International Journal of Nutrology
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Licopeno e prevenção do câncer de próstata: Uma revisão integrativa
Get PDFCurrently, prostate cancer is an important public health problem, constituting one of the main types of cancer diagnosed in male patients, which is becoming the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that habits and lifestyle, along with the installation of a framework of oxidative stress, are presented as important factors involved in the process of carcinogenesis. On the other hand, food habits has been considered an ally in cancer prevention through food groups with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties capable of acting as anticarcinogenic compounds, with lycopene being considered as a chemopreventive antioxidant. The present review summarizes some of the results relevant to the role of lycopene in the prevention of prostate cancer in the last 7 years. We have selected articles from the following databases: Scielo, Lilacs, BVS, PubMed, and MEDLINE. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 international articles were selected. In clinical reviews, clinical trials (in vivo and in vitro) have shown the influence of the supplementation and of the consumption of lycopene from different sources of tomato-based products and other food sources in the decrease in the cell viability of prostatic cells after treatment, in addition to an increase in apoptosis and in the regulation of transcriptional levels, indicating lycopene as an important phytochemical. However, future clinical trials with the use of lycopene should be carried out to enable accurate recommendations and to provide information on the adequate consumption and amount of this compound, so that it can be used for the prevention of prostate cancer
Parenteral Nutrition Therapy for an Achondroplastic Patient: Case Report
Get PDFIntroduction: Achondroplasia is the most common form of dwarfism in humans. At the end of the twentieth century, achondroplasia had its natural history investigated and its morbimortality understood. In dwarves, obesity is one of the causes of morbidity, and it is difficult to evaluate it due to the great disproportion among anthropometric data. The characterization of the nutritional needs of these patients represents an interesting dilemma for physicians. In view of these difficulties, the present case report describes an alternative to obtain the ideal weight value of an elderly dwarf in the use of parenteral nutritional therapy. Case Report: A 73-year-old male patient, carrier of achondroplastic dwarfism, was admitted for surgical treatment of colon adenocarcinoma. He was submitted to total colectomy with ileum-rectum anastomosis, evolving with abdominal septic shock by suture dehiscence, which was fixed, and a protective ileostomy was installed. Due to the maintenance of prolonged fasting, without the possibility of starting oral or enteral feeding, the patient used total parenteral nutrition. To estimate the total energy expenditure, we chose to ask the patient what his ideal weight was. The patient used total parenteral nutrition for eight days until he was able to meet his caloric needs orally. Conclusion: In the absence of indirect calorimetry, the ideal weight mentioned by the patient seems to be a good option for the estimation of the caloric expenditure by simplified equations
Critério da Associação Brasileira de Nutrologia para diagnóstico e tratamento da síndrome metabólica em crianças e adolescentes
Get PDFIntroduction: Metabolic Syndrome is a set of biochemical, physiological, clinical and metabolic factors that start with peripheral insulin resistance and that, when concomitantly present, increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis, cardiovascular events, type 2 diabetes mellitus and mortality from any cause. In children, there is no consensus on diagnostic criteria and treatment, so the importance of their establishment and standardization. Objective: To publish a consensus of the Brazilian Association of Nutrology for the diagnosis and treatment of Metabolic Syndrome in children and adolescents. Methods: Literature review and discussion among authors. Results: For diagnosis, it is recommended to use the following parameters: excess body adiposity, dyslipidemia, alteration of glycemic-insulinemic profile and elevation of blood pressure. Adolescents and children aged seven years or older will be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome if present altered values in at least 3 of the 4 criteria. Lifestyle modifications, improvement in the quantity and quality of food and increased physical activity are used as initial therapy and the use of metformin is indicated for the control of insulin resistance when those strategies will be not sufficient. Liraglutide can be used in people over 12 years of age to promote weight loss and bariatric surgery is reserved for special cases of severe obesity. Conclusion: Early recognition and treatment of Metabolic Syndrome among children and adolescents provide prevention of cardiovascular adverse events and diabetes in patients and improves their quality of life and the present consensus seeks to standardize these conducts
