International Journal of Nutrology
Not a member yet
467 research outputs found
Sort by
Positioning on the Use of Polyols as Table Sweeteners
Get PDFPolyols are poorly digestible carbohydrates present in small amounts in some fruits and vegetables. Xylitol and erythritol are used as table sweeteners. These compounds are widely used in the food industry due to their low-calorie content. Erythritol is the only noncaloric polyol. Xylitol is the sweetest of the polyols, being the only one with sweetness equivalent to sucrose, but with one third of its calories. Clinical studies have shown reductions in the number of plaques, in counts of Streptococcus mutans, and in the number of dental cavities in individuals receiving erythritol and xylitol. Xylitol is also capable of reducing the growth and adherence to the oropharynx of bacteria that cause acute otitis media, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, and several studies have shown that it reduces the risk of this bacterial infection in children. In addition to these effects, polyols can also have beneficial effects on metabolism. Both erythritol and xylitol have been approved by the European Union for use as sweeteners for several years, and replacing sugar with polyols decreases caloric intake, which can reduce body weight and blood glucose in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The safety of polyols is recognized by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), who classifies them as compounds generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Thus, based on available scientific data, the daily consumption of both substances is associated with several benefits and does not represent any risk to human health
Diagnóstico da Doença Inflamatória Intestinal na Criança e Adolescente
Get PDFThe criteria of Porto1 is aligned with the presentation of ESPGHAN because both sources draw attention to the care that must be taken to make the diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in children and adolescents, but especially in children under 6 years old in order to exclude the possibility of primary immunodeficiencies and monogenic diseases. The presentation of ESPGHAN reinforces that is very important the way how we introduce the diagnosis to the family and pediatric patients with IBD. Professionals should, if possible, have a team specialized in pediatric IBD, a pediatrician, pediatric gastroenterologist, nurse, nutritionist, psychologist, etc. IBD has become an increasingly diagnosed in children of all ages. This condition has a particular clinical picture in children compared with adults. Perform early diagnosis is crucial to avoid an additional impact on the nutritional status, pondoestatural and pubertal development. It also requires attention to the consequences of IBD on the psychosocial aspect of children and adolescents, it is common to break school and social activities, especially in those patients with unstable or severe disease, requiring psychological intervention
A Follow-up Study of Overweight Children and Adolescents with Diet Therapy Adjusted by Indirect Calorimetry
Get PDFIntroduction: Changes in lifestyle have led to an increase in the prevalence of excess weight. Several interventions intended to reverse this situation have been tested. Methods: We evaluated changes in the z-score for body mass index in children and adolescents after dietary management adjusted by indirect calorimetry. During 1 year, a monthly follow-up was performed on 27 children and adolescents (8–15 years) with overweight/obesity (z-score for body mass index ≥ + 1); body weight and stature measurements were collected at inclusion, at 6, and at 12 months after indirect calorimetry. Each participant received a diet adjusted by the value of indirect calorimetry. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) was evaluated to understand how to behave according to the bodily changes induced by the intervention. For statistical analyses, repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed. Results: The z-score for body mass index showed a reduction by the end of the study (-0.17 ± 0.05 [p = 0.014]). The BMR dropped during the first 6 months but returned to baseline values after 12 months (p = 0.231). Conclusion: Dietary management adjusted by BMR for obese children and adolescents with excess weight, with monthly appointments, was effective after 12 months of intervention; the weight loss did not cause significant change of BMR in this period
Evaluation of the Scopinaro Modified Technique in the Surgical Treatment of Obesity Compared to the Classic Scopinaro Surgery – Results after an 18-Month Randomized Clinical Trial
Get PDFObjective: To assess whether the modified Scopinaro surgery is as effective and safe as the classic Scopinaro surgery to reduce excess weight, control the comorbidities, and evaluate the onset of clinical and nutritional intercurrences, if any. Methods: The study sample was composed of 28 participants who were randomized to undergo one of the surgical procedures, and who were monitored by a multiprofessional health team to evaluate the impact of the surgery in the treatment of obesity. We assessed the following variables: comorbidities, clinical and nutritional intercurrences and quality of life. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics in Research Committee of Faculdades Integradas de Pitágoras de Montes Claros (under CAAE 26919414.9.0000.5109). All of the participants signed the informed consent form (ICF). Results: The mean pre-surgery body mass index (BMI) for the classic Scopinaro group and the modified Scopinaro group was of 46.89 kg/m2 and 43.22 kg/m2 respectively. After 540 days of the surgery, these values dropped to 32.16 kg/m2 and 28.79 kg/m2. The evaluation of the percentage of excess BMI lost (%EBL) in the period proved the surgical success, with values of 67.33%% for the classic Scopinaro surgery, and of 80.37% for the modified Scopinaro surgery. Control of the comorbidities, as well as a general improvement in the laboratory test results, was achieved by most of the participants subjected to either one of the techniques. Flatulence and diarrhea were the clinical intercurrencesfound as a result of both procedures. Conclusion: We concluded that the modified Scopinaro surgery is as effective and safe as the classic Scopinaro surgery in reducing weight and in the control of comorbidities, and it also presents the possibility of endoscopic access of all of the stomach and duodenum, surgical reversibility, and conversion into another surgical procedure
First 2,200 days of life as a window of opportunity for multidisciplinary action regarding the developmental origin of health and disease: positioning of the Brazilian Association of Nutrology
Get PDFIntroduction: From the beginning of the 21st century, a new concept began to emerge in scientific and social circles: the first 1,000 days of life. Along the same lines, an international movement started in the same period began to discuss the “developmental origin of health and disease”. Numerous problems that affect human beings throughout their life cycle begin in the early years and often can be avoided or minimized when early recognized and addressed. This document discusses, based on the scientific literature, the idea of expanding the window of opportunity for 2,200 days, encompassing the preconception phase to the end of the fifth year of life. Methods: Scientific articles published up to 2022 in Pubmed/Medline, SciELO, Google Scholar, and Lilacs databases, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, were reviewed in an integrative manner. The search for articles was directed to topics related to intervention targets that could impact the present and future health of the child. Results: Biological, social and psychological aspects were studied in five phases: preconception, gestational, first year, second year, and third to the fifth year of life. The data obtained show the importance of expanding the period of greater professional attention at the beginning of life. Conclusion: The Brazilian Association of Nutrology recommends a window of 2,200 days (100 days in preconception + 270 days of gestation + 1,830 days from the first to the fifth year of life) as the ideal period of professional activity to guarantee present and children's future
Major evidence of nutrological regulation in obese patients with meta-inflammation: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Obesity stands out as a multifactorial disease that can cause several public health problems. There are 2.0 billion overweight and obese people in the world, and Brazil ranks fifth in the world. A healthy nutritional status promotes immune function and can prevent the onset of a serious inflammatory process and severe infections, especially in times of a pandemic such as COVID-19. Objective: It was to highlight the main clinical considerations of nutrological and dietary regulation in obese patients with marked inflammatory processes and meta-inflammation through a systematic review. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from August to September 2022 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 127 articles were found. A total of 74 articles were fully evaluated and 29 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 32 studies at high risk of bias and 25 studies that did not meet the GRADE. Research has shown that unbalanced dietary patterns, such as the Western diet, rich in simple sugars, refined carbohydrates, and saturated and trans fatty acids, lead to chronic inflammatory responses, increased fat deposits, and future comorbidities associated with overweight and obesity. Caloric restriction decreased polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in obese patients and diet administration over 12 weeks had a beneficial effect. Furthermore, obese patients with antioxidant supplementation had lower values of BMI, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose level, and insulin resistance homeostasis model assessment when compared to the placebo group, as well as lower total cholesterol levels, triglycerides, LDL, malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Supplementation of n-3 PUFA can significantly reduce serum PCR, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations
The benefits of glutamine in the treatment of patients with cancer
Get PDFThe subject of this study is the benefits of immunonutrition or immunomodulation, based on the concept that malnutrition impairs immune function. It is a therapeutic approach in an artificial form of food with the function of rebuilding cells for the immune response, which involves specific amino acids such as arginine, glutamine, and fiber. In this sense, it is intended to deal specifically with glutamine, which is a “conditionally essential” amino acid, as its concentration in plasma can decrease by up to 50% during stress, causing a deficiency condition. In the treatment of cancer patients, glutamine constitutes an immunomodulatory nutrient, being a fundamental substrate for the cells of the immune system, stimulating the multiplication of lymphocytes, the differentiation of B cells, the production of interleukin 1, and the phagocytosis of macrophages. The high use of glutamine by lymphocytes and macrophages suggests that the provision of this amino acid is of paramount importance for the functioning of these cells and also for the proper functioning of the immune response. Important in viral infections and in combating tumor cells, Natural Killer (NK) cells are dependent on adequate glutamine stores for their proliferation. It also exerts a local immunostimulating effect, increasing intestinal T cells, and is a precursor of an important intracellular antioxidant, glutathione. This is bibliographical research, of a qualitative nature, carried out through specialized scientific articles on the chosen topic
