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The Role of Cultural Heritages on the Physical Transformation of Rural Housing
Get PDFIt is found almost everywhere in the world that there are some taboos and beliefs related with rural settlement. There are taboos and beliefs regarding the homesteads in rural areas. Religion is one of the major factors, which guided the formations of rural houses in Bangladesh. People’s religious belief and culture is reflected over the rural settlements and homestead through the transformation process of rural housing. By the transformation of rural housing certain characteristics like building materials, utilities of space and construction technologies are changed but some elements are conserved as a part of the heritage and beliefs. As transformation is a continuous process, these conservations are carried out by some vernacular way which this paper has discussed about
Effect of Steel Fibers on Reinforced Concrete Opening Corners
Get PDFIn the design of reinforced concrete structures, much of the attention is embarked towards calculation of the strength of basic structural elements like beams, columns and slabs. Comparatively lesser emphasis has been laid on the detailing, corresponding strength and behavior of corner joints, especially those subjected to opening moments as in the case of cantilever retaining walls, bridge abutments, channels, rectangular liquid retaining structures, beam column joints under earthquake loads. The detailing of reinforcement should be easier and simpler in order to expedite the construction process. At the same time structural member should satisfy the fundamental requirements of strength expressed in terms of controlled cracking and ductility. The result of a comprehensive experimental programme to evaluate the structure behavior of opening corners having U type detailing; corners reinforced with fibers is presented in this paper. The parameters of investigation are: strength measured in terms of joint efficiency, ductility, and crack control. A substantial increase in post-cracking tensile strength, ductility and crack control can be achieved by adding steel fibers to the concrete. Therefore U type detailing system investigated previously was tested afresh with crimped-type flat steel fibers having aspect ratio of 30 and 50 at different percentage volume fractions of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 1.75%. The investigations indicate that in the specimen, there is a 30%-35% gain in efficiency with increase in volume fraction up to a certain limit beyond which there is a drop in mix workability and joint efficiency