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OFDM: A Mathematical Review
Get PDFMathematical review of the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is demonstrated in terms of Inter symbol interference, Multi carrier modulated system and cyclic prefix. Modeling of the mathematical equation of the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, Inverse fast Fourier transform and fast Fourier transform is explained with the suitable example using MATLAB. Bit error rate performance of OFDM is also presented with the help of statistical computation
Effect of Partial Replacement of Slag and Nano Silica Infused Slag on Properties of Concrete
Get PDFInvestigations were carried out on the changes in properties of concrete when steel slag is used in concrete in its normal form and after modifying its properties by infusing it with nano-silica. The sand is replaced by steel slag and modified steel slag by 10%, 20% and 30% in M30 grade concrete. Tests results on compressive strength and workability of concrete revealed that compressive strength of concrete cubes after 28 days increased by 25.4%, 26.4% and 45.2% for 10%, 20% and 30% respectively after replacing sand by steel slag. After modification of steel slag properties by infusing it with nano silica, the 28 days compressive strength was observed to be increased by 38.19%, 35.80% and 27.89% for 10%, 20% and 30% as compared to traditional concrete mix respectively after replacement. Infusing steel slag with nano silica increased the compressive strength of concrete mix by 20.17%, 25.74% and 49.64% for 10%, 20% and 30% respectively when compared to normal steel slag concrete mix. It was also observed that using steel slag in concrete mix also influences on water consumption in concrete mix. Workability tests conducted using 0.45 and 0.5 w/c ratio and the inference was that the workability increased with the increase in percentage of steel slag but workability decreases with the increase in percentage of modified steel slag
A Review of Various Swarm Intelligence Based Routing Protocols for Iot
Get PDFThe paper provides insight into various swarm intelligence based routing protocols for Internet of Things (IoT), which are currently available for the Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). There are several issues which are limiting the growth of Internet of Things. These include the reliability, link failures, routing, heterogeneity etc. The MANETs and WSNs routing issues impose almost same requirements for IoT routing mechanism. The recent work of the worldwide researchers is focused on this area. protocols are based on the principles of swarm intelligence. The swarm intelligence is applied to achieve the optimality and the efficiency in solving the complex, multi-hop and dynamic requirements of the wireless networks. The application of the ACO technique tries to provide answers to many routing issues. Using the swarm intelligence and ant colony optimization principles, it has been seen that, the protocols’ efficiency definitely increases and also provides more scope for the development of more robust, reliable and efficient routing protocols for the IoT. As the various standard protocols available for MANETs and WSNs are not reliable enough, the paper finds the need of some efficient routing algorithms for IoT
A Review on Prediction of Academic Performance of Students at-Risk Using Data Mining Techniques
Get PDFEducational data mining is the procedure of converting raw data collected from educational databases into some useful information. It can be helpful in designing and answering research questions like performance prediction of students in academics, factors that affect the students’ performance, help the teachers in understanding the problems faced by the students to understand the course content and complexity of the subject taken so that the teachers can take timely action to control the dropout rate. This also includes improving the teaching learning process so that the interventions can be taken at the right time to improve the performance of the student. This paper is the review of the research work done in the field of educational data mining for the prediction of students’ performance. The factors that influence the performance of the students i.e. the type of classrooms they attend such as traditional or on-line, socio-economic, educational background of the family, attitude toward studies and challenges faced by the students during course progress. These factors leads to the categorization of the students into three groups “Low-Risk”: who have High probability of succeeding, “Medium-Risk”: who may succeed in their examination, “High-Risk”: who have High probability of failing or drop-out. It elaborates the different ways to improve the teaching learning process by providing the students personal assistance, notes, class-assignments and special class tests. The most efficient techniques that are used in educational data mining are also reviewed such as; classification, regression, clustering and and prediction
Optimum Percentage of Sawdust and Brick Ballast in Light Weight Concrete
Get PDFConstruction industry relies heavily on conventional material such as cement, sand and gravel for the production of concrete The river sand and gravels which are most commonly used as fine aggregates and coarse aggregates respectively in the production of concrete, poses the problem of acute shortage in many areas, whose continued use has started posing serious problem with respect to its availability, cost and environmental impact. Attempt is being made in this project to use the locally available waste materials to replace the river sand and gravels to produce light weight and low cost concrete. Sawdust and Brick ballast are easily affordable at low costs, which are partially replaces with river sand and gravels respectively for making concrete. Natural sand and Gravels have been partially replaced (4% SD 8% BB, 4% SD 16% BB, 4% SD 24% BB, 8% SD 8% BB, 8% SD 16% BB, 8% SD 24% BB, 12% SD 8% BB, 12% SD 16% BB and 12% SD 24% BB. by using M30 grade of concrete) with sawdust and broken brick ballast respectively. For this, thirty concrete cubes of size 150mm X 150mm X 150mm have been casted and water cement ratio of 0.42 has been used. Water reducing admixture is used to increase the workability. Slump test, Compacting factor test and compressive strength at (28 days) of specimens having above combinations have been compared with control specimens. The workability and compressive strength gradually decreases for the increasing the replacement percentages. The optimum mix found to produce M30 grade of concrete is 8% of sawdust and 16% of Brick ballast
Investigation of Wave Characteristics with Rotor Type Water Wave Generator
Get PDFWave energy is the most available energy associated in deep water seas and oceans. Therefore, many attempts have been applied to capture these energies. This paper describes the design, construction and testing of water wave flume. The water wave flume contains an electromechanically driven rotor type wave maker to generate water wave powers. The waves are constructed by different sizes and arrangements of blades which are connected to the rotor. The rotor is driven by an ac motor to generate wave. At the end of the tank a force measuring device is attached opposite to the rotor to measure the thrust of the wave. Experimental results are validated with available literature and wave theory. The results also show that the width of the blade play major role in generating wave sizes including frequency, amplitude and the power. Wider blade displaces much water to generate wave but reduces the blade speed
Effects of TNT Blast on Multistory Structure
Get PDFFor the last few years, rebel activities in addition to related intimidation have been a rising concern throughout the world which not only impacts the human life but also leads to loss of property, both structural impacts and its corporeal integrity. Special prominence has also been agreed to nuisance such as explosion and seismic activity. Different STAAD models generated were analyzed, the results of analysis have been discussed in this section. It contains different amount of TNT and varying standoff distance. Each case has its own maximum and minimum displacement which was found by using STAAD Pro V8i. Two different framed structures were used. In one of the cases, we used simple concrete bare frame having only beams and columns, whereas in the other case we used concrete framed structure with shear wall
In Search of Intellectual Stimulation: Understanding the Relationship Between Motivation, Deep Learning and Stimulation in the Higher Education Classroom
Get PDFOne of the key educational notions measured in the National Student Survey (NSS) is intellectual stimulation. This study aimed to find out Higher Education (HE) engineering students’ views of intellectual stimulation with a focus on its measurement and supporting its increase within the classroom environment. A quantitative questionnaire acted as a data gathering instrument. The sample comprised 128 students from Edinburgh Napier University (ENU), Scotland. The survey findings showed a positive correlation and positive agreement between the intellectual stimulation (IS), intrinsic motivation (IM) and deep learning approach (DLA) scales. The students’ feedback suggests that implementation of the new intellectual scale based teaching and learning strategy is useful in intellectually stimulated the students and encouraged them to adopt deep learning approach. The findings suggest the design of an intellectually stimulating environment in HE classroom, should consider students’ learning styles, challenge students, allow the provision of timely feedback and provide opportunities to encourage independent thought. Further, the research suggests, the studied institution should encourage staff to consider the intellectual stimulation scale when constructively aligning learning and teaching with an assessment
Image Processing Techniques: A Review
Get PDFIn today’s scenario image processing is one of the vast growing fields. It is a method which is commonly used to improve raw images which are received from various resources. It is a kind of signal processing. This paper provides an overview of image processing methods. The main concern of this paper is to define various techniques used in different phases of image processing.
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Analysis of Student's Data using Rapid Miner
Get PDFData mining offers a new advance to data analysis using techniques based on machine learning, together with the conventional methods collectively known as educational data mining (EDM). Educational Data Mining has turned up as an interesting and useful research area for finding methods to improve quality of education and to identify various patterns in educational settings. It is useful in extracting information of students, teachers, courses, administrators from educational institutes such as schools/ colleges/universities and helps to suggest interesting learning experiences to various stakeholders. This paper focuses on the applications of data mining in the field of education and implementation of three widely used data mining techniques using Rapid Miner on the data collected through a survey