International Journal of Nutrology
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Consumo de bebidas por crianças brasileiras com idades entre 4 e 11 anos de idade e seu impacto na ingestão de açúcar de adição: Estudo de amostragem nacional
Get PDFObjective: to evaluate the average consumption of beverages among preschool and school Brazilian children (aged 4 to 11 years), as well as the times and the characteristics of consumption, considering the contribution of each drink intake on added sugar. Methodology: nationally representative sample using a structured questionnaire (secondary analysis) accounted for three days, answered for the mothers of children aged 4-6 years (n = 1,391 children) and 7 to 11 years (n = 2,365 children) of all regions of the country on the liquid consumed with a focus on added sugar intake, as well as the places and people who followed this consumption. Results: At breakfast, the purchased fruit juice and homemade chocolate were the biggest contributors to the consumption of added sugar. In the morning snack, the two drinks with higher contribution were soft drinks and acquired fruit juice. During lunch, always appears the acquired fruit juice, however, differences were observed between age groups, and for children between 4 and 6 years old, together with the purchased fruit juice, appears soft drink, but between 7 and 11 years, also appears milk chocolate. In the afternoon snack, although the fruit acquired juice is present throughout the group studied, among older children soft drinks are more consumed than milk chocolate, which is more common among younger children. Regarding the dinner, acquired fruit juice was always present in the whole study group, but the soft drinks appeared with relevance in older children (7-11 years). Conclusions: sugar sweetened drinks, especially consumed at home and in the presence of caregivers, contribute significantly to the addition of sugar intake in the diet of children, especially the acquired fruit juices, soft drinks and chocolaty drinks
Hábito alimentar nos lanches intermediários de crianças escolares brasileiras de 7 a 11 anos: estudo em amostra nacional representativa
Get PDFObjetivo: Avaliar a composição e o valor nutricional dos lanches intermediários das crianças escolares brasileiras. Metodologia: Análise secundária de questionário estruturado, sobre o tipo e quantidade dos alimentos consumidos nos lanches por um período de 3 dias, respondido pelas mães de 2.365 crianças de 7 a 11 anos de todas as regiões do Brasil. Resultados: 97,46% das crianças realizaram os lanches intermediários que, em média, foram compostos por 2,9 grupos de alimentos. Os lanches da manhã (LM) foram caracterizados por biscoitos, frutas e iogurtes. Nos lanches da tarde (LT), que geralmente se mostraram mais calóricos, o grupo dos iogurtes foi substituído pelos pães em geral. Em relação aos nutrientes, observou-se um consumo expressivo de açúcar de adição, com destaque para as regiões Centro-Oeste e Norte + Nordeste, cujo consumo total (LM + LT) de 28,3 gramas ultrapassou o limite diário preconizado pela OMS. Outro importante achado foi o consumo sódio, cujo consumo nas crianças da amostra Brasil, nos dois lanches, atingiu 65% do valor de AI em todos os lanches, sendo maior no LT. Conclusão: As crianças escolares brasileiras têm o hábito de realizar os lanches intermediários, o que favorece o preenchimento dos requerimentos nutricionais, principalmente de vitaminas e fibras. Porém, a composição dos lanches revelou um consumo expressivo de açúcar de adição e sódio, o que pode impactar negativamente na saúde das crianças. Isso reforça a necessidade de campanhas educativas tanto às crianças quanto aos responsáveis por sua alimentação
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the action of gut microbiota and nutrology in celiac disease: state of the art
Get PDFIntroduction: Celiac disease (CD) is one of the most common disorders related to diet, with a global prevalence of about 1%. The aggravations caused by CD promote an imbalance in the gut microbiota (GM). However, it is not yet known specifically how the gut microbiota plays a role in the pathogeny of this disease, and whether microbiota dysbiosis would be the cause or consequence of CD. Objective: The present study aimed to correlate the main results of the action of the gut microbiota and functional nutrition for the treatment of celiac disease. Methods: This study followed the rules of PRISMA. The research was carried out from June 2021 to 2022 and developed at Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Ovid. The quality of the evidence was classified according to the GRADE. The Cochrane instrument was adopted to assess the risk of bias of included studies. For data analysis, Minitab 18® statistical program was used. A common descriptive statistical analysis was performed. The One-Way test (ANOVA) was applied, adopting the α level lower than 0.05 with a statistically significant difference for the 95% CI. Results: The present study found thirteen (13) important clinical studies, of which 12 were Randomized Controlled Studies (RCTs) and one (1) Cross-Sectional Observational study of the total of 113 studies evaluated, showing a high quality of scientific evidence in the studies addressed, with a level of scientific evidence AI. Also, the analyzed studies showed high homogeneity in the results (high association=>50%) to studies with larger sample sizes (greater precision), presenting 98.65%. The present study showed that certain diets/probiotics can promote the improvement of GM as well as DC, especially in patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD). Therefore, patients who follow a GFD may be prone to nutritional deficiencies. Conclusion: According to the results, although some studies have a small sample size, the main randomized clinical studies showed that the modulation of nutrients/probiotics and the gut microbiota improve the inflammatory process of celiac disease, especially in patients with a gluten-free diet
Ultrasound technology as a nethod for homogenizing human milk
Get PDFBackground: The lipid content of human milk is its most variable component and provides from 35 to 50% of the daily energy needs of newborns. Losses occur during the freezing and thawing processes due to the coalescence of the fat globules and their adherence to bottle walls. Objectives: The objective was to test two methods of homogenizing pasteurized human milk in human milk banks in order to reduce the nutritional losses that occur between storage and feeding to newborns. Methods: Human milk samples collected in duplicate were homogenized either by sonication (MIRIS, Sweden) or vortex tube agitation. A total of 941 milk samples of different lactation stages from the human milk bank in Blumenau (SC, Brazil) were analyzed. A human milk analyzer (MIRIS, Sweden) was used to determine lipid content after homogenization. The statistical significance adopted in this study was á = 5%. Results: A mean of 1.87 grams of lipids per deciliter (g/dL) was observed in vortex-homogenized milk, whereas ultrasound homogenization yielded a mean of 2.07 g/dL, p < 0.01. The mean energy value of vortexhomogenized milk was 33.36 Kcal/dL, compared to 35.81 Kcal/dL for ultrasound-homogenized milk, p < 0.01. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that there is energy loss when human milk is not properly homogenized before being fed to newborns; better homogenization techniques decrease the adherence of fat globules to the bottle walls
Editorial
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Como Editora-chefe do International Journal of Nutrology agradeço a participação de todos no nosso evento científico anual e é com muita satisfação que publicamos os Anais do XXII Congresso Brasileiro de Nutrologia, promovido pela Associação Brasileira de Nutrologia ABRAN.
Convido todos a aproveitarem o nosso evento e lerem os trabalhos científicos publicados nesses Anais.
Ótima leitura a todos
Epidemiology and Clinical Forms of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Review
Get PDFPrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a disease caused by overactive parathyroid glands with consequent hypercalcemia. However, its presentation is variable, with patients demonstrating a range from normocalcemia to severe hypercalcemic PHPT. The present study aims to perform a literature review on the epidemiology and the clinical forms of PHPT using information published in the PubMed and Cochrane databases. It describes data about prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, classic and non-classic manifestations, providing updated information on classical hypercalcemic hyperthyroidism, in addition to its normocalcemic variant
Acidose metabólica e o estado nutricional de pacientes em hemodiálise
Get PDFIntroduction: The prevalence of malnutrition in hemodialysis (HD) is high, being a marker of poor prognosis in chronic kidney disease. Metabolic acidosis is common on dialysis, and has been associated with mortality. Objectives: To evaluate metabolic acidosis and the nutritional status of HD patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a single HD center. Data were collected from medical records, and the presence of metabolic acidosis and the nutritional status of the patients were verified by anthropometric and biochemical indicators. Results: The total sample of 63 patients, 54% male and 46% female, with 58.7% between 45 and 64 years. The mean dialysis time was of 5.4 years. The mean value of the body mass index (BMI) was 24.9kg/m2, and the mean value of albumin was 3.9g/dL. The prevalence of metabolic acidosis was of 77.8%. There was a negative linear correlation between bicarbonate and creatinine, without correlation with anthropometric and albumin indicators. Patients malnourished according to the BMI corresponded to 55.5% of the total sample and gained more interdialytic weight. Out of the total sample, 14.2% of the patients were classified as malnourished by the arm circumference index, and albumin < 4.0 g/dL was observed in 49.2% of the patients. Serum creatinine was higher in male patients aged between 45 and 64 years old. No difference in time on hemodialysis was observed regarding age, interdialytic weight gain, laboratory, and anthropometric measures. Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic acidosis was high, and there was no correlation with the nutritional status. Bicarbonate < 22 mEq/L was correlated with higher creatinine values, but was unrelated to the nutritional status. The nutritional assessment by BMI was in agreement with the Brazilian literature, and albumin indicated elevated malnutrition
Sensibilidade não-celíaca ao glúten
Get PDFAmong adverse food reactions, gluten-related disorders are now gaining more and more space in scientific and non-scientific publications. These disorders are divided into three entities: celiac disease (CD), wheat allergy (WA), and non-celiac sensitivity to gluten or wheat (NCGS), considering that this cereal is associated more frequently with the manifestations, and since it is also discussed whether or not this grain would be the real triggering food component. Celiac disease is an autoimmune enteropathy, whereas WA is a hypersensitive reaction, mediated or not mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE). Non-celiac sensitivity to gluten or wheat is an emerging entity of pathophysiology still under discussion, which several researchers propose as a diagnosis of exclusion in relation to CD and WA, and it has aroused great popular excitement and controversy in medical circles. The present review aims to approach NCGS, seeking to distinguish elements of the other two disorders, such as clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment. In many studies, the possibility of overlapping or of diagnostic confusion with other functional gastrointestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs), is highlighted. We conclude that NCGS, although it is a clinical entity recognized by a significant number of researchers, is still widely questioned regarding its characterization, diagnosis and pathophysiology. This, given the high prevalence estimated and the popular repercussions, is undoubtedly a subject worthy of further and well-conducted studies
Desenvolvimento de biscoitos integrais à base de farinha de alfarroba como uma alternativa para substituição do cacau em pó
Get PDFCarob powder, made from the fruit of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.), which is native to the Mediterranean region, is considered a healthy product with a high nutritional value, and it can be used as a substitute for cocoa powder in the production of food. Based on this, the objective of the present study was to develop whole carob powder cookies as an alternative to cocoa powder, verifying its nutritional properties, physical changes and acceptability. The cookies were developed using the standard cocoa recipe, and three formulations were prepared with carob instead of cocoa in proportions of 100%, 50% and 25%. This substitution promoted physical alterations in the products, a decrease in the protein, carbohydrate, and total fat content, and an increase in fibers. The possible consumers were able to note a significant difference in the control difference test between the standard sample (100% cocoa) and sample III (the recipe with the lowest carob content), but the other items were statistically imperceptible. According to the analyses performed and the sensorial test, we verified that the replacement of cocoa by carob is feasible
O Futuro é Hoje!
Get PDFEstimados leitores,
Nossa revista International Journal of Nutrology (IJN) bate hoje às portas do Futuro. Num mundo em constante transformação e com o conhecimento e a aplicação da Tecnologia Digital crescendo a passos largos, a chegada desse momento seria de todo modo inevitável. A ubiquidade dos chamados “smartphones” possibilitou a disponibilidade de milhões de monitores em contato contínuo com os usuários e o aparecimento da chamada “mobile health”.
Nos últimos anos vêm sendo publicados vários artigos científicos chamando a atenção para a utilização da telefonia celular como ferramenta auxiliar no registro de várias condições fisiológicas e na detecção precoce de situações de risco para os pacientes
A medição do fluxo sanguíneo, da frequência cardíaca, da pressão arterial sistêmica e da saturação de oxigênio, a estimativa do balanço autonômico e do gasto de calorias, a quantidade de atividade física, o estímulo à ingestão de água, a contribuição na previsão de quedas, arritmias e de crises convulsivas se incluem entre as dezenas de outras possibilidades de utilização.
Na presente edição, dois trabalhos se aprofundam no tema, destacando a utilização dessa abordagem de monitoração digital para auxílio diagnóstico em duas situações clínicas relevantes e de alta prevalência: a anemia e a alteração glicêmica. Esperamos que as informações aqui contidas, bem como as recomendações da ABRAN, relacionadas à avaliação do perfil nutricional dos alimentos industrializados, possam, em conjunto, contribuir para o conhecimento de todos.
Contamos, como sempre, com a colaboração e participação geral estimulando e divulgando os artigos aqui publicados, como também enviando material para publicação, o que é fundamental para manutenção regular das edições.
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