The relationship between melatonin and sleep quality and its weight loss benefits
Get PDFMelatonin is an endogenous substance easily found in the body. It is conceptualized as a hormone, derived from serotonin, synthesized by the pineal gland during the night period. As a hormone, melatonin has several functions, such as immunomodulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor, however its most compliant function is the control of the circadian rhythm, in addition to regularizing seasonality. Sleep is one of the primordial needs of the human being, after a period of physical and mental activities, it has a fundamental role to relax and re-establish the organism for a new cycle of activities. Thus, melatonin acts as a metabolism regulator influencing the quality of life, and its effectiveness in inducing sleep has led pharmaceutical companies to launch its synthetic version, widely sold as a supplement in some countries such as the United States and Europe. To analyze the importance of melatonin in the regulation of sleep, as well as to characterize its functions in the body that contribute to weight control. The work methodology consisted of a literature review, carried out through previously published research studies. Based on the literary subsidies that supported this research, it is concluded that the benefits achieved with the use of melatonin encompass the alignment of the sleep cycle and contribute to weight control, which may influence weight loss, as well as in other areas of the body
Mediterranean diet in the treatment of metabolic syndrome: nutritional therapy and life perspective
Get PDFMetabolic syndrome is the association of chronic diseases related to diet and physical activity. Also recognized as a complex entity that associates well-established cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes, among others, such as central fat deposition and insulin resistance. Currently, Metabolic Syndrome has gained worrisome dimensions within clinical practice, becoming one of the greatest challenges at the beginning of this century. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet recognized for its combination of tasty taste and nutritional benefits, in addition to its culture of the link between health and longevity, is a strategy in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Although there is no consensus on the most adequate nutritional strategy to treat Metabolic Syndrome (MS), in such a way that there is a reduction in cardiovascular risk, recent studies show the effectiveness of adopting healthy lifestyles capable of reversing this trend. To address the role of diet in MS treatment, with the main focus on the interaction of benefits of different nutritional interventions in MS remission, contributing to the integration of current evidence in the pre-existing context. In view of the studies carried out in this research, it was found that the Mediterranean diet has shown benefits in the secondary prevention of this syndrome, although the underlying mechanisms are not completely clear. In this sense, it is important to revitalize and apply this diet in the future in terms of preventive and therapeutic guidelines
Obesity, bariatric surgery, and weight regain parameters: a concise systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Obesity, an easily diagnosed disease, is multifactorial, chronic, and difficult to manage. It has increased alarmingly and is now one of the main public health problems. It is associated with several comorbidities and poorer quality of life. Bariatric surgery is currently widely accepted and described in the literature as the most effective method for the treatment of obesity. Even though this is the best method, weight regain (WR) is also checked. In the literature, there are several parameters used to configure WR, and with that, several results are presented. Objective: This paper aims to review the parameters used to assess WR after bariatric surgery. Method: A bibliographic review of the last 5 years was carried out in the PubMed and Scielo virtual databases with the following keywords: bariatric surgery, obesity, and weight regain, in October and November 2019. Result: Lack of unanimity in the definition and parameters for WR is still a reason for further studies. And with that, the results are also presented in a varied way, depending on the parameter used. Conclusion: The subject is relatively new and there is a need for more studies to define and quantify the meaning of WR, to also improve the approach and management of the patient with weight regain. But there seems to be a tendency to adapt itself as a favorable response to surgical success when at least 50% excess weight loss (%EWL) and > 20% total weight loss is achieved, and that any regain should not be used. as a parameter to define it