Vitamin D Deficiency in Brazil: Questions about Potential Causes and Clinical Characteristics
Get PDFVitamin D is a micronutrient essential to various systems from the human body, and it is not restricted to the classical function of bone mineralization. Its synthesis is mainly related to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation exposure. Although Brazil is a tropical country with high levels of UVB radiation, counter-intuitively, a large number of Brazilians present vitamin D deficiency, which is also a worldwide issue. This review aims to approach clinical features and explore potential causes for this apparent contradiction through questions that could explain vitamin D deficiency in the Brazilian population
Myo-inositol in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and positioning of its use
Get PDFIntroduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disease among women of reproductive age 6 to 15% its presentation is complex and heterogeneous and is characterized by clinical and laboratory findings of hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation, metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance (IR), overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective: To evaluate the effects of myo-inositol in pregnant and non-pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome in relation to fertility improvement, gestational outcomes, and metabolic and hormonal parameters. Methods: Data from randomized clinical trials on the efficacy of myo-inositol in women with PCOS were used in this review. The PubMed database was used for literature search. Results: Insulin resistance is one of the mechanisms that explain the emergence of metabolic and reproductive changes in women with PCOS. When compared to placebo, myo-inositol was effective in improving fertility, increasing ovulation and fertilization rates, in addition to improving metabolic parameters as indicators of insulin resistance (HOMA index). Even when compared to more traditional insulin sensitizers like metformin, myoinositol showed similar efficacy in restoring fertility. Myo-inositol was also effective when associated with clomiphene acetate and in women undergoing in vitro fertilization processes. There was also an improvement in pregnancy outcomes and a reduction in the risk of developing gestational diabetes with the use of myo-inositol. Conclusions: Myo-inositol improves clinical and laboratory parameters in both pregnant and non-pregnant PCOS patients, increasing the fertility rate and improving pregnancy outcomes
The role of leucine in the activation of cellular metabolism: a large integrative review
Get PDFThis review addressed the signaling of cellular activation by leucine, discussed the risks of excessive signaling by proteins in the Western diet, and explored the potential of leucine stimulation in tissue regeneration. As result, amino acids are, in addition to building blocks of macromolecules, cellular activation signals. Essential amino acids are not produced by animals and leucine appears to be the main signaling amino acid. Mammals adjusted the cell activation and growth rate of their young by the leucine concentration of the milk produced. Several studies demonstrate the benefits of leucine supplementation in preventing sarcopenia, improving muscle and liver performance, as well as a possible neuroprotective role in head trauma and dementia. However, its excess, so common in the Western diet, is related to obesity, type II diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. The mTORC1 kinase integrates cellular activation stimuli from macro protein synthesis to epigenetic regulation. Controlling mTORC1 activity by consuming leucine can prevent, treat, or cause disease. A greater understanding of the regulatory effects of leucine and mTOR in unstable tissues such as tumors or fragile tissues such as the CNS are areas of great relevance and with extensive fields still to be explored
II Consensus of the Brazilian Nutrology Association on DHA recommendations during pregnancy, lactation and childhood
Get PDFObjective: To update of the consensus of the Brazilian Association of Nutrology regarding DHA consumption and supplementation during pregnancy, lactation and childhood. Methods: Scientific articles published until 2022 were reviewed in Pubmed/Medline, SciELO and Lilacs databases. Results: Considering the information obtained, the authors drafted the consensus, which was approved by the Brazilian Association of Nutrology board. Conclusions: The recommendations of the Brazilian Nutrology Association are presented based on scientific evidence
Pseudohipoaldosteronism Type 1: a case report supported by a literature review
Get PDFIn the neonatal period, hydro electrolytic disorders with dehydration and metabolic acidosis can cause admission to an intensive care unit and become a diagnostic challenge. Among such disorders, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia become diagnostic challenges with hormonal involvement, including aldosterone. Pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) resulting from the lack of response to aldosterone in target cells can be classified into three types and its suspected diagnosis in cases of hyponatremia, hyperkalemia with an elevation of serum aldosterone, can be confirmed by exome sequencing with identification of a potentially pathogenic. This study was based on the case report of a newborn of consanguineous parents who, after birth, evolved in the first week of life with shock, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis. An initial investigation ruled out congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The presence of hyperaldosteronism with increased plasma renin activity, associated with hyperkalemia and hyponatremia difficult to control with electrolyte replacement, led to a molecular investigation that confirmed PHA type 1 by a mutation in the SCCN1A gene. In neonates with severe hyponatremia that is difficult to resolve with conventional treatment and elevation of serum aldosterone, this pathology must be remembered and investigated, avoiding high morbidity and mortality
Evaluation of premenstrual syndrome and its relationship with changes in food consumption during the luteal phase in a university center in northwest paulista: a prospective observational cross-sectional study
Get PDFIntroduction: The menstrual cycle is a natural phenomenon that occurs in two phases: follicular and luteal. Several hormonal, physical and psychological changes occur during this period, which influence the female diet. These changes and consequences are felt mainly in the luteal phase, that is between 1 to 5 days before the menstrual flow, characterizing the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or premenstrual tension (PMS). Objective: This article aims to evaluate food intake and dietary changes in adult women of reproductive age during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Methods: Quali-quantitative descriptive exploratory study, carried out with 207 female students, between 18 and 41 years of age, from all courses at a University Center in northwestern São Paulo. An online questionnaire was applied via Google Forms with closed and open questions that characterized the sample regarding the participants' personal and dietary aspects in the luteal phase. The work complied with Resolution 466/12 of the National Health Council and was approved by the Ethics Committee and all participants signed the Informed Consent Term. Results: It was observed that there was a predominance of women aged between 19 and 22 years (64.25%). With regard to physical symptoms in the luteal phase, 95.65% of women reported having at least one symptom, such as swollen and/or painful breasts (67.7%) and colic (55.1%). Regarding the intensity of food craving, 5.3% of the women reported no changes, 10.6% had low intensity (mild), 50.7% had moderate intensity, 27.5% had high intensity (high) and 5, 8% very high intensity (severe). According to the change in dietary pattern, among the foods presented, 85% of the participants claimed to have a higher consumption of sugars and sweets during this period and 38.6% higher consumption of carbohydrates, representing most of the responses collected. It was found that food cravings among the participants occurred with high frequency in 91.78% of the cases, with emphasis on the high craving for sweets (87%) and fast food (33.8%). The increase in food consumption in the luteal phase was significant, as it was present in 70.5% of women. Conclusion: The luteal phase interferes with the pattern and intensity of food craving, as well as with the increased intake of macronutrients, especially carbohydrates, sugars and sweets
Lifestyle under the light of nutrological and psychological aspects in the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Due to the emergence of the new coronavirus (whose disease is COVID-19), in 2020 the WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. Preventive measures can radically change individuals' daily habits, including lifestyle-related behaviors. Sedentary behavior, anxiety, and boredom caused by home confinement can influence motivation to eat and change lifestyle patterns. Objective: To carry out a systematic review on the impacts of COVID-19 on people's diet and lifestyle, as well as to point out the main dietary and lifestyle precautions during and after the new coronavirus pandemic, based on the results of clinical studies. Methods: The rules of the Systematic Review-PRISMA Platform were followed. The search was carried out from December 2021 to April 2022 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: Were found 264 articles. A total of 116 articles were fully evaluated and 34 studies were developed in a systematic review. There is scientific evidence that foods/nutrients and natural substances from human physiology and biochemistry such as melatonin and coenzyme Q10 control immune system functions, and many metabolic or chronic diseases have been implicated in poor diet and lifestyle. The results of the pandemic indicate there have been a variety of lifestyle changes, physical inactivity, and psychological problems. Still, adults over 40 years old, with children, unemployed, and those living in a macroeconomic region were shown to be more exposed to unhealthy behaviors. Maintaining dietary intervention through telemedicine can reduce the negative impact of eating habits and physical activity patterns