the key classifications, nutritional content, and health-promoting properties of bitter kola. Bitter cola seeds are rich in proteins, lipids, dietary fiber, and essential micronutrients, which have applications as functional foods and medicines. Phytochemical studies show that bitter kola contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, xanthones, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, which are the basis of its pharmacological activity. Bitter kola has been shown to have strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects, with recent research indicating cardioprotective and immunomodulatory effects. The identified bioactive compounds like kolaviron help in the regulation of the biochemical pathways that are involved in the oxidative stress and inflammation. In conclusion, Garcinia kola possesses excellent nutritional and pharmacological activities which make it a potential candidate for use in nutrition and drug development
Machine Learning and Computational Nanochemistry for Predictive Adsorption Studies
No full textThe integration of machine learning (ML) with computational nanochemistry is significantly advancing predictive adsorption studies by enabling faster, more precise, and scalable modeling of adsorption processes at the nanoscale. This review outlines recent developments in ML techniques including regression models, deep neural networks, and hybrid physics-informed approaches and their combination with computational methods such as density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamics (MD), and Monte Carlo simulations. Critical steps in the workflow, including data collection, feature engineering, model training, and validation, are examined in detail, along with challenges such as limited data availability, issues with model interpretability, and the transferability of models across diverse material systems. Emerging innovations like graph neural networks and active learning are discussed as promising approaches to overcome these challenges. Applications spanning gas storage, catalysis, environmental remediation, and drug delivery showcase the broad impact of these integrated strategies. This comprehensive review aims to assist researchers in leveraging the strengths of ML and computational nanochemistry to accelerate adsorption research and guide materials design
Recent Advances in Statistical Inference: From Classical Paradigms to Bayesian and Likelihood-Based Approaches
No full textAbstract
Statistical inference forms the backbone of data-driven decision-making and has evolved significantly beyond traditional frequentist frameworks. Classical approaches based on hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and p-values have been widely used but face many challenges and limitations when dealing with complex data structures and uncertainty. This review summarizes recent advances in statistical inference, emphasizing the shift toward likelihood-based and Bayesian methodologies. A bibliometric analysis based on Scopus and VOSviewer indicates the top published authors and countries contributing on statistical inference research from 2014 to 2024. This review also highlights the philosophical foundations and methodological developments of these paradigms, highlighting their strengths and practical relevance. Key topics include modern likelihood inference, Bayesian hierarchical models, prior specification, and computational techniques such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo and variational inference. Hybrid approaches, including empirical Bayes methods and information-theoretic criteria, are also discussed as efforts to unify inferential perspectives. The review critically addresses ongoing challenges such as model misspecification, computational scalability, and interpretability, while identifying emerging research directions. In conclusion, the review provides a balanced synthesis of contemporary inferential methods for both theoretical and applied statisticians
المجالس العليا للقضاء: الكائن والمأمول
No full text: الملخص
لطالما تم تقديم المجالس العليا للقضاء باعتبارها الفاعل الرئيسي في المجال القضائي، والمتحكم في تدبير المسار المهني للقضاة، والساهر على تكريس ضمانة الاستقلالية التي لا غنى عنها بالنسبة لأي سلطة قضائية. ونادرا ما أثيرت الشكوك حول دور الجهاز الأخير، وإمكانية تحوله من ضامن لاستقلال القضاء إلى أداة في يد السلطة السياسية تسهم به في توجيه القضاة.
فالتوجه القائم على مركزة سلطة تدبير الشأن القضائي في يد المجلس الأعلى للقضاء تجعل خطر انزياحه عن أدائه للدور المفترض فيه في ضمان استقلال القضاء يغدو أكبر، كما أن مثل هذا الوضع سيشجع باقي السلطات على تعزيز وتنويع تدخلاتها في آليات أداء المجلس لمهامه، من أجل بسط مراقبتها الفعلية عليه.
من خلال هذه المقالة، يحاول الكاتب، بالاعتماد على المنهجين التحليلي والمقارن تسليط الضوء على تجارب مجالس القضاء في كل من دول القانون المدني والمشترك، وكشف الخطوط العريضة للتجربة المغربية بعد إقرار دستور 2011.
خلصت الدراسة للعديد من النتائج تتمثل أهمها في كون مجالس القضاء قد تتحول لأداة سياسية للتحكم في الشأن القضائي، في حال كانت تركيبتها معطوبة سياسيا، وهو ما ستدعي ضرورة تعزيزها من أجل خلق نوع من التوازن بين الاستقلالية والمسؤولية الديمقراطية.
: الكلمات المفاتيح
.مجالس القضاء، وزارة العدل، استقلال القضاء، المسؤولية الديمقراطية
Abstract:
The Higher Councils of the Judiciary have always been presented as the main actors in the judicial field, controlling the management of judges' professional careers and providing the guarantee of independence essential to any judicial authority. Doubts have rarely been raised about the role of the latter body and the possibility that it could be transformed from a guarantor of judicial independence into a tool in the hands of the political authorities that helps to guide judges.
Through this article, the author attempts, using analytical and comparative approaches, to shed light on the experiences of judicial councils in both civil law and common law countries, as well as the broad outlines of the Moroccan experience after the adoption of the 2011 constitution.
The research has produced a number of findings, including that judicial councils could become a political tool for controlling judicial affairs if their structure is politically flawed, which will require strengthening in order to create some sort of balance between independence and democratic accountability.
Keywords: Judicial councils, Ministry of Justice, Judicial independence, Democratic accountability
Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: Empowering Future Teachers for Leadership. E.S.E.F.K. Trainee-Students as A Case Study
No full textIntegrating artificial intelligence (AI) into higher education represents a significant step toward preparing students, especially pre-service teachers for a future dominated by technological advancements. This study examines the perceptions of pre-service teachers at the Higher School of Education and Training (ESEF-Kénitra) regarding the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into their education. Their readiness for an artificial intelligence-driven educational environment is essential for them as future educators and prospective leaders. Accordingly, the study provides an in-depth analysis of the attitudes of 64 teacher trainees regarding the utility of AI, its contribution to leadership skills growth, critical thinking development and whether the integration of AI possesses substantial potential to transform existing educational structures. Results demonstrate a robust favourable attitude towards the integration of ethically-guided AI, which participants assert can improve personalised learning and cultivate vital leadership skills. The study concludes that a strategic, policy-driven approach to AI is essential for higher education institutions to effectively prepare the next generation of educational leaders
Climate Inequality and Environmental Justice: A Sociological Review of Power, Vulnerability, and Resilience
No full textClimate change is not merely an environmental crisis but a profound social justice issue that disproportionately affects vulnerable populations worldwide. This review examines the sociological dimensions of climate inequality and environmental justice, exploring how power structures, socioeconomic disparities, and historical injustices shape differential vulnerabilities to climate impacts. Drawing on critical scholarship and empirical evidence, this article analyzes three interconnected themes: the mechanisms through which climate change exacerbates existing inequalities, the intersection of power and vulnerability in determining climate exposure, and the role of community resilience in challenging unjust environmental burdens. The review highlights how marginalized communities; including low-income populations, racial and ethnic minorities, indigenous peoples, and women, bear disproportionate climate risks despite contributing least to green-house gas emissions. Through examining case studies from both Global North and Global South contexts, this review article demonstrates how environmental justice movements challenge dominant power structures and advocate for equitable climate solutions. The analysis reveals that addressing climate inequality requires transformative approaches that center justice, equity, and the lived experiences of affected communities. This review contributes to ongoing discussions about climate justice by synthesizing sociological perspectives on power, vulnerability, and resilience, ultimately arguing for recognition of climate change as fundamentally a crisis of inequality
Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibition Using Plant-Derived Extracts: Insight into Chemistry and Adsorption Mechanisms
No full textThe increasing emphasis on environmental sustainability has driven extensive research into green alternatives for corrosion control in industrial systems. Plant-derived extracts have gained considerable attention as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors due to their biodegradability, low toxicity, renewability, and cost effectiveness. This review presents a detailed discussion of the application of plant-based extracts for corrosion inhibition of metals exposed to aggressive environments. Particular focus is given to the chemical constituents responsible for inhibition, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, and terpenoids, and their ability to interact with metal surfaces. Fundamental aspects of corrosion processes, adsorption mechanisms, isotherm models, and thermodynamic parameters governing inhibitor performance are critically examined. In addition, commonly used surface analytical techniques and electrochemical methods for evaluating inhibition efficiency are discussed. The review further analyzes reported performance trends, challenges, and limitations associated with plant-derived inhibitors. Finally, future research directions are highlighted, emphasizing the role of computational modeling, hybrid inhibitor systems, and standardized evaluation protocols to enhance reliability and industrial applicability
Removal of Zinc Ion from Aqueous Solution using Carbonized Sugarcane Bagasse: as a Low Cost Material
No full textThis study investigated the potential of carbonized sugarcane bagasse as an eco-friendly biosorbent for the removal of zinc ions (Zn²⁺) from aqueous solutions. The biosorbent was characterized by point of zero charge (PZC) and it was observed the surface of was neutral at pH 7.2 indicating no interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate. Adsorption parameters including effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, initial metal ion concentration and pH were studied. Results demonstrated rapid zinc uptake, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 13.48 mg/g achieved within 10 minutes, highlighting the efficiency of carbonized bagasse. The study revealed that lower adsorbent dosages (0.01 g) and initial zinc concentration (10 mg/L) yielded higher adsorption capacities, suggesting strong mass transfer driving forces. Optimal removal occurred at pH 6, indicating deprotonated functional groups which enhanced Zn²⁺ binding. These results demonstrated that the sugarcane bagasse is a suitable precursor for the preparation of appropriate adsorbent for heavy metal removal from aqueous solution
Numerical Simulation of water Transfer In Unsaturated Soils : Evaluating The Effects of Temperature and Root Activity In water Distribution
No full textIn a complex medium (particularly soil), understanding water movement is essential for optimizing water management in agricultural and natural ecosystems. This article presents a theoretical and numerical study of the effects of temperature and root activity on water retention phenomena in unsaturated soils, focusing on the combined influences of temperature variations and root activity on the vertical and horizontal distribution of water. A numerical model based on the finite element method was developed to simulate water flow in variably saturated porous media (soil), accounting for the impact of temperature on soil hydraulic properties and root water uptake dynamics. The simulations investigate how temperature gradients influence root water uptake, affecting soil moisture distribution and the efficiency of hydration within the root zone. The results indicate that elevated temperatures enhance evapotranspiration and alter the soil matrix potential, resulting in distinct water retention and redistribution patterns depending on soil depth. Furthermore, root activity adapts to thermal variations, significantly affecting water uptake rates and highlighting the crucial relationship between root function and environmental conditions. These results improve the capacity to predict soil-water dynamics across various climate scenarios, providing essential information for sustainable agriculture and ecosystem management