International Journal of Nutrology
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Mobile Health (mHealth) and Advances in Noninvasive Diagnosis of Anemia: An Overview
Get PDFAnemia is a public health problem that can have different causes, such as iron deficiency, vitamin deficiency, inflammation, hemolytic anemias, and anemias associated with bone marrow disease. Anemia shows a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin, a pigmented molecule in the erythrocytes. The objectives of this review were to highlight the impact of nutritional factors on morbidity and mortality caused by anemia and to present different non-invasive approaches that use a smartphone to analyze hemoglobin levels to detect anemia. According to the records of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, in the Portuguese acronym), ∼ 440,000 people checked in hospitals due to anemia between January 2015 and April 2020, with 215,000 deaths. The government spent ∼ 294 million Brazilian Reais (more than 50 million US dollars) on anemia hospitalization cases during this period. There is a worldwide search to provide noninvasive diagnostics and mobile health (mHealth) tools to help diagnosing anemia. The smartphone appears to be a viable device to detect anemia by a camera with colorimetric analysis of images providing a quantitative, instantaneous, and noninvasive result. These images can be obtained as a photograph or extracted from video frames. The review presents three different methods of detecting anemia using a smartphone: i) photoplethysmograph from video obtained from the tip of the index finger, ii) photo of the palpebral conjunctiva, and iii) fingernail photo app. Therefore, it seems urgent that these approaches may be applied in routine clinical diagnosis to allow remote, needy, low-tech locations to have access to anemia screening
Sarcopenia em idosos: um estudo de revisão
Get PDFWith aging, there are several physiological changes throughout the body. In the skeletal musculature, there is a change in the pattern from fast to slow fibers, leading to a loss of muscle mass, strength and quality, which causes the individual to become weaker and slower. This loss of muscle mass and strength generates in the elderly a decrease in mobility, increased functional disability and dependence on activities, and may even lead to more serious consequences such as falls and fractures. We call this process sarcopenia. The mechanisms responsible for the development of sarcopenia are not yet fully known, but it is known that factors such as decreased steroid hormone levels, decreased protein intake, increased proinflammatory cytokine levels and physical inactivity are contributing factors. The present study is a review of the literature, which used scientific studies to investigate the impact of sarcopenia on the functionality of individuals > 65 years old
Vitamin Dietary Supplement: Changes and Challenges with the New ANVISA Regulations
Get PDFIn July 2018, the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, ANVISA, in Portuguese) published new regulations for food supplements, leading to changes both in the sales denomination and labeling statements, and in the composition of these products. Among dietary supplements, those containing vitamins are the most consumed by the population. The objective of the present work is to discuss the changes in the parameters established for the products containing vitamins, mainly in relation to the required and allowed concentrations of micronutrients, and to verify the impact of these changes for the population since the publication of the new standards. Until July 2018, vitamin-based products containing between 15% and 100% of the recommended daily intake (RDI) of these micronutrients were classified as vitamin supplements; above this dosage, they were considered medicines. The new legislation changed the minimum and maximum limits allowed for vitamin food supplements. Taking into account the maximum vitamin limits established for adults, the most relevant differences were the increase in these limits in a proportion of 100, 76 and 43 times in regarding vitamins E, B6 and C respectively, when compared to those previously established. For the required minimum limits, the major difference was observed for vitamin D, with a four-fold increase in its concentration. In conclusion, changes in legislation can influence the health of the population, so the ideal amounts of vitamin in supplements and the recommendation to consume these products require extensive discussion and reflection
Major clinical outcomes of melatonin use in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: In the context of the Sars-Cov-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as other viral infections, these viruses can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Thus, in the context of melatonin science in viral infections such as influenza and COVID-19, there is a growing realization that the regulation of melatonin pathways, both pineal and systemic, may be an important aspect of the regulation of viruses in cellular functions. Objective: It was to list the main results of clinical studies of the use of melatonin in patients infected with Sars-Cov-2 through a systematic review. Methods: The rules of the Systematic Review-PRISMA Platform. The search was carried out from December 2021 to April 2022 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: It was found 164 articles. A total of 86 articles were fully evaluated and 30 studies were developed in a systematic review. Melatonin is known as an anti-inflammatory agent and immune modulator that may address the progressive pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). According to the objective and results obtained in the present study that evaluated the treatment in patients with COVID-19, the use of melatonin can help reduce thrombosis, sepsis and mortality. Furthermore, the combination of 3.0 mg oral melatonin tablets and standard care can substantially improve sleep quality and blood oxygen saturation in hospitalized patients. Clinical symptoms such as cough, dyspnea and fatigue, as well as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) level and lung involvement in patients receiving melatonin can improve significantly. Also, the mean time of patients' hospital discharge and return to initial health was significantly shorter in patients who received melatonin compared to the control group. There was evidence of benefit of sustained-release melatonin 2 mg in therapy in patients, as well as evidence that the use of melatonin was associated with a reduced probability of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result compared to the use of blockers of the angiotensin II receptor or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Severe Hyponatremia and hypokalemia: a potentially fatal clinical and nutrological condition in the emergency room: a case report
Get PDFElectrolyte imbalances are common in clinical practice. However, if untreated they can lead to severe complications including neurologic disturbances, cardiac rhythm alterations and even death. They can be diagnosed by a detailed clinical history, a careful physical examination and serum determinations. Their etiology is broad, including renal and extra-renal losses, use of medication without medical supervision and low intake from foods. The present case describes a patient attended at the emergency room complaining of epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting and weakness that resolved after electrolyte reposition
Resveratrol and radiation biological effects
Get PDFResveratrol is a phytoalexin, a phenolic compound present in wines and several plants. This compound is related to a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effects that are very important in prevention of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and other diseases caused by oxidative processes. Over the last years, biological effects of ionizing radiation in the presence of resveratrol have been studied in different cell cultures. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of gamma radiation on mouse connective tissue cells (NCTC clone 929) in culture in the presence of trans-resveratrol. Cell viabilities were analyzed by neutral red uptake assay. The results demonstrated in vitro the radioprotective effect of trans-resveratrol on cell culture and it was more pronounced when cell culture was irradiated at 500-800 Gy doses in the presence of resveratrol concentrations between 12.5 and 25 μM. These results provide evidence that trans-resveratrol alters the cellular response to ionizing radiation, expanding the knowledge of resveratrol biological properties in physiological and pathological processes, contributing to the development of future studies about the possibility of including resveratrol and its derivatives in dietary supplements given to cancer patients during radiotherapy
EMTN em hospitais dos Municípios do Alto do Tietê
Get PDFMalnutrition can be defined as a metabolic imbalance caused by increased caloric and protein needs, inadequate nutrient intake and changes in body composition and physiological function. In the hospital setting, malnutrition, since its identification in the ‘70s, concerned health professionals, as they affect immune function by interfering with susceptibility to infections, wound healing and inflammatory response, which can cause an increase in the length of hospitalization. Thus, the earlier the detection of malnourished patients, or at risk of malnutrition, is made, the greater the benefit of Nutritional Therapy. Study design: This is a prospective, open-label study with multiple-choice questions and descriptive aimed at evaluating the status of TN and EMTNs in public and nonpublic hospitals in the municipalities of Alto Tietê region belonging to Greater São Paulo. Nine hospitals that fulfilled the inclusion criteria participated in the study. One institution handled the parenteral nutrition (PN). Of the remainder, half gets the NP industry and the other half outsources this service. They all make use of the infusion apparatus for administration of NP. Despite being required by ANVISA, the percentage of hospitals that have active EMTN is very small
É Possível Evitar a Recuperação do Peso após o Emagrecimento?
Get PDFObesity is a chronic disorder with a progressive and relapsing profile, and it has reached epidemic global proportions. It is a preventable and treatable cause of increased early mortality, however, in most of cases, it reaches only transitory success. When obese people lose weight, orexigen hormones increase and sacietogen ones decrease, causing a persistent increase in hunger and a decrease in body energy expenditure. In a obesogenic environment, this metabolic imbalance causes obesity relapse. The obesity treatment must focus in hyperproteic diets, intensive and frequent exercise and a combination of drugs that counteract the compensatory mechanisms present in who have lost weight