Revues Scientifiques Marocaines
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The challenges of operational risk management in the Maroccan company: a literature review
No full textThis document provides an overview of the main challenges facing operational risk management in Moroccan companies. It also lists the main sources of risk these institutions encounter, such as human, technical, and regulatory risks. The research also highlights gaps in risk identification, assessment, and management in the region, which can be seriously hampered by insufficient resources and low risk appetite, a lack of risk culture or also an inadequate regulatory regime. It also highlights the lack of a coherent strategy to systematically integrate risk management instruments into corporate governance. Given the specific economic and institutional conditions characterizing Morocco, this document proposes greater professionalization of operational risk management. Finally, it suggests avenues for research to further strengthen the capacity of Moroccan companies to anticipate, prevent, and effectively manage these risks in accordance with international best practices and sustainable development needs.
KEYWORDS: Risk, risk management, operational risks, Moroccan companies, challenges.Dans cette revue, l'attention est concentrée sur les problèmes de gestion des risques opérationnels des entreprises marocaines. Elle identifie et discute les types de risques les plus rencontrés (humains, techniques, réglementaires), ainsi que les lacunes des méthodes actuelles d'identification, d'évaluation et de contrôle des risques. L'analyse démontre un manque de culture du risque et les difficultés liées au manque de ressources disponibles et à une structure réglementaire adaptée. Elle recommande une meilleure intégration des outils de gestion des risques dans les stratégies d'entreprise et souligne les directions de recherche qui pourraient être poursuivies dans le contexte économique et institutionnel marocain.
MOTS CLÉS : Risque, gestion des risques, risques opérationnels, entreprises marocaines, enjeux
Entrepreneurial education and startup financing: A systematic review
No full textThe following systematic review considers how the educational levels of entrepreneurs affect their ability to access startup capital. It pinpoints such catalysts as access to capital, capital literacy, self-efficacy of the entrepreneur, and the attainment of soft skills as products of education. This research uses the PRISMA approach for a systematic choice of publications for a stringent, transparent procedure of selecting the publications. By integrating PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the research provides evidence-informed synthesis for policymakers, investors, and entrepreneurs concerning the balance between educational attainment and the success of an entrepreneur. The evidence indicates that higher education improves the credibility of the entrepreneur as well as their appeal as an investor target, especially through enhanced capital literacy as well as strategic planning for the business. Nevertheless, the review considers a nuanced view where over-education, particularly of doctoral level, can have the effect of deterring funding by making the entrepreneur perceived as less adaptable as well as less flexible. The research contributes to both human capital theory as well as signalling theory by providing evidence of how education acts as a signal of capability as well as improving the capabilities of dealing with business challenges, attracting external investors. Finally, the research provides insights for policymakers, entrepreneurs, as well as investors on the essential balance between educational attainment as well as the success of an entrepreneur.
Keywords :
entrepreneurship, finance, education, signaling theory, human capital theor
VARIATION DU TAUX DE CHANGE ET PERFORMANCE PRODUCTIVE DES ENTREPRISES DANS LES PAYS EN DEVELOPPEMENT : CAS DES ENTREPRISES AU BENIN
No full textBenin's trade statistics show that Beninese companies are increasingly involved in international trade. This increases their exposure to exchange rate fluctuations, which can reduce or improve business performance. However, Beninese entrepreneurs claim to have no control over the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on their companies' performance. The aim of this article is to analyze the effect of the degree of exposure to exchange rate variation on the productive performance of Beninese companies. To achieve this objective, we specified an estimated multiple linear regression model with the instrumental variable method. The data used were collected in 2025 on a sample of 153 Beninese importing and/or exporting companies as part of a baseline study by Benin's Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCIB). The analyses revealed that exposure to foreign exchange risk, marked by a variation in the exchange rate, leads to financial losses that reduce the productive performance of Beninese companies. To help Beninese companies better manage exchange rate risk, the government needs to strengthen their capacity to forecast exchange rate trends and develop strategies for hedging exchange rate risks.
Les statistiques sur le commerce du Bénin montrent que les entreprises béninoises sont de plus en plus impliquées dans le commerce international. Une telle situation accroit leur exposition à la variation du taux de change qui peut réduire ou améliorer la performance des entreprises. Cependant, les entrepreneurs béninois affirment ne pas maitriser l’incidence de la variation du taux de change sur la performance de leurs. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser l’effet du degré d’exposition à la variation du taux de change sur la performance productive des entreprises au Bénin. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons spécifié un modèle de régression linéaire multiple estimé avec la méthode de variable instrumentale. Les données utilisées ont été collecté en 2025 sur un échantillon de 153 entreprises béninoises importatrices et/ou exportatrices dans le cadre d’une étude de référence de la Chambre de Commerce et d’Industrie (CCIB) du Bénin. Il ressort des analyses que l’exposition au risque de change, marquée par une variation du taux de change entraine une perte financière qui réduit la performance productive des entreprises Bénin. Pour donc aider les entreprises béninoises à mieux gérer le risque de change, il faut que l’État renforce la capacité des entreprises béninoises dans la prévision de l’évolution du taux de change et sur les stratégies de couverture des risques de change
L'ATTRACTIVITE REGIONALE ET SON INFLUENCE SUR L'ENTREPRENEURIAT DES TPME AU MAROC : CAS DE LA VILLE DE MEKNES
No full textThis study explores how territorial dynamics influence the entrepreneurial behavior of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Morocco, focusing on the case of the city of Meknes. Drawing on regional entrepreneurial ecosystem theory, institutional approaches, and entrepreneurial motivation models, the study examines the interaction between contextual factors (local public policies, administrative procedures, proximity to economic poles) and individual determinants (need for achievement, desire for independence, entrepreneurial ambition). The methodological approach combines Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Generalized Linear Models (GLM) applied to qualitative variables. Results high light the key role of institutional and territorial conditions in activating motivational drivers, revealing a complementarity between intrinsic motivations and the extrinsic environment. This research contributes to a contextualized under standing of entrepreneurship and offers policy insights for tailoring support measures to territorial specificities.
Keywords: territorial entrepreneur ship, SMEs, entrepreneurial motivation, regional attractiveness, entrepreneurial ecosystems, Meknes.Cette étude examine l’influence des dynamiques territoriales sur les comportements entrepreneuriaux des très Petites et Moyennes Entreprises (TPME) au Maroc, en prenant le cas de la ville de Meknès. En mobilisant conjointement les apports des théories des écosystèmes entrepreneuriaux régionaux, des approches institutionnelles et des modèles de motivation entrepreneuriale, l’étude analyse les interactions entre les facteurs contextuels (politiques publiques locales, simplification administrative, proximité d’un pôle d’attractivité) et les déterminants individuels (besoin d’accomplissement, désir d’indépendance, ambitions entrepreneuriales).
L’approche méthodologique repose sur l’Analyse des Correspondances Multiples (ACM) et la modélisation linéaire généralisée (GLM) appliquées à un ensemble de variables qualitatives. Les résultats révèlent l’importance des conditions institutionnelles et territoriales dans l’activation des leviers motivationnels, mettant en évidence une complémentarité entre motivations intrinsèques et environnement extrinsèque. L’étude contribue ainsi à une lecture contextualisée de l’entrepreneuriat et propose des pistes d’adaptation des politiques d’appui aux spécificités territoriales
THE CONTRIBUTION OF MICROCREDIT TO IMPROVING WOMEN'S SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS: THE CASE OF KANKAN URBAN COMMUNITY (REPUBLIC OF GUINEA)
No full textThe objective of this paper is to analyze the contributions of FINADEV’s microcredits to improving the socio-economic conditions of women in the urban municipality of Kankan. To do this, a survey conducted in this municipality allowed us to compile a sample of 119 women interviewed with the help of a questionnaire, as well as 10 women submitted to an interview guide. Using a mixed approach, the results showed that FINADEV’s micro-credits in the urban commune of Kankan have a positive effect on the economic profitability of women’s activities and on strengthening their marital relationships. In this perspective, it would be relevant for policy makers to implement measures to strengthen targeted micro-credit programs, integrate micro-credits into local development policies and promote the financial inclusion of women.L’objectif de ce papier est d’analyser les contributions des microcrédits de FINADEV à l’amélioration des conditions socio-économiques des femmes de la commune urbaine de Kankan. Pour ce faire, une enquête menée dans cette commune nous a permis de constituer un échantillon de 119 femmes interrogées à l’aide d’un questionnaire, ainsi que 10 femmes soumises à un guide d’entretien. En adoptant une approche mixte, les résultats ont montré que les microcrédits de FINADEV dans la commune urbaine de Kankan ont un effet positif sur la rentabilité économique des activités des femmes et sur le renforcement de leurs relations conjugales. Dans cette perspective, il serait pertinent que les décideurs politiques mettent en œuvre des mesures visant à renforcer les programmes de microcrédits ciblés, à intégrer les microcrédits dans les politiques de développement local et à promouvoir l’inclusion financière des femmes
Comparative Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Extract of Leaves of Cissus quandrangularis L. and Cissus rotendifolia: Comparative Antimicrobial Activity of Cissus sp. Extracts
No full textThe study investigates the comparative antimicrobial activity of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts from the leaves of Cissus quadrangularis (CQL) and Cissus rotendifolia (CRL). Both plants, known for their medicinal value due to secondary metabolites like flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenols, were evaluated against four bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) and four fungal strains (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Candida albicans, and Fusarium oxysporum). Methanol extracts demonstrated higher bioactivity than ethyl acetate extracts. CRL methanol extract exhibited the highest antibacterial efficacy, producing inhibition zones of 17 ± 0.3 mm at 500 mg/L against B. cereus. CQL methanol extract showed moderate activity with an inhibition zone of 18 ± 0.4 mm against B. cereus. For antifungal activity, CRL methanol extract was most effective, with inhibition zones reaching 19 ± 0.1 mm against F. oxysporum. CQL ethyl acetate extract displayed the lowest inhibitory zones across all strains. This comparative analysis highlights the potential of CRL methanolic extract as a superior antimicrobial agent. The presence of bioactive compounds in both species emphasizes their potential for developing non-toxic herbal drugs against pathogenic microorganisms. Further isolation and characterization of these compounds are recommended for future therapeutic applications
Impacts socio-économiques de la production et de la commercialisation des SAFOUS issus des plantations cacaoyères dans l’Arrondissement de MAKENENE